{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T12:03:33Z","timestamp":1779969813590,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T23:30:44Z","timestamp":1775604644000},"page":"103280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Antiparasitic effect of pomegranate peel extract-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on Blastocystis spp."],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Wesam M.A.","family":"Elgendy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noha O.","family":"Shawky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzan Awad Abd-elGhany","family":"Morsy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaimaa E.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaimaa M.","family":"Hafez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fawzy Mahmoud Abou","family":"Galala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salwa M.A.","family":"Dahesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashraf Fawzy Mosa","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asmaa E.A.","family":"Nasr-Eldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reham G.A.","family":"Anter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2022.108341","article-title":"Blastocystis hominis undergoing programmed cell death via cytotoxic gamma irradiation","volume":"240","author":"Mohammad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12081050","article-title":"Epidemiology of Blastocystis infection: a review of data from Poland in relation to other reports","volume":"12","author":"Rudzi\u0144ska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.21608\/jesp.2023.331732","article-title":"Blastocystis subtype 3 among adolescents with gastrointestinal symptoms in Fayoum governorate, Egypt","volume":"53","author":"Mohamed","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-021-01354-5","article-title":"Detection and molecular identification of Blastocystis isolates from humans and cattle in northern Egypt","volume":"45","author":"Abdo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Parasit. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0025","first-page":"144","article-title":"Evaluation of staining methods versus in-vitro cultivation in diagnosis of Blastocystis hominis","author":"Hegazy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Zagazig Univ. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.21608\/jesp.2024.351359","article-title":"Assessment of microscopic examination and in-vitro culture compared to PCR for diagnosing blastocystosis","volume":"54","author":"Zaki","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.21608\/PUJ.2018.16318","article-title":"Subtype analysis of Blastocystis spp. isolated from domestic mammals and poultry and its relation to transmission to their in-contact humans in Ismailia governorate, Egypt","volume":"11","author":"Mokhtar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasitol. United J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2024.110147","article-title":"Molecular detection and characterization of Blastocystis in herbivore livestock species in Portugal","volume":"327","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-024-03019-8","article-title":"Chronic urticaria associated with Blastocystis hominis infection","volume":"316","author":"Jafari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.58675\/2682-339X.1712","article-title":"Blastocystis species prevalence and associated patient characteristics as predictors among a cohort of symptomatic and asymptomatic Egyptians","volume":"4","author":"Sheishaa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Al-Azhar Int. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2019.e00112","article-title":"Blastocystis ST-1 is associated with irritable bowel syndrome-diarrhoea (IBS-D) in Indonesian adolescences","volume":"6","author":"Kesuma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiol. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105215","article-title":"The neglected role of Blastocystis sp. and Giardia lamblia in development of irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"162","author":"Abedi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2015.9.12444","article-title":"Clinical significance and prevalence of Blastocystis hominis in Van, Turkey","volume":"36","author":"Beyhan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Saudi Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1115835","article-title":"The associated risk of Blastocystis infection in cancer: a case control study","volume":"13","author":"Labania","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2022.106455","article-title":"Evaluation of association with subtypes and alleles of Blastocystis with chronic spontaneous urticaria","volume":"231","author":"Aykur","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-021-02341-9","article-title":"Association of Blastocystis ST6 with higher protease activity among symptomatic subjects","volume":"21","author":"Karamati","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8167","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S272532","article-title":"In vitro effect of silver nanoparticles on Blastocystis hominis","volume":"15","author":"Younis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.2174\/2772434418666221124123445","article-title":"Medicinal plants as natural anti-parasitic agents against Blastocystis species","volume":"18","author":"Mostafa El-Sayed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Recent Adv. Anti-Infect. Drug Discov."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2012.08.005","article-title":"Apoptosis in Blastocystis spp. is related to subtype","volume":"106","author":"Dhurga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5070.113901","article-title":"Blastocystis: consensus of treatment and controversies","volume":"3","author":"Sekar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trop. Parasitol."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3077","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12173077","article-title":"Back to nature: medicinal plants as promising sources for antibacterial drugs in the post-antibiotic era","volume":"12","author":"Abdallah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plants"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0110","article-title":"Pomegranate (Punica granatum L): a fruitful fountain of remedial potential","volume":"15","author":"Kshirsagar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0115","first-page":"1245","article-title":"Pomegranate: a review of the heavenly healer\u2019s past, present, and future","volume":"26","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.28932\/jmh.v1i5.537","article-title":"Effects of pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.) extract as an anthelmintic","volume":"1","author":"Amelia","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2872708","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of anthelmintic activity of edible and ornamental pomegranate ethanolic extracts against Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"2016","author":"Yones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3465","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2018.1481841","article-title":"Leishmanicidal activity of green tea leaves and pomegranate peel extracts on L. infantum","volume":"33","author":"Imperatori","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-1207-9","article-title":"Beneficial effect of Punica granatum peel extract on murine malaria-induced spleen injury","volume":"16","author":"Mubaraki","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Altern. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2019.1692968","article-title":"Nanoparticles for antiparasitic drug delivery","volume":"26","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2023.108460","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of guanabenz-loaded nanoparticles on chronic toxoplasmosis in mice","volume":"246","author":"Abdelhamid Elgendy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-024-01648-4","article-title":"Nematocidal activity of chitosan nanoparticles conjugated with albendazole against the enteral and parenteral phases of trichinosis in experimentally infected mice","volume":"48","author":"Mahgoub","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Parasit. Dis."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25173981","article-title":"Chitosan: a natural biopolymer with a wide and varied range of applications","volume":"25","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-G\u00f3mez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26237136","article-title":"Antimicrobial properties of chitosan and chitosan derivatives in the treatment of enteric infections","volume":"26","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054289","article-title":"Chitosan nanoparticles as oral drug carriers","volume":"24","author":"Guadarrama-Escobar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2019.105045","article-title":"Paromomycin-loaded mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and targeted drug delivery against leishmaniasis","volume":"197","author":"Esfandiari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01772-19","article-title":"Activity of chitosan and its derivatives against leishmania major and leishmania mexicana in vitro","volume":"64","author":"Riezk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0180","first-page":"261","article-title":"Interaction between chitosan and chloroquine against plasmodium berghei and P. falciparum using in-vivo and in-vitro tests","volume":"16","author":"Momenfam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Iran. J. Parasitol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-019-06364-0","article-title":"Inhibitory activity of chitosan nanoparticles against Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts","volume":"118","author":"Ahmed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-017-0973-8","article-title":"Assessment of spiramycin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles treatment on acute and chronic toxoplasmosis in mice","volume":"42","author":"Etewa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Parasit. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00189","article-title":"Effect of chitosan on toxoplasma gondii infection: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Cheraghipour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiol. Control"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28041963","article-title":"Chitosan-based nanoparticles as effective drug delivery systems-a review","volume":"28","author":"Jafernik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.21608\/jesp.2021.165964","article-title":"Therapeutic and immuno-modulatory effect of silver nanoparticles-loaded with metronidazole on experimental blastocystosis","volume":"51","author":"Ahmed","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol."},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0210","first-page":"893","article-title":"The role of artemether as a possible drug for treatment Blastocystis hominis infection: in vivo and in vitro studies","volume":"9","author":"Fahmy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0215","first-page":"11","article-title":"Assessment of Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) therapeutic and prophylactic role in rats experimentally infected with Blastocystis subtype 3 (ST3)","volume":"124","author":"Alkady","year":"2025","journal-title":"JPR"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtb.2016.08.018","article-title":"In vivo study of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract efficacy against Giardia lamblia in infected experimental mice","volume":"7","author":"Al-Megrin","year":"2017","journal-title":"APJTB"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0225","article-title":"Evaluation of anthelminthic activity of both pomegranate peels and Artemisia herba-Alba extracts in comparison with praziquantel in experimentally infected mice with","volume":"26","author":"Abbas","year":"2020","journal-title":"KAAMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11061439","article-title":"Chitosan nanoparticles as a promising nanomaterial for encapsulation of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel extract as a natural source of antioxidants","volume":"11","author":"Soltanzadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0235","article-title":"Effects of a chitosan edible coating containing pomegranate peel extract, nisin, and citric acid on the microbiological, chemical, and sensory characteristics of vacuum-packed rainbow trout fillets","author":"Mehdizadeh","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAFR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0240","article-title":"Characterization of pomegranate peel extract loaded nanophytosomes and the enhancement of bio-accessibility and storage stability","volume":"398","author":"Dundar","year":"2023","journal-title":"JFC"},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0245","first-page":"21712","article-title":"Development of pomegranate extract-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: quality by design approach to screen the variables affecting the quality attributes and characterization","volume":"5","author":"Badawi","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0250","article-title":"Comparative analysis of the phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of different parts of two pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars: \u2018Tunisia\u2019 and \u2018Qingpi\u2019","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4796","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27154796","article-title":"Compositions and biological activities of pomegranate peel polyphenols extracted by different solvents","volume":"27","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.5264\/eiyogakuzashi.44.307","article-title":"Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from glucose amine","volume":"44","author":"Oyaizu","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Jpn. Nutr."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16091555","article-title":"Anti-Blastocystis activity in vitro of Egyptian herbal extracts (Family: Asteraceae) with emphasis on Artemisia judaica","volume":"16","author":"Mokhtar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.01.050","article-title":"In vitro susceptibility of human Blastocystis subtypes to simeprevir","volume":"28","author":"Mossallam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.30802\/AALAS-JAALAS-19-000084","article-title":"Review of rodent euthanasia methods","volume":"59","author":"Shomer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.21608\/puj.2023.202502.1207","article-title":"Anti-Blastocystis in vitro activity and in vivo efficacy of the ethanol extracts of Origanum syriacum L. and Ceratonia siliqua","volume":"16","author":"Al Khalaf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasitol. United J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.21608\/jesp.2019.68145","article-title":"Electron microscopy of Blastocystis hominis and other diagnostic approaches","volume":"49","author":"Elsayad","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06815-z","article-title":"Prevalence, subtypes and risk factors of Blastocystis spp. infection among pre- and perimenopausal women","volume":"21","author":"Kosik-Bogacka","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.23141","article-title":"A simplified method of preparation of mammalian intestine samples for scanning electron microscopy","volume":"81","author":"Skrzypek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microsc. Res. Tech."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.26444\/aaem\/81315","article-title":"Genetic diversity and pathogenicity of Blastocystis","volume":"25","author":"Skotarczak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Agric. Environ. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0305","first-page":"519","article-title":"Epidemiological and diagnostic features of Blastocystis infection in symptomatic patients in Izmir province, Turkey","volume":"9","author":"Dagci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran. J. Parasitol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0310","first-page":"164","article-title":"High occurrence of Blastocystis sp. subtype 3 in individuals referred to medical laboratories in Kermanshah, Iran","volume":"15","author":"Maleki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Hepatol. Bed Bench"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-23360-0","article-title":"Subtypes and phylogenetic analysis of Blastocystis sp. isolates from West Ismailia, Egypt","volume":"12","author":"Ahmed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12111359","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of the enteric protozoan parasite Blastocystis sp. in the Northern Egypt population","volume":"12","author":"Naguib","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-017-1967-x","article-title":"Phytochemical-rich foods inhibit the growth of pathogenic trichomonads","volume":"17","author":"Noritake","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Altern. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10060705","article-title":"Pomegranate peel extract is a potential alternative therapeutic for giardiasis","volume":"10","author":"El-Kady","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0335","first-page":"73","article-title":"In vitro effects of Punica granatum ellagitannins on adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"11","author":"Abozeid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res. Rep. Trop. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11082441","article-title":"Ameliorative effect of neem leaf and pomegranate peel extracts in coccidial infections in New Zealand and V-line rabbits: performance, intestinal health, oocyst shedding, carcass traits, and effect on economic measures","volume":"11","author":"Mohammed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.21608\/jesp.2022.278372","article-title":"The in vitro activity of chitosan nanoparticles versus metronidazole against Blastocystis hominis","volume":"52","author":"Zaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0350","series-title":"Parasites and their Vectors: A Special Focus on Southeast Asia","first-page":"131","article-title":"Romancing Blastocystis: a 20-year affair","author":"Kumar","year":"2013"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00339-16","article-title":"Blastocystis isolate B exhibits multiple modes of resistance against antimicrobial peptide LL-37","volume":"84","author":"Yason","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/genes9080417","article-title":"Membrane surface features of Blastocystis subtypes","volume":"9","author":"Yason","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genes"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-016-4951-3","article-title":"Immunopathological assessments of human Blastocystis spp. in experimentally infected immunocompetent and immunosuppresed mice","volume":"115","author":"Abdel-Hafeez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0370","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Metronidazole","author":"Weir","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2019.151358","article-title":"Intestinal amoebiasis: 160 years of its first detection and still remains as a health problem in developing countries","volume":"310","author":"Carrero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0380","first-page":"397","article-title":"Therapeutic uses of metronidazole and its side effects: an update","volume":"23","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez Ceruelos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx351","article-title":"Metronidazole: an update on metabolism, structure-cytotoxicity and resistance mechanisms","volume":"73","author":"Dingsdag","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00073-22","article-title":"Linolenic acid-metronidazole: a compound relieving drug resistance and inhibiting Helicobacter pylori","volume":"66","author":"Dai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00006-23","article-title":"In vitro susceptibility and resistance of Mycoplasma genitalium to nitroimidazoles","volume":"67","author":"Wood","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.065508-0","article-title":"Treatment failure in patients with chronic Blastocystis infection","volume":"63","author":"Roberts","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7833","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81418-x","article-title":"Comparison of apoptotic responses in Blastocystis sp. upon treatment with Tongkat Ali and Metronidazole","volume":"11","author":"Girish","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212542","article-title":"Resistance towards metronidazole in Blastocystis sp.: a pathogenic consequence","volume":"14","author":"Rajamanikam","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-021-01442-6","article-title":"Influence of Blastocystis hominis on the small intestine and lactase enzyme activity","volume":"46","author":"Basuony","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Parasit. Dis."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182019000696","article-title":"Saccharomyces boulardii inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase genes in the colonic mucosa of rats experimentally-infected with Blastocystis subtype-3 cysts","volume":"146","author":"M\u00e9abed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652015000600002","article-title":"Pathogenicity of Blastocystis sp. to the gastrointestinal tract of mice: relationship between inoculum size and period of infection","volume":"57","author":"Pavanelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05194-x","article-title":"Interactions between Blastocystis subtype ST4 and gut microbiota in vitro","volume":"15","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-022-00628-z","article-title":"Levels of genetic variants among symptomatic Blastocystis subtypes and their relationship to mucosal immune surveillance in the precancerous colons of experimentally infected rats","volume":"68","author":"Hussein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.67292","article-title":"Intestinal goblet cells sample and deliver lumenal antigens by regulated endocytic uptake and transcytosis","volume":"10","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3171","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S318327","article-title":"Role of goblet cells in intestinal barrier and mucosal immunity","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0450","first-page":"28","article-title":"Study on the mechanisms of the intestinal tight-junction destruction caused by Blastocystis hominis infection in rats","volume":"33","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0455","first-page":"27","article-title":"In vivo and in vitro efficacy of Nigella sativa aqueous extract on Blastocystis hominis","volume":"46","author":"Eida","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol."},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35452","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c02586","article-title":"Pomegranate peel phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, methods of extraction, and its application: a comprehensive review","volume":"8","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0465","first-page":"27","article-title":"Intestinal parasitic infections among Egyptian patients with chronic liver diseases at Zagazig University Hospital","volume":"11","author":"Al-Ghandour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Afro-Egypt. J. Infect. Endem. Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0470","first-page":"137","article-title":"Level of liver enzymes in patients with mono-parasitic infections","volume":"3","author":"R. M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. Epidemiol. Microbiol."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0475","article-title":"Metronidazole-induced hepatotoxicity in a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum: a case report","volume":"101","author":"Vanoli","year":"2022"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0480","article-title":"Bismuth subcitrate, metronidazole and tetracycline\u2013a rare cause of drug-induced liver injury","volume":"10","author":"Silva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Case Rep. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0485","series-title":"Biomarkers in Toxicology","first-page":"1","article-title":"Biomarkers of antibiotic toxicity: a focus on metronidazole","author":"Bariweni","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-12230-0","article-title":"Metronidazole induces genotoxicity, hepato-and nephrotoxicity by triggering DNA fragmentation in Swiss albino mice (Balb\/c)","volume":"15","author":"Topal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0495","first-page":"303","article-title":"Histopathological and biochemical alterations of metronidazole-induced toxicity in male rats","volume":"9","author":"Oda","year":"2012","journal-title":"JG"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-023-00869-2","article-title":"Pomegranate peel extract ameliorates metabolic syndrome risk factors in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized double-blind clinical trial","volume":"22","author":"Barghchi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0505","first-page":"41","article-title":"Hepatoprotective effect of pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.) against thioacetamide-induced cirrhosis","volume":"14","author":"Al-Sallami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Exp. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0510","first-page":"13","article-title":"Pomegranate peel extract protects against carbon tetrachloride-induced nephrotoxicity in mice through increasing antioxidants status","volume":"13","author":"Emam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.22159\/ijap.2025v17i3.53619","article-title":"In vitro antimicrobial activity of Punica granatum L. extract and anti-inflammatory activity of nano gel in vivo in Wistar rats gingiva","volume":"17","author":"Syahputra","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Pharm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0520","article-title":"Assessment of the protective effects of pomegranate peel extract and N-acetyl cysteine alone or in combination with Ornipural\u00ae against cadmium-induced bone toxicity in rat","volume":"40","author":"Hatipoglu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eurasian J. Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2013.05.015","article-title":"Comparison of the plaque assay and 50% tissue culture infectious dose assay as methods for measuring filovirus infectivity","volume":"193","author":"Smither","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0530","first-page":"217","article-title":"Assessment of pomegranate peel and seeds extracts antiviral potential and antioxidant activity against HAV and HSV-1 virus models and related in silico computational study","volume":"68","author":"Zakzouk","year":"2025","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/00368504211011839","article-title":"Chitosan nanoparticles as a promising candidate for liver injury induced by 2-nitropropane: implications of P53, iNOS, VEGF, PCNA, and CD68 pathways","volume":"104","author":"Shaheen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Prog."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030857","article-title":"Antioxidant capacity and hepatoprotective role of chitosan-stabilized selenium nanoparticles in concanavalin A-induced liver injury in mice","volume":"12","author":"Bai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0545","first-page":"506","article-title":"Hepatoprotective effects of chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles against biochemical, genetic, and histological disorders induced by the toxicity of emamectin benzoate","volume":"10","author":"Dawoud","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rep. Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-20719-1","article-title":"Chitosan oligosaccharide alleviates renal fibrosis through reducing oxidative stress damage and regulating TGF-\u03b21\/Smads pathway","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.21608\/amj.2022.246585","article-title":"Phytochemical analysis of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) with the evaluation of its efficacy as anti-rancidity of oils, anti-bacterial and anti-candida agent","volume":"51","author":"Sh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Al-Azhar Med. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.1391","article-title":"Pomegranate peel methanolic-extract improves the shelf-life of edible-oils under accelerated oxidation conditions","volume":"8","author":"El-Hadary","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.7799","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of pomegranate peel extracts as affected by cultivar","volume":"97","author":"Rosas-Burgos","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-1132-y","article-title":"Effect of drying on the bioactive compounds, antioxidant, antibacterial and antityrosinase activities of pomegranate peel","volume":"16","author":"Mphahlele","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.12.110","article-title":"Protective effects of Punica granatum (pomegranate) peel extract on concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice","volume":"100","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-8520.119684","article-title":"In vitro antioxidant activity of hydro alcoholic extract from the fruit pulp of Cassia fistula Linn","volume":"34","author":"Bhalodia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ayu"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2344","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3244","article-title":"Influence of extraction techniques on the efficiency of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel extracts in oxidative stability of edible oils","volume":"11","author":"Javani-Seraji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0590","first-page":"504","article-title":"Punica granatum (pomegranate) peel extract pre-treatment alleviates fenpropathrin-induced testicular injury via suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation in adult male rats","volume":"11","author":"Jebur","year":"2023","journal-title":"JT"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252212253","article-title":"The effect of pomegranate peel extract on the oxidative and inflammatory status in the spleens of rats with metabolic syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Rak-Pasikowska","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13877","article-title":"Prevention of aflatoxin B1 toxicity by pomegranate peel extract and its effects on growth, blood biochemical changes, oxidative stress and histopathological alterations","volume":"108","author":"Imbabi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.51966\/jvas.2025.56.3.476-481","article-title":"Protective effects of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) against fipronil-induced lung toxicity in Wistar albino rats","volume":"56","author":"Nakul","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Vet. Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0295129","article-title":"Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of Jordanian pomegranate peels","volume":"18","author":"Sweidan","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Parasitology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1383576926000516?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1383576926000516?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T11:18:21Z","timestamp":1779967101000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1383576926000516"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":122,"alternative-id":["S1383576926000516"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280","relation":{},"ISSN":["1383-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1383-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Antiparasitic effect of pomegranate peel extract-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on Blastocystis spp.","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Parasitology International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103280","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103280"}}