{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T12:02:50Z","timestamp":1779969770192,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T06:15:03Z","timestamp":1775456103000},"page":"103283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Morphometric diversity of Fasciola gigantica in northern Cameroon and in vitro fasciolicidal activity of Combretum nigricans extracts"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Anabelle Carelle","family":"Lemofack Tatseda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Borris Rosnay","family":"Galani Tietcheu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Augustin","family":"Siama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal Dieudonne","family":"Chuisseu Djamen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodore","family":"Betrosse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Issa Yuunoeone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bello","family":"Mohaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Abah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre Michel","family":"Njan Nloga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0005","author":"World Bank Group"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12091076","article-title":"Zoo-sanitary situation assessment, an initial step in country disease prioritization process: systematic review and meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020 in Cameroon","volume":"12","author":"Mouliom Mouiche","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3893","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-020-02333-3","article-title":"Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica coexistence in domestic ruminants in Nigeria: application of a PCR-based tool","volume":"52","author":"Castilla G\u00f3mez de Ag\u00fcero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1645\/19-66","article-title":"Molecular confirmation of a Fasciola gigantica \u00d7 Fasciola hepatica hybrid in a chadian bovine","volume":"106","author":"Evack","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.14.04223","article-title":"Global prevalence of liver disease in human and domestic animals caused by Fasciola: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Lan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/786195","article-title":"Fascioliasis: an ongoing zoonotic trematode infection","volume":"2015","author":"Nyindo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.06.006","article-title":"A review on epidemiology, global prevalence and economical losses of fasciolosis in ruminants","volume":"109","author":"Mehmood","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X19000890","article-title":"A socio-economic study of Fasciola infections in cattle and sheep at the Etoudi slaughterhouse, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon","volume":"94","author":"Takang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Helminthol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.027","article-title":"Liver fluke infection throughout human evolution","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastro Hep Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008443","article-title":"Correction: evaluation of nitazoxanide treatment following triclabendazole failure in an outbreak of human fascioliasis in upper Egypt","volume":"14","author":"Ramadan","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0055","series-title":"Trees and shrubs of the Sahel - their characteristics and uses","author":"von Maydell","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.4103\/2221-1691.256731","article-title":"Antimalarial activities of butanol and ethylacetate fractions of Combretum nigricans leaf","volume":"9","author":"Chinedu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.13189\/app.2025.130308","article-title":"GC-MS analysis, anxiolytic and anti-epileptogenic effects of combretum nigricans leaf extract in laboratory animals","volume":"13","author":"Enegide","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Pharmacol. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.11.025","article-title":"Anthelmintic screening of sub-Saharan African plants used in traditional medicine","volume":"127","author":"Waterman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/2119056","article-title":"In vitro filaricidal properties of aqueous extracts of Combretum nigricans (Combretaceae) on Onchocerca ochengi (Onchocercidae)","volume":"2024","author":"Ignagali","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.31878\/ijcrpp.2021.52.02","article-title":"Evidence supporting the use of combretum nigricans as an antimalarial agent in ethnomedicine","author":"Enegide","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Curr. Res. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.19182\/remvt.36311","article-title":"M\u00e9thodes compar\u00e9es de d\u00e9pistage de Fasciola gigantica chez les bovins dans un abattoir de l\u2019Ouest Cameroun","volume":"73","author":"Kouam Simo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Elev. Med. Vet. Pays Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1762-z","article-title":"Assessing the performance of a Fasciola gigantica serum antibody ELISA to estimate prevalence in cattle in Cameroon","volume":"15","author":"Kelly","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0095","author":"Siama"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0100","first-page":"545","article-title":"Analysis of the dynamics of temperature in the northern part of Cameroon","volume":"12","author":"Bassirou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Climate Chang."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0105","series-title":"Les Races Bovines de l\u2019Adamaoua","author":"Lhoste","year":"1969"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.19182\/remvt.31520","article-title":"Typology of cattle farms in the northern regions of Cameroon","volume":"70","author":"Kouamo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Elev. Med. Vet. Pays Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2023.e00316","article-title":"Coprological and postmortem assessment and economic significance of bovine fasciolosis in cattle slaughtered at tarcha municipal abattoir, southern Ethiopia","volume":"22","author":"Mathewos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiol. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1189","article-title":"Morphological and molecular characterization of Fasciola isolates from livestock in Golestan province, northern Iran","volume":"9","author":"Sharbatkhori","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171267","article-title":"Anthelmintic potential of thymoquinone and curcumin on Fasciola gigantica","volume":"12","author":"Ullah","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182017001445","article-title":"The in vitro anthelmintic activity of the ethanol leaf extracts of Terminalia catappa L. on Fasciola gigantica","volume":"144","author":"Anuracpreeda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012251","article-title":"Anthelmintic effects of some medicinal plants on different life stages of Fasciola hepatica: evidence on oxidative stress biomarkers, and DNA damage","volume":"18","author":"Allahyari","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0140","article-title":"Assessing the efficacy of albendazole against Fasciola hepatica in naturally infected cattle by in vivo and in vitro methods","volume":"8","author":"Babj\u00e1k","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0145","first-page":"299","article-title":"RAPID determination of glycogen and sugars in mosquitoest","author":"Van Handel\u2019","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Arut. Mosq. Control Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0150","first-page":"1067","article-title":"Biochemical evaluation of antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation level associated with liver enzymes in patients with fascioliasis","volume":"77","author":"Jabbar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Razi Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1898-2","article-title":"Identity of Fasciola spp. in sheep in Egypt","volume":"9","author":"Amer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2021.e00114","article-title":"Morphological and molecular characterization of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica phenotypes from co-endemic localities in Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa","volume":"22","author":"Haridwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Waterborne Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1762-z","article-title":"Assessing the performance of a Fasciola gigantica serum antibody ELISA to estimate prevalence in cattle in Cameroon","volume":"15","author":"Kelly","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70097","article-title":"Morphometric and molecular characterization of fasciola spp. in livestock from northwestern provinces of Iran","volume":"10","author":"Galavani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0141-9838.2004.00710.x","article-title":"Hormonal and immunological mechanisms mediating sex differences in parasite infection","volume":"26","author":"Klein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2020.334-337","article-title":"Occurrence of fluke infection in beef cattle around Phayao lake, Phayao, Thailand","volume":"13","author":"Japa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-022-07504-9","article-title":"Body condition scores, fluke intensity, liver pathology, and carcass quality of different dairy cattle genotypes infected with Fasciola species at high throughput abattoirs in South Africa","volume":"121","author":"Mpisana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2020.100126","article-title":"Tolerance of liver fluke infection varies between breeds and producers in beef cattle","volume":"15","author":"Hayward","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.608686","article-title":"An evaluation of the Fasciola hepatica miRnome predicts a targeted regulation of mammalian innate immune responses","volume":"11","author":"Ricafrente","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02579","article-title":"The influence of parasite infections on host immunity to co-infection with other pathogens","volume":"9","author":"Mabbott","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-06701-6","article-title":"Population genetic analysis of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica in German dairy cattle reveals high genetic diversity and associations with fluke size","volume":"18","author":"Hecker","year":"2025","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0210","article-title":"Fasciola gigantica, F. hepatica and Fasciola intermediate forms: geometric morphometrics and an artificial neural network to help morphological identification","volume":"2020","author":"Sumruayphol","year":"2020","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0215","first-page":"1936","article-title":"Life-cycle complexity in helminths: what are the benefits?","volume":"75","author":"Benesh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Evolution (N Y)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06194-9","article-title":"Phytochemical analysis and anthelmintic activity of Combretum mucronatum leaf extract against infective larvae of soil-transmitted helminths including ruminant gastrointestinal nematodes","volume":"17","author":"Belga","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-024-00933-9","article-title":"Ultrastructural changes in the tegument and tissues of Fasciola hepatica adults and their eggs due to the effect of an ethyl acetate extract of Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. spp mexicana","volume":"69","author":"Ezeta-Miranda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(12)60246-9","article-title":"Effects of mirazid\u00ae and myrrh volatile oil on adult Fasciola gigantica under laboratory conditions","volume":"2","author":"Massoud","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1089394","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of Fasciola gigantica excretory and secretory products (FgESPs) co-immunoprecipitated using a time course of infected buffalo sera","volume":"13","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004340","article-title":"Proteomic identification of oxidized proteins in Entamoeba histolytica by resin-assisted capture: insights into the role of arginase in resistance to oxidative stress","volume":"10","author":"Shahi","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2014.08.037","article-title":"Dissection of the binding of hydrogen peroxide to trypsin using spectroscopic methods and molecular modeling","volume":"137","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0250","article-title":"Polyphenolic compounds and digestive enzymes: in vitro non-covalent interactions","volume":"22","author":"Martinez-Gonzalez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecules (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3329\/bjvm.v15i1.34054","article-title":"Nitroxynil uncouples oxidative phosphorylation in the cell mitochondria and a drug wherever injectables are preferred over drenches","volume":"15","author":"Rahman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bangladesh J. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.2478\/helm-2025-0008","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of hydro-ethanolic seed extract of Zanthoxyllum armatum DC to establish its mechanism of action for paralysis of Paramphistomum cervi in continuation with in vivo experimentation in naturally infected goat","volume":"62","author":"Hazarika","year":"2025","journal-title":"Helminthologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0265","article-title":"Effect of some indigenous medicinal plant extracts on Fasciola gigantica in vitro","volume":"74","author":"Kushwaha","year":"2004","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2019.05.011","article-title":"Effects of short and long-term alcohol-based fixation on Sprague-Dawley rat tissue morphology, protein and nucleic acid preservation","volume":"121","author":"Panzacchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Histochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1189","article-title":"Morphological and molecular characterization of Fasciola isolates from livestock in Golestan province, northern Iran","volume":"9","author":"Sharbatkhori","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Sci."}],"container-title":["Parasitology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1383576926000541?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1383576926000541?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T11:14:44Z","timestamp":1779966884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1383576926000541"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["S1383576926000541"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283","relation":{},"ISSN":["1383-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1383-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Morphometric diversity of Fasciola gigantica in northern Cameroon and in vitro fasciolicidal activity of Combretum nigricans extracts","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Parasitology International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103283","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103283"}}