{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T00:14:41Z","timestamp":1788567281274,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001655","name":"German Academic Exchange Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001655","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004493","name":"International Atomic Energy Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004493","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T15:30:35Z","timestamp":1784388635000},"page":"103348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Molecular identification of pathogenic African trypanosome species in livestock from the southern part of Ethiopian Rift Valley"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Kumela Lelisa","family":"Dera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tesfaye Rufael","family":"Chibssa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando Chanisso","family":"Mulandane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise Ribeiro Arthur","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ni\u00f3bio Vasco","family":"Cossa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustave","family":"Simo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0005","series-title":"Veterinary Parasitology","first-page":"874","author":"Taylor","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0010","series-title":"Control and Surveillance of Human African Trypanosomiasis: Report of a WHO Expert Committee","author":"World Health OrganizationOrganization. Expert cCommittee on the cControl, sSurveillance of hHuman African tTrypanosomiasis","year":"2013"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012111","article-title":"The elimination of human African trypanosomiasis: monitoring progress towards the 2021-2030 WHO road map targets","volume":"18","author":"Franco","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0020","series-title":"Report of the Fifth WHO Stakeholders Meeting on Gambiense and Rhodesiense Human African Trypanosomiasis Elimination, Geneva, Switzerland, 7\u20139 June 2023","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2013.10.024","article-title":"Mapping the economic benefits to livestock keepers from intervening against bovine trypanosomosis in eastern Africa","volume":"113","author":"Shaw","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0030","series-title":"Trypanosomes and Trypanosomiasis","first-page":"239","article-title":"Animal African trypanosomosis in sub-Saharan Africa and beyond African borders","author":"Namangala","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.05.003","article-title":"Combatting African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT) in livestock: the potential role of trypanotolerance","volume":"225","author":"Yaro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0279730","article-title":"Prevalence of pathogenic trypanosome species in naturally infected cattle of three sleeping sickness foci of the south of Chad","volume":"17","author":"Vourchakb\u00e9","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.5897\/AJB2002.000-007","article-title":"The diagnosis of trypanosome infections: applications of novel technology for reducing disease risk","volume":"1","author":"Picozzi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05190-1","article-title":"A review on the diagnosis of animal trypanosomoses","volume":"15","author":"Desquesnes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.2217\/17460913.3.2.167","article-title":"New molecular tools for the identification of trypanosome species","volume":"3","author":"Adams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-004-1267-5","article-title":"The use of ITS1 rDNA PCR in detecting pathogenic African trypanosomes","volume":"95","author":"Njiru","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.04.019","article-title":"Identification and genetic characterization of Trypanosoma congolense in domestic animals of Fontem in the south-west region of Cameroon","volume":"18","author":"Simo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00135","article-title":"Molecular identification of diminazene aceturate resistant trypanosomes in tsetse flies from Yoko in the Centre region of Cameroon and its epidemiological implications","volume":"9","author":"Simo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiol. Control."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2923446","article-title":"Prevalence of cattle trypanosomosis and temporal vector distribution in Jima Arjo District, upper Didessa Valley, Western Ethiopia","author":"Abdeta","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2022.e00280","article-title":"Seasonal prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and trypanosome species distribution in Jimma Horo district, Oromia regional state, Western Ethiopia","volume":"20","author":"Efrem","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiol. Control"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e06667","article-title":"Seasonal prevalence of trypanosomosis, Glossina density and infection along the escarpment of Omo River, Loma district, southern Ethiopia","volume":"7","author":"Eyasu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/11786302221101833","article-title":"Study on bovine trypanosomiasis and associated risk factors in benatsemay district, southern Ethiopia","volume":"16","author":"Fesseha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Health Insights."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2022.07.009","article-title":"Study on the prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine trypanosomiasis in Zaba Gazo Woreda, southern Ethiopia","volume":"152","author":"Mathewos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.02.005","article-title":"Developing a progressive control pathway for African animal trypanosomosis","volume":"33","author":"Diall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.805564","article-title":"Seasonal patterns: bovine trypanosomosis, Glossina pallidipes density, and infection in rift valleys of Gamo zone, Southern Ethiopia","volume":"9","author":"Seyoum","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.11.002","article-title":"Bovine trypanosomosis and Glossina distribution in selected areas of southern part of Rift Valley, Ethiopia","volume":"154","author":"Sheferaw","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0115","article-title":"Bovine trypanosomosis, vector distribution and infection rate in three districts of Gamo zone, southwestern Ethiopia","volume":"26","author":"Tsolo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiol. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.2307\/3235768","article-title":"How names are used for vegetation","volume":"3","author":"Eiten","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Veg. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0125","series-title":"Area-Wide Control of Insect Pests: From Research to Field Implementation","first-page":"325","article-title":"Area-wide control of tsetse and trypanosomosis: Ethiopian experience in the southern Rift Valley","author":"Alemu","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0130","series-title":"Applied Veterinary Anatomy","author":"Lahunta","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0135","series-title":"A Guide to Condition Scoring of Zebu Cattle","author":"Nicholson","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0140","series-title":"Veterinary Epidemiology","author":"Thrusfield","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0145","series-title":"Study on Trypanosomosis in Cattle, Sheep and Goats and Assessment of the Impacts of Control Activities in Dawuro Zone, Southern Ethiopia","author":"Mandado","year":"2018"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.3923\/javaa.2010.2061.2066","article-title":"A cross-sectional study of equine trypanosomosis, and its vectors in Wolayta zone, Southern Ethiopia","volume":"9","author":"Mekuria","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Anim. Vet. Adv."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0155","first-page":"384","article-title":"The haematocrit centrifuge technique for the diagnosis of African trypanosomiasis","volume":"27","author":"Woo","year":"1970","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010591722751","article-title":"The distribution of bovine trypanosomosis in Zimbabwe and an evaluation of the value of an anti-trypanosomal antibody detection ELISA as a tool for monitoring the effectiveness of tsetse control operations","volume":"33","author":"Van den Bossche","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-019-01136-0","article-title":"Comparison between different methods of DNA isolation from dried blood spots for determination of malaria to determine specificity and cost effectiveness","volume":"43","author":"Panda","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Parasit. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","article-title":"Basic local alignment search tool","volume":"215","author":"Altschul","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006842","article-title":"A single test approach for accurate and sensitive detection and taxonomic characterization of trypanosomes by comprehensive analysis of internal transcribed spacer 1 amplicons","volume":"13","author":"Gaithuma","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2016.04.012","article-title":"Animal African trypanosomiasis: time to increase focus on clinically relevant parasite and host species","volume":"32","author":"Morrison","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010106","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of animal African trypanosomosis in Southwest Burkina Faso","volume":"16","author":"Houny\u00e8m\u00e8","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.4236\/ojvm.2019.99012","article-title":"Microscopy underestimates the prevalence of trypanosomes\u2019 infection in asymptomatic cattle and sheep in a lowland area within the Kenyan Rift Valley","volume":"9","author":"Ngetich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open J. Vet. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3347\/PHD.22170","article-title":"Molecular epidemiological survey of pathogenic trypanosomes in naturally infected cattle in northern C\u00f4te d\u2019ivoire","volume":"61","author":"Ekra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasites Hosts Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-015-0567-6","article-title":"Heterogeneity in the prevalence and intensity of bovine trypanosomiasis in the districts of Amuru and Nwoya, northern Uganda","volume":"11","author":"Angwech","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0205","article-title":"The study of trypanosome species circulating in domestic animals in two human African trypanosomiasis foci of cote d\u2019Ivoire identifies pigs and cattle as potential reservoirs of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense","volume":"11","author":"Ni\u2019djetchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/4472480","article-title":"Study on prevalence of trypanosomosis in cattle of Sodo Zuriya District, Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia","author":"Hundessa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Parasitol. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3001.231319","article-title":"Reemergence of human African trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Ethiopia","volume":"30","author":"Abera","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1460650","article-title":"Prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and tsetse fly density in the Yem special district: a cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Bekele","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/7284042","article-title":"Prevalence of Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma vivax in Lira District, Uganda","author":"Katabazi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2011182171","article-title":"Trypanosoma vivax, T. congolense \u201cforest type\u201d and T. simiae: prevalence in domestic animals of sleeping sickness foci of Cameroon","volume":"18","author":"Nimpaye","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12579","article-title":"Environmental mutations in the campo focus challenge elimination of sleeping sickness transmission in Cameroon","volume":"36","author":"Melachio Tanekou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0240","first-page":"98","article-title":"Prevalence of trypanosome infection in tsetse flies from Oji River and Emene axis of Enugu state, Nigeria: a preliminary report","volume":"7","author":"Onyekwelu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trop. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2017.07.005","article-title":"Remarkable richness of trypanosomes in tsetse flies (Glossina morsitans morsitans and Glossina pallidipes) from the Gorongosa National Park and Niassa National Reserve of Mozambique revealed by fluorescent fragment length barcoding (FFLB)","volume":"63","author":"Garcia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.02.008","article-title":"Cattle breeding, trypanosomosis prevalence and drug resistance in northern Togo","volume":"236","author":"Tchamdja","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2024.e00371","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis on prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in East Africa","author":"Mulat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiol. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8894188","article-title":"Prevalence of cattle trypanosomosis and apparent density of its fly vectors in Bambasi District of Benishangul-Gumuz regional state, Western Ethiopia","author":"Amante","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0265","article-title":"Epidemiology, risk factors and vector density of trypanosomosis in cattle in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Fenta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiol. Control."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0270","first-page":"1","article-title":"Studies of trypanosomiasis in the Luangwa valley, North-Eastern Zambia","volume":"8","author":"Laohasinnarong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1498-1","article-title":"Animal trypanosomosis in clinically healthy cattle of North Cameroon: epidemiological implications","volume":"9","author":"Mamoudou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11030712","article-title":"Trypanosome infections and anemia in cattle returning from transhumance in tsetse-infested areas of Cameroon","volume":"11","author":"Farikou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0285","first-page":"11","article-title":"Molecular detection of some bovine trypanosome isolates from different areas of Sudan","volume":"31","author":"Osman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sudan Vet. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-024-04436-7","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of rapid diagnostic test and PCR-based diagnostic assay for identification of trypanosomes in cattle of Apac and Kiryandongo districts, Uganda: a cross sectional study","volume":"20","author":"Kizza R. Azuba","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011528","article-title":"Prevalence of blood and skin trypanosomes in domestic and wild fauna from two sleeping sickness foci in southern Cameroon","volume":"17","author":"Magang","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s12210-022-01077-6","article-title":"Parasitological and molecular identification of Trypanosoma species circulating in cattle and tsetse flies in Matutuine District, Maputo Province, Mozambique","volume":"33","author":"Siga\u00faque","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rend. Lincei"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1571947","article-title":"Bovine trypanosomosis and its vectors in three selected districts of Buno Bedele zone of Oromia region, Ethiopia","author":"Gebisa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/5548718","article-title":"Trypanosome infection in cattle and associated vectors in Etang District of Gambella, Ethiopia","author":"Tola","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"044","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2015.044","article-title":"A study on African animal trypanosomosis in four areas of Senegal","volume":"62","author":"Ravel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Folia Parasitol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0320","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bovine trypanosome species prevalence and farmers' trypanosomiasis control methods in South-Western Uganda","volume":"85","author":"Muhanguzi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0325","first-page":"91","article-title":"Occurrence of trypanosome infections in cattle in relation to season, livestock movement and management practices of Maasai pastoralists in northern Tanzania","volume":"12","author":"Kimaro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol. Reg. Stud. Rep."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.04.005","article-title":"The comparative role of cattle, goats and pigs in the epidemiology of livestock trypanosomiasis on the plateau of eastern Zambia","volume":"147","author":"Simukoko","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2025.102304","article-title":"Survey on the prevalence of trypanosomosis in small ruminants and on tsetse distribution in Dedesa and Bedele districts, Buno Bedele zone, Ethiopia","volume":"117","author":"Oche","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2502","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2020.2502-2507","article-title":"Frequency and diversity of trypanosomes in sheep and goats from Mongo County in South Gabon, Central Africa","volume":"13","author":"Maganga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1125-6","article-title":"The role of domestic animals in the epidemiology of human African trypanosomiasis in Ngorongoro conservation area, Tanzania","volume":"8","author":"Ruiz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20337","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-47141-5","article-title":"Prevalence of African animal trypanosomiasis among livestock and domestic animals in Uganda: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis from 1980 to 2022","volume":"13","author":"Rasc\u00f3n-Garc\u00eda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-021-03071-w","article-title":"Apparent density, trypanosome infection rates and host preference of tsetse flies in the sleeping sickness endemic focus of northwestern Uganda","volume":"17","author":"Opiro","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-023-06114-3","article-title":"A scoping review on tsetse fly blood meal sources and its assay methods since 1956 to 2022","volume":"17","author":"Serem","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(01)00503-9","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of trypanosomosis in horses and donkeys in the Gambia","volume":"101","author":"Faye","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0370","article-title":"Prevalence of different trypanosomes in livestock in Blue Nile and West Kordofan states","volume":"203","author":"Mossaad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sudan. Acta Trop."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11090992","article-title":"Molecular identification of trypanosome diversity in domestic animals reveals the presence of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in historical foci of human African trypanosomiasis in Gabon","volume":"11","author":"Boundenga","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1373.040","article-title":"Trypanosomosis in goats: current status","volume":"1081","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1093\/jmammal\/gyaa185","article-title":"Swayne\u2019s hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus swaynei): home range and activity patterns in maze National Park, Ethiopia","volume":"102","author":"Tamrat","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mammal."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001211","article-title":"Characterisation of the wildlife reservoir community for human and animal trypanosomiasis in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia","volume":"5","author":"Anderson","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0395","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessing risk factors for trypanosome infections in cattle in wildlife interface areas in northern Tanzania","volume":"5","author":"Ngongolo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.931078","article-title":"Entomological assessment of tsetse-borne trypanosome risk in the Shimba Hills human-wildlife-livestock interface, Kenya","volume":"9","author":"Ebhodaghe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003921","article-title":"A spatio-temporal model of African animal trypanosomosis risk","volume":"9","author":"Dicko","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0410","series-title":"Collection of Entomological Baseline Data for Tsetse Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management Programmes","author":"Leak","year":"2009"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0415","first-page":"079","article-title":"Influence of seasonal cattle movement on prevalence of trypanosome infections in cattle in the Maasai steppe. Tanzania","volume":"5","author":"Ngongolo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Infect. Dis. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.4236\/ojvm.2014.412038","article-title":"Molecular characterization and prevalence of Trypanosoma species in cattle from a northern livestock area in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire","volume":"4","author":"Kouadio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Open J. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7570","DOI":"10.4314\/jab.v83i1.10","article-title":"Molecular characterization of trypanosomes isolated from naturally infected cattle in the\u201c Pays Lobi\u201d of C\u00f4te d\u2019ivoire","volume":"83","author":"Koffi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2411-2","article-title":"Molecular prevalence of trypanosome infections in cattle and tsetse flies in the Maasai steppe, northern Tanzania","volume":"10","author":"Simwango","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2021.e00218","article-title":"Epidemiological investigation of bovine trypanosomosis in Bedele district, Buno Bedele zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia","volume":"14","author":"Degneh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiol. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.715732","article-title":"Search for selection signatures related to trypanosomosis tolerance in African goats","volume":"12","author":"Serranito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5531537","article-title":"Anaemia associated with trypanosomes infections in cattle of West Gojjam zone, Northwest Ethiopia","author":"Lelisa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2021.e00221","article-title":"Epidemiological investigation of bovine trypanosomosis and distribution of vectors in Jimma zone, Ethiopia","volume":"14","author":"Robi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiol. Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-031621-025153","article-title":"The pathogenesis of African trypanosomiasis","volume":"18","author":"Pays","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol. Mech. Dis."}],"container-title":["Parasitology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1383576926001194?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1383576926001194?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T23:51:38Z","timestamp":1788565898000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1383576926001194"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"references-count":91,"alternative-id":["S1383576926001194"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348","relation":{},"ISSN":["1383-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1383-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Molecular identification of pathogenic African trypanosome species in livestock from the southern part of Ethiopian Rift Valley","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Parasitology International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parint.2026.103348","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103348"}}