{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T05:49:09Z","timestamp":1793339349017,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020846","name":"Loyola College","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020846","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T02:06:34Z","timestamp":1758593194000},"page":"103171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Active constituent nonacosane from Sphaeranthus indicus (Asterales: Asteraceae) leaves as a potent larvicidal agent against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Alex","family":"Yagoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.C. John","family":"Milton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jelin","family":"Vilvest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariya","family":"Vaishnika A","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kedike","family":"Balakrishna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30161-6","article-title":"The effect of global change on mosquito-borne disease","volume":"19","author":"Franklinos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.2.1057","article-title":"Bispecific monoclonal antibodies mediate binding of dengue virus to erythrocytes in a monkey model of passive viremia","volume":"166","author":"Hahn","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007831","article-title":"The importance of vector control for the control and elimination of vector-borne diseases","volume":"14","author":"Wilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0020","first-page":"20190802","article-title":"Novel control strategies for mosquito-borne diseases","volume":"376","author":"Jones","year":"2021","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0025","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.467","article-title":"Insecticide Resistance Mechanisms of Brazilian Aedes aegypti Populations from 2001 to 2004","volume":"77","author":"Montella","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2010.08.004","article-title":"Pyrethroid resistance in African anopheline mosquitoes: what are the implications for malaria control?","volume":"27","author":"Ranson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/171756","article-title":"The role of flavonoids on oxidative stress in epilepsy","volume":"2015","author":"Diniz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0045","first-page":"96","article-title":"Resistance to pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides, and the geographical distribution and polymorphisms of target-site mutations in voltage-gated sodium channel and acetylcholinesterase 1 genes in Anopheles sinensis populations in Shanghai","volume":"12","author":"Fang","year":"2019","journal-title":"China, Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3695","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26123695","article-title":"Bioefficacy of Epaltes divaricata (L.) n-hexane extracts and their major metabolites against the lepidopteran pests Spodoptera litura (fab.) and dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linn.)","volume":"26","author":"Amala","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-022-00595-6","article-title":"A phase I clinical study to assess safety and immunogenicity of yellow fever vaccine","volume":"7","author":"Desai","year":"2022","journal-title":"npj Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11111683","article-title":"Japanese encephalitis vaccine acceptance and strategies for travelers: insights from a scoping review and practitioners in endemic countries","volume":"11","author":"Asawapaithulsert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.64.1.115-137.2000","article-title":"Genetics of mosquito vector competence","volume":"64","author":"Beerntsen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-S1-S11","article-title":"Plant-based insect repellents: a review of their efficacy, development and testing","volume":"10","author":"Maia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0075","first-page":"581","article-title":"Plant extracts as potential mosquito larvicides","volume":"135","author":"Ghosh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S2222-1808(13)60069-9","article-title":"Repellent activity of herbal essential oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn.) and Culex quinquefasciatus (say.)","volume":"3","author":"Sritabutra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.5530\/jyp.2017.9.24","article-title":"Bioinsecticide effect of pinus merkusii tree bark extract on Aedes aegypti larvae","volume":"9","author":"Setiawan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Young Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/23312025.2017.1404274","article-title":"Botanical insecticide as simple extractives for pest control","volume":"3","author":"Hikal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cogent Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13060776","article-title":"Flavonoids as insecticides in crop protection\u2014a review of current research and future prospects","volume":"13","author":"Pereira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0100","first-page":"48","article-title":"A review on Sphaeranthus indicus Linn: multipotential medicinal plant","volume":"4","author":"Mahajan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Res. Allied Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.22271\/23487941.2023.v10.i5a.690","article-title":"Exploring the potential of Sphaeranthus indicus flower extracts as natural mosquito larvicides","volume":"10","author":"Yagoo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mosq. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0110","first-page":"1376","article-title":"Pharmacognostic study of Sphaeranthus indicus Linn.: a review","volume":"11","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharm. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0115","series-title":"Medicinal Asteraceae of India","first-page":"41","article-title":"Sphaeranthus indicus L.: A medicinal herb of rural and tribal India","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Dintu","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0120","article-title":"Crude volatile oil derived from Sphaeranthus indicus Linn (Asteraceae): comparative insecticidal activity against agriculture pests Spodoptera litura and Plutella xylostella","volume":"477","author":"Nisha","year":"2024","journal-title":"E3S Web Conf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0125","first-page":"34","article-title":"A review of phytopharmacology and formulation of Sphaeranthus indicus, world J. Curr. Med","volume":"6","author":"Selvamoorthy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.27021","article-title":"Pharmacological evaluation of the extracts of Sphaeranthus indicus flowers on anxiolytic activity in mice","volume":"38","author":"Ambavade","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0135","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sphaeranthus indicus Linn\u2014a phytopharmacological review, Asian J. Pharm","volume":"6","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Educ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2023.102819","article-title":"Exploring the bioactive potential leaves of Sphaeranthus indicus: targeting immature stages of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito vectors through bioassay-guided screening and fraction isolation","volume":"98","author":"Yagoo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0145","article-title":"Coffea canephora leaf extracts as mosquito larvicidal, pupicidal and ovicidal activity against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus","author":"Vilvest","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aspen.2024.102330","article-title":"Investigation on the mosquitocidal property of cis-13-Octadecenoic acid isolated from Andrographis paniculata against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"27","author":"Vilvest","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Asia Pac. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0155","series-title":"Guidelines for laboratory and field testing of mosquito larvicides","first-page":"13","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1590\/S0301-80592000000400001","article-title":"Azadirachtin from the neem tree Azadirachta indica: its action against insects","volume":"29","author":"Mordue","year":"2000","journal-title":"An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.51.110104.151146","article-title":"Botanical insecticides, deterrents, and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world","volume":"51","author":"Isman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0170","series-title":"Larval Source Management: A Supplementary Measure for Malaria Vector Control","author":"WHO","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/18.2.265a","article-title":"The value of the dry substitutes for liquid lime","volume":"18","author":"Abbott","year":"1925","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0180","series-title":"Probit Analysis","first-page":"68","author":"Finney","year":"1971"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0185","series-title":"Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds","first-page":"230","author":"Silverstein","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0190","series-title":"13C NMR Spectroscopy: Methods and Applications in Organic Chemistry","first-page":"131","author":"Breitmaier","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0195","first-page":"3965","article-title":"Bioassay guided fractionation of Sphaeranthus indicus extract against mosquito vectors","volume":"5","author":"Vidhya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.9755\/ejfa.v12i1.5221","article-title":"Plant products as potential stored-product insect stored management agents\u2014a mini review","volume":"18","author":"Talukder","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emir. J. Food Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.1406","article-title":"Insecticide resistance in disease vectors of public health importance","volume":"63","author":"Nauen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pest Manag. Sci."},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2013.11.005","article-title":"Review: improving our knowledge of male mosquito biology in relation to genetic control programmes","volume":"132","author":"Lees","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0215","first-page":"581","article-title":"Plant extracts as potential mosquito larvicides","volume":"135","author":"Ghosh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11829-024-10060-x","article-title":"Bioactivity of Sphaeranthus Indicus Leaf Extracts on the Aquatic Stages of Aedes Aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus Mosquitoes","author":"Yagoo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthropod Plant Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10294","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-8952-2","article-title":"Toxicological effects of Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. (Asteraceae) leaf essential oil against human disease vectors, Culex quinquefasciatus say and Aedes aegypti Linn., and impacts on a beneficial mosquito predator","volume":"25","author":"Chellappandian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2024.108200","article-title":"Isolation and identification of the active constituent \u03b2-isocostic acid from the hexane extract of the leaves of Sphaeranthus indicus against mosquito vectors","volume":"253","author":"Yagoo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0235","first-page":"1","article-title":"The study of isolated alkane compounds and crude extracts from Sphagneticola trilobata (Asterales: Asteraceae) as a candidate botanical insecticide for lepidopteran larvae","volume":"XX","author":"Junhirun","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/36.6.824","article-title":"Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) age determination by cuticular hydrocarbon analysis of female legs","volume":"36","author":"Desena","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0245","first-page":"307","article-title":"Relative abundance of two cuticular hydrocarbons indicates whether a mosquito is old enough to transmit malaria parasites","volume":"20","author":"Rajendran","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0250","first-page":"1494","article-title":"Transcriptome-wide identification of cytochrome P450s and GSTs in the fat body of Spodoptera exigua following camptothecin exposure","volume":"13","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0255","first-page":"1231","article-title":"Chemical ecology of cuticular hydrocarbons in insects: potential for pest management","volume":"94","author":"Masi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pest. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1021\/jf401309r","article-title":"Nematicidal activity of nonacosane-10-ol and 23a-homostigmast-5-en-3\u03b2-ol isolated from the roots of Fumaria parviflora (Fumariaceae)","volume":"61","author":"Naz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-1146-6","article-title":"Mosquito larvicidal activity of oleic and linoleic acids isolated from Citrullus colocynthis (Linn.) Schrad","volume":"103","author":"Rahuman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.02.009","article-title":"Toxicity of different fatty acids and methyl esters on Culex quinquefasciatus larvae","volume":"154","author":"de Melo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4227","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2023.2172725","article-title":"Larvicidal activity of hexane extract, fatty acids, and methyl esters from Tecoma stans pericarps against Culex quinquefasciatus","volume":"37","author":"Silva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/36.6.811","article-title":"Potential for aging female Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) by gas chromatographic analysis of cuticular hydrocarbons, including a field evaluation","volume":"36","author":"Desena","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11258","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-90673-x","article-title":"Dietary and plasmodium challenge effects on the cuticular hydrocarbon profile of Anopheles albimanus","volume":"11","author":"Claudio-Piedras","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Parasitology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1383576925001448?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1383576925001448?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T16:27:26Z","timestamp":1769531246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1383576925001448"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":57,"alternative-id":["S1383576925001448"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171","relation":{},"ISSN":["1383-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1383-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Active constituent nonacosane from Sphaeranthus indicus (Asterales: Asteraceae) leaves as a potent larvicidal agent against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Parasitology International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103171","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103171"}}