{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:39:16Z","timestamp":1792784356137,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"KAKENHI","award":["15K09322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15K09322"]}]},{"name":"Agency for Research and Medical Development","award":["17dk0207030h0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17dk0207030h0002"]}]},{"name":"Agency for Research and Medical Development","award":["17ek0109222h0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17ek0109222h0001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","prd-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parkinsonism & Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,20]],"date-time":"2018-11-20T12:14:12Z","timestamp":1542716052000},"page":"82-87","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Quantification of brain-derived extracellular vesicles in plasma as a biomarker to diagnose Parkinson's and related diseases"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Takuma","family":"Ohmichi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Mitsuhashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harutsugu","family":"Tatebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Kasai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar M.","family":"Ali El-Agnaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiko","family":"Tokuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199810083391506","article-title":"First of two parts","volume":"339","author":"Lang","year":"1998","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199810153391607","article-title":"Second of two parts","volume":"339","author":"Lang","year":"1998","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.51.6.745","article-title":"The relevance of the Lewy body to the pathogenesis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease","volume":"51","author":"Gibb","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxh267","article-title":"Exosomal-like vesicles are present in human blood plasma","volume":"17","author":"Caby","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.04.002","article-title":"Enrichment of prion protein in exosomes derived from ovine cerebral spinal fluid","volume":"124","author":"Vella","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1002\/prca.200700522","article-title":"Oligodendrocytes secrete exosomes containing major myelin and stress-protective proteins: trophic support for axons?","volume":"1","author":"Kr\u00e4mer-Albers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proteonomics Clin. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2015.02.008","article-title":"Exosomes and exosomal miRNAs in cardiovascular protection and repair","volume":"71","author":"Emanueli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-014-1314-y","article-title":"Plasma exosomal \u03b1-synuclein is likely CNS-derived and increased in Parkinson's disease","volume":"128","author":"Shi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3853","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201600756R","article-title":"Cargo proteins of plasma astrocyte-derived exosomes in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"30","author":"Goetzl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Faseb. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.1.1","article-title":"Clinical research criteria for the diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy (Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome): report of the NINDS-SPSP international workshop","volume":"47","author":"Litvan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000324625.00404.15","article-title":"Second consensus statement on the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy","volume":"71","author":"Gilman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10473","article-title":"The unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS): status and recommendations","volume":"18","author":"Movement Disorder Society Task Force on Rating Scales for Parkinson's Disease","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(96)00231-6","article-title":"International cooperative ataxia rating scale for pharmacological assessment of the cerebellar syndrome. The ataxia neuropharmacology committee of the world federation of Neurology","volume":"145","author":"Trouillas","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(89)90219-0","article-title":"Glial cytoplasmic inclusions in the CNS of patients with multiple system atrophy (striatonigral degeneration, olivopontocerebellar atrophy and Shy-Drager syndrome)","volume":"94","author":"Papp","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440324","article-title":"Glial cytoplasmic inclusions in white matter oligodendrocytes of multiple system atrophy brains contain insoluble alpha-synuclein","volume":"44","author":"Tu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.06.008","article-title":"Identification of preclinical Alzheimer's disease by a profile of pathogenic proteins in neurally derived blood exosomes: a case-control study","volume":"11","author":"Fiandaca","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021_bib17","unstructured":"Human Protein Atlas. http:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/ENSG00000132639-SNAP25\/tissue. Accessed on 4 May 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021_bib18","unstructured":"Human Protein Atlas. http:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/ENSG00000079215-SLC1A3\/tissue. Accessed on 4 May 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(94)90038-8","article-title":"Localization of neuronal and glial glutamate transporters","volume":"13","author":"Rothstein","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021_bib20","unstructured":"Human Protein Atlas. http:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/ENSG00000126861-OMG\/tissue. Accessed on 4 May 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.175","article-title":"Identification of distinct circulating exosomes in Parkinson's disease","volume":"2","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.08.024","article-title":"Decreased alpha-synuclein in cerebrospinal fluid of aged individuals and subjects with Parkinson's disease","volume":"349","author":"Tokuda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181fd613b","article-title":"Detection of elevated levels of \u03b1-synuclein oligomers in CSF from patients with Parkinson disease","volume":"75","author":"Tokuda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70014-X","article-title":"\u00e1-Synuclein and tau concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of patients presenting with parkinsonism: a cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Mollenhauer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22928","article-title":"Plasma alpha-synuclein in patients with Parkinson's disease with and without treatment","volume":"25","author":"Duran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.12.006","article-title":"Plasma alpha-synuclein is decreased in subjects with Parkinson's disease","volume":"204","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1159\/000112832","article-title":"Red blood cells are the major source of alpha-synuclein in blood","volume":"5","author":"Barbour","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurodegener. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0123162","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123162","article-title":"Decrease in plasma levels of \u03b1-synuclein is evident in patients with Parkinson's disease after elimination of heterophilic antibody interference","volume":"10","author":"Ishii","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2010.11.004","article-title":"Release of exosomes from differentiated neurons and its regulation by synaptic glutamatergic activity","volume":"46","author":"Lachenal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.20559","article-title":"Regulation of heat shock protein 70 release in astrocytes: role of signaling kinases","volume":"67","author":"Taylor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev. Neurobiol."}],"container-title":["Parkinsonism & Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1353802018305182?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1353802018305182?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:16:55Z","timestamp":1761178615000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1353802018305182"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S1353802018305182"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["1353-8020"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1353-8020","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Quantification of brain-derived extracellular vesicles in plasma as a biomarker to diagnose Parkinson's and related diseases","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Parkinsonism & Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}