{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:37:32Z","timestamp":1793147852860,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]],"date-time":"2010-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1280620800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathologie Biologie"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,9]],"date-time":"2010-02-09T15:12:16Z","timestamp":1265728336000},"page":"258-266","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":356,"title":["Pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"F.V.","family":"Chisari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Isogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.F.","family":"Wieland.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64980-2","article-title":"Rous-Whipple Award Lecture. Viruses, immunity, and cancer: lessons from hepatitis B","volume":"156","author":"Chisari","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pathol.1.110304.100230","article-title":"Immunobiology and pathogenesis of viral hepatitis","volume":"1","author":"Guidotti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6158","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.69.10.6158-6169.1995","article-title":"High-level hepatitis B virus replication in transgenic mice","volume":"69","author":"Guidotti","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5415.825","article-title":"Viral clearance without destruction of infected cells during acute HBV infection","volume":"284","author":"Guidotti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.1.68-76.2003","article-title":"CD8(+) T cells mediate viral clearance and disease pathogenesis during acute hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"77","author":"Thimme","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.13.040195.000333","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus immunopathogenesis","volume":"13","author":"Chisari","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(03)00137-5","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis of hepatitis B","volume":"39","author":"Ferrari","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra031087","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus infection--natural history and clinical consequences","volume":"350","author":"Ganem","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6669","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0401771101","article-title":"Genomic analysis of the host response to hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"101","author":"Wieland","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.177.3.751","article-title":"HLA-A31- and HLA-Aw68-restricted cytotoxic T cell responses to a single hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid epitope during acute viral hepatitis","volume":"177","author":"Missale","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.174.6.1565","article-title":"Cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize an HLA-A2-restricted epitope within the hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid antigen","volume":"174","author":"Penna","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4659","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.10.4659","article-title":"HLA A2 restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to multiple hepatitis B surface antigen epitopes during hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"150","author":"Nayersina","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.3.1047","article-title":"The cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to multiple hepatitis B virus polymerase epitopes during and after acute viral hepatitis","volume":"181","author":"Rehermann","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.8.1263","article-title":"Intrahepatic T cells in hepatitis B: viral control versus liver cell injury","volume":"191","author":"Rehermann","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10445","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.23.10445","article-title":"HLA class I-restricted human cytotoxic T cells recognize endogenously synthesized hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid antigen","volume":"88","author":"Bertoletti","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4447","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.8.4447","article-title":"Human class I supertypes and CTL repertoires extend to chimpanzees","volume":"161","author":"Bertoni","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70289-1","article-title":"Direct ex vivo analysis of hepatitis B virus-specific CD8(+) T cells associated with the control of infection","volume":"117","author":"Maini","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1096-1104","article-title":"The hepatitis B virus persists for decades after patients\u2019 recovery from acute viral hepatitis despite active maintenance of a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response","volume":"2","author":"Rehermann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3984","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.8.3984-3987.2001","article-title":"Degenerate immunogenicity of an HLA-A2-restricted hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope that is also presented by HLA-B51","volume":"75","author":"Thimme","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.23045","article-title":"Lamivudine treatment can overcome cytotoxic T-cell hyporesponsiveness in chronic hepatitis B: new perspectives for immune therapy","volume":"33","author":"Boni","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9652","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00867-09","article-title":"The size of the viral inoculum contributes to the outcome of hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"83","author":"Asabe","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(91)90112-O","article-title":"Antiviral actions of interferon. Interferon-regulated cellular proteins and their surprisingly selective antiviral activities","volume":"183","author":"Samuel","year":"1991","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9369","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.15.9369-9380.2005","article-title":"Stealth and cunning: hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses","volume":"79","author":"Wieland","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7059","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.15.7059-7066.2001","article-title":"DNA microarray analysis of chimpanzee liver during acute resolving hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"75","author":"Bigger","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15669","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.202608199","article-title":"Genomic analysis of the host response to hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"99","author":"Su","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19880515)61:10<1957::AID-CNCR2820611004>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"The replication cycle of hepatitis B viruses","volume":"61","author":"Summers","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.64.1.51-68.2000","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus biology","volume":"64","author":"Seeger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4589","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.10.4589","article-title":"Viral cross talk: intracellular inactivation of the hepatitis B virus during an unrelated viral infection of the liver","volume":"93","author":"Guidotti","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4165","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.9.4165-4173.2000","article-title":"Intrahepatic induction of alpha\/beta interferon eliminates viral RNA-containing capsids in hepatitis B virus transgenic mice","volume":"74","author":"Wieland","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12398","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.26.12398","article-title":"Posttranscriptional clearance of hepatitis B virus RNA by cytotoxic T lymphocyte-activated hepatocytes","volume":"92","author":"Tsui","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/311067a0","article-title":"Live recombinant vaccinia virus protects chimpanzees against hepatitis B","volume":"311","author":"Moss","year":"1984","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3442","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.145.10.3442","article-title":"Cellular immune response to hepatitis B virus-encoded antigens in acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"145","author":"Ferrari","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(91)90074-L","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus antigen-specific T-cell activation in patients with acute and chronic hepatitis B","volume":"13","author":"Jung","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.8.1269","article-title":"The role of virus-specific CD8(+) cells in liver damage and viral control during persistent hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"191","author":"Maini","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3245","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.7.3245","article-title":"Class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes are directly cytopathic for their target cells in vivo","volume":"152","author":"Ando","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1691527","article-title":"Immunobiology and pathogenesis of hepatocellular injury in hepatitis B virus transgenic mice","volume":"248","author":"Moriyama","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80295-2","article-title":"Intracellular inactivation of the hepatitis B virus by cytotoxic T lymphocytes","volume":"4","author":"Guidotti","year":"1996","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3764","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.9.3764","article-title":"Cytotoxic T lymphocytes inhibit hepatitis B virus gene expression by a noncytolytic mechanism in transgenic mice","volume":"91","author":"Guidotti","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9913","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504273102","article-title":"Interferon prevents formation of replication-competent hepatitis B virus RNA-containing nucleocapsids","volume":"102","author":"Wieland","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3570","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.7.3570-3574.2002","article-title":"Inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication by interferon requires proteasome activity","volume":"76","author":"Robek","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308340100","article-title":"Signal transduction pathways that inhibit hepatitis B virus replication","volume":"101","author":"Robek","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6874","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.15.6874-6883.2001","article-title":"Characterization of nuclear RNases that cleave hepatitis B virus RNA near the La protein binding site","volume":"75","author":"Heise","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5767","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.7.5767-5776.1999","article-title":"La autoantigen specifically recognizes a predicted stem-loop in hepatitis B virus RNA","volume":"73","author":"Heise","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.1.474-481.1999","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus RNA-binding proteins associated with cytokine-induced clearance of viral RNA from the liver of transgenic mice","volume":"73","author":"Heise","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.5.2255-2264.2000","article-title":"Relative sensitivity of hepatitis B virus and other hepatotropic viruses to the antiviral effects of cytokines","volume":"74","author":"McClary","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.4.2001","article-title":"Pathogenetic effector function of CD4-positive T helper 1 cells in hepatitis B virus transgenic mice","volume":"159","author":"Franco","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.7.921","article-title":"Natural killer T cell activation inhibits hepatitis B virus replication in vivo","volume":"192","author":"Kakimi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2630","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.4.2630-2637.1998","article-title":"Inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication during adenovirus and cytomegalovirus infections in transgenic mice","volume":"72","author":"Cavanaugh","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.4.529","article-title":"Host-virus interactions during malaria infection in hepatitis B virus transgenic mice","volume":"192","author":"Pasquetto","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.2.289","article-title":"Inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication during schistosoma mansoni infection in transgenic mice","volume":"192","author":"McClary","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7269","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.11.7269-7272.2005","article-title":"Toll-like receptor signaling inhibits hepatitis B virus replication in vivo","volume":"79","author":"Isogawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.2.1227-1236.2003","article-title":"Searching for interferon-induced genes that inhibit hepatitis B virus replication in transgenic mouse hepatocytes","volume":"77","author":"Wieland","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308478100","article-title":"Expansion and contraction of the hepatitis B virus transcriptional template in infected chimpanzees","volume":"101","author":"Wieland","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6599","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.17.6599","article-title":"Is a function of the secreted hepatitis B e antigen to induce immunologic tolerance in utero?","volume":"87","author":"Milich","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14913","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0406282101","article-title":"A function of the hepatitis B virus precore protein is to regulate the immune response to the core antigen","volume":"101","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4186","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.10.4186","article-title":"Wild-type and e antigen-minus hepatitis B viruses and course of chronic hepatitis","volume":"88","author":"Brunetto","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5707","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.11.5707-5719.2004","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of CD8+ T cells specific for structural and nonstructural hepatitis B virus proteins in patients with chronic hepatitis B: implications for immunotherapy","volume":"78","author":"Webster","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20011723","article-title":"Escaping high viral load exhaustion: CD8 cells with altered tetramer binding in chronic hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"195","author":"Reignat","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.68.3.2026-2030.1994","article-title":"Woodchuck hepatitis virus X protein is required for viral infection in vivo","volume":"68","author":"Zoulim","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200113787","article-title":"X-deficient woodchuck hepatitis virus mutants behave like attenuated viruses and induce protective immunity in vivo","volume":"108","author":"Zhang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7231","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.9.7231-7240.1999","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus X protein is both a substrate and a potential inhibitor of the proteasome complex","volume":"73","author":"Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.4.611","article-title":"Mobilizing dendritic cells for tolerance, priming, and chronic inflammation [comment]","volume":"189","author":"Sallusto","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/S0198-8859(99)00030-0","article-title":"Antigen capture, processing, and presentation by dendritic cells: recent cell biological studies","volume":"60","author":"Steinman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0818-9641.2001.01048.x","article-title":"Role of primary intrahepatic T-cell activation in the \u2018liver tolerance effect\u2019","volume":"80","author":"Bertolino","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/nri981","article-title":"Hepatic T cells and liver tolerance","volume":"3","author":"Crispe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.05.005","article-title":"Oscillating CD8(+) T cell effector functions after antigen recognition in the liver","volume":"23","author":"Isogawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3823","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1209559","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: paradigms for viral-related human carcinogenesis","volume":"25","author":"Kremsdorf","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib68","first-page":"243","article-title":"Integration of hepatitis B virus DNA and its implications for hepatocarcinogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Matsubara","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mol Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib69","first-page":"309","article-title":"Mammalian hepatitis B viruses and primary liver cancer","volume":"3","author":"Buendia","year":"1992","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1999.9678","article-title":"Activation of the N-myc2 oncogene by woodchuck hepatitis virus integration in the linked downstream b3n locus in woodchuck hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"257","author":"Bruni","year":"1999","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2004.08.008","article-title":"The win locus involved in activation of the distal N-myc2 gene upon WHV integration in woodchuck liver tumors harbors S\/MAR elements","volume":"329","author":"Bruni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3911","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1206492","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus-related insertional mutagenesis occurs frequently in human liver cancers and recurrently targets human telomerase gene","volume":"22","author":"Paterlini-Brechot","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.054452","article-title":"Large scaled analysis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA integration in HBV related hepatocellular carcinomas","volume":"54","author":"Murakami","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5821","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-2055","article-title":"Alteration of gene expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma with integrated hepatitis B virus DNA","volume":"11","author":"Tamori","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3813","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1206528","article-title":"Integrations of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) into the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene in liver and cervical cancers","volume":"22","author":"Ferber","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/93.15.1171","article-title":"cis-Activation of the human telomerase gene (hTERT) by the hepatitis B virus genome","volume":"93","author":"Horikawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4340","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1208628","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus-related insertional mutagenesis in chronic hepatitis B patients as an early drastic genetic change leading to hepatocarcinogenesis","volume":"24","author":"Minami","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1038\/361742a0","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus transactivator HBx uses a tumour promoter signalling pathway","volume":"361","author":"Kekule","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1827531","article-title":"HBV X protein alters the DNA binding specificity of CREB and ATF-2 by protein-protein interactions","volume":"252","author":"Maguire","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.14.2.989","article-title":"Induction of the DNA-binding activity of c-jun\/c-fos heterodimers by the hepatitis B virus transactivator pX","volume":"14","author":"Natoli","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S56","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.09.016","article-title":"Pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: old and new paradigms","volume":"127","author":"Brechot","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(03)00217-4","article-title":"Characterisation of hepatitis B virus X protein mutants in tumour and non-tumour liver cells using laser capture microdissection","volume":"39","author":"Iavarone","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-2-60","article-title":"HBx M130K and V131I (T-A) mutations in HBV genotype F during a follow-up study in chronic carriers","volume":"2","author":"Leon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3575","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308232100","article-title":"Specific mutations of hepatitis B virus in plasma predict liver cancer development","volume":"101","author":"Kuang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840190403","article-title":"High-level expression of hepatitis B virus HBx gene and hepatocarcinogenesis in transgenic mice","volume":"19","author":"Koike","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2970","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.8.2970","article-title":"A trans-activator function is generated by integration of hepatitis B virus preS\/S sequences in human hepatocellular carcinoma DNA","volume":"87","author":"Caselmann","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/343457a0","article-title":"The preS2\/S region of integrated hepatitis B virus DNA encodes a transcriptional transactivator","volume":"343","author":"Kekule","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1996.0594","article-title":"The hepatitis B virus large surface protein (LHBs) is a transcriptional activator","volume":"225","author":"Hildt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-78-6-1487","article-title":"The hepatitis B virus MHBst167 protein is a pleiotropic transactivator mediating its effect via ubiquitous cellular transcription factors","volume":"78","author":"Caselmann","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(92)90469-6","article-title":"Characterization of the hepatitis B virus preS\/S region encoded transcriptional transactivator","volume":"187","author":"Natoli","year":"1992","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3865369","article-title":"A transgenic mouse model of the chronic hepatitis B surface antigen carrier state","volume":"230","author":"Chisari","year":"1985","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6909","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.19.6909","article-title":"Structural and pathological effects of synthesis of hepatitis B virus large envelope polypeptide in transgenic mice","volume":"84","author":"Chisari","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.60.3.880-887.1986","article-title":"Expression of hepatitis B virus large envelope polypeptide inhibits hepatitis B surface antigen secretion in transgenic mice","volume":"60","author":"Chisari","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90770-8","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B virus transgenic mice","volume":"59","author":"Chisari","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib95","first-page":"3400","article-title":"Hepatocarcinogenesis due to chronic liver cell injury in hepatitis B virus transgenic mice","volume":"50","author":"Dunsford","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12808","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.26.12808","article-title":"Extensive oxidative DNA damage in hepatocytes of transgenic mice with chronic active hepatitis destined to develop hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"91","author":"Hagen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib97","first-page":"620","article-title":"Strong, sustained hepatocellular proliferation precedes hepatocarcinogenesis in hepatitis B surface antigen transgenic mice","volume":"21","author":"Huang","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib98","first-page":"2823","article-title":"Multiple oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are structurally and functionally intact during hepatocarcinogenesis in hepatitis B virus transgenic mice","volume":"52","author":"Pasquinelli","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.2.341","article-title":"Immune pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"188","author":"Nakamoto","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib100","unstructured":"Alter HJ. Transfusion-associated non-A, non-B hepatitis: the first decade. In: Liss AR, editor. Viral hepatitis and liver disease. New York. 1988. p. 534\u201342"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840060533","article-title":"Alcohol and cancer","volume":"6","author":"Lieber","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198511143132004","article-title":"Survival and causes of death in cirrhotic and in noncirrhotic patients with primary hemochromatosis","volume":"313","author":"Niederau","year":"1985","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840080317","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma in type I glycogen storage disease","volume":"8","author":"Limmer","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528509088831","article-title":"Chronic \u2018cryptogenic\u2019 liver disease and malignant hepatoma in intermediate alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency identified by a Pi Z-specific monoclonal antibody","volume":"20","author":"Carlson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198603203141202","article-title":"Risk of cirrhosis and primary liver cancer in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency","volume":"314","author":"Eriksson","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(84)90540-7","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma in primary biliary cirrhosis: detection by alpha-fetoprotein estimation","volume":"87","author":"Melia","year":"1984","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11181","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.122359899","article-title":"Gene expression during the priming phase of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice","volume":"99","author":"Su","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"}],"container-title":["Pathologie Biologie"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0369811409002272?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0369811409002272?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T04:35:04Z","timestamp":1685421304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0369811409002272"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0369811409002272"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.11.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0369-8114"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0369-8114","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]}}}