{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T23:06:10Z","timestamp":1781564770256,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","surgpath.theclinics.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Surgical Pathology Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,23]],"date-time":"2017-09-23T14:15:55Z","timestamp":1506176155000},"page":"823-839","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Practical Approach to the Flattened Duodenal Biopsy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Thomas C.","family":"Smyrk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-306578","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of adult coeliac disease: guidelines from the British Society of Gastroenterology","volume":"63","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.79","article-title":"ACG clinical guidelines: diagnosis and management of celiac disease","volume":"108","author":"Rubio-Tapia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.55.5.393","article-title":"Quantitation of intraepithelial lymphocytes in human duodenum: what is normal?","volume":"55","author":"Hayat","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520310007675","article-title":"Duodenal intraepithelial lymphocyte count revisited","volume":"39","author":"Veress","year":"2000","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.2350\/11-05-0130.1","article-title":"Quantity and distribution of eosinophils in the gastrointestinal tract of children","volume":"9","author":"DeBrosse","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Dev Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12419","article-title":"Duodenal eosinophilia and early satiety in functional dyspepsia: confirmation of a positive association in an Australian cohort","volume":"29","author":"Walker","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-016-4240-0","article-title":"Established and emerging eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases: seeing red and looking ahead","volume":"61","author":"Talley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2004.01775.x","article-title":"Proximal small-bowel mucosal villous intraepithelial lymphocytes","volume":"44","author":"Goldstein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520310008773","article-title":"Villous tip intraepithelial lymphocytes as markers of early-stage coeliac disease","volume":"39","author":"Jarvinen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.04.007","article-title":"Detection of celiac disease and lymphocytic enteropathy by parallel serology and histopathology in a population-based study","volume":"139","author":"Walker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S385","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(11)60594-X","article-title":"Coeliac disease: the histology report","volume":"43S","author":"Villanacci","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2013.57","article-title":"Immunohistochemical stains for CD3 and CD8 do not improve detection of gluten-sensitive enteropathy in duodenal biopsies","volume":"26","author":"Hudacko","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPE89ZPVJTSPWL","article-title":"Gastrointestinal pathology in celiac disease. A case series of 150 consecutive newly diagnosed patients","volume":"138","author":"Brown","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.01.029","article-title":"Clinical and immunologic features of ultra-short celiac disease","volume":"150","author":"Mooney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.171","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective study of duodenal bulb biopsy in newly diagnosed and established adult celiac disease","volume":"106","author":"Evans","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2009.12.023","article-title":"Gluten-free diet and steroid treatment are effective therapy for most patients with collagenous sprue","volume":"8","author":"Rubio-Tapia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2009.151","article-title":"Collagenous sprue is not always associated with dismal outcomes: a clinicopathological study of 19 patients","volume":"23","author":"Vakiani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13592","article-title":"Comparison of clinical features, treatment, and outcomes of collagenous sprue, celiac disease, and collagenous colitis","volume":"32","author":"Lan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.10","article-title":"Mucosal recovery and mortality in adults with celiac disease after treatment with a gluten-free diet","volume":"105","author":"Rubio-Tapia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1309\/EVXT-851X-WHLC-RLX9","article-title":"Histologic follow-up of people with celiac disease on a gluten-free diet: slow and incomplete recovery","volume":"118","author":"Wahab","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.03992.x","article-title":"Complete recovery of intestinal mucosa occurs very rarely in adult coeliac patients despite adherence to gluten-free diet","volume":"29","author":"Lanzini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.09.069","article-title":"Presentation and long-term follow-up of refractory celiac disease: comparison of type I with type II","volume":"136","author":"Malamut","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.10.013","article-title":"Clinical staging and survival in refractory celiac disease: a single center experience","volume":"136","author":"Rubio-Tapia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.2000.00926.x","article-title":"Distinction between coeliac disease and refractory sprue: a simple immunohistochemical method","volume":"37","author":"Patey-Mariaud De Serre","year":"2000","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.5858\/2006-130-1020-ILIAPP","article-title":"Intraepithelial lymphocytosis in architecturally preserved proximal small intestinal mucosa. An increasing diagnostic problem with a wide differential diagnosis","volume":"130","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2013-0261-RA","article-title":"The clinical significance of duodenal lymphocytosis with normal villous architecture","volume":"137","author":"Hammer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2014.01.008","article-title":"Increasing duodenal intraepithelial lymphocytosis found at upper endoscopy: time trends and associations","volume":"80","author":"Shmidt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2010.04477.x","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective study into the aetiology of lymphocytic duodenosis","volume":"32","author":"Aziz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000153","article-title":"Tropical sprue: revisiting an underrecognized disease","volume":"38","author":"Brown","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3180cab60c","article-title":"Gastrointestinal tract pathology in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)","volume":"31","author":"Daniels","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.329","article-title":"A\u00a0cross-sectional study of the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and pathology in patients with common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"111","author":"Jorgensen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2384","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-015-3638-4","article-title":"Gastrointestinal pathologic abnormalities in pediatric and adult-onset common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"60","author":"Lougaris","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-012-0276-2","article-title":"Autoimmune enteropathy: a review and update of clinical management","volume":"14","author":"Gentile","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.05.013","article-title":"Adult autoimmune enteropathy: Mayo Clinic Rochester experience","volume":"5","author":"Akram","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520902783691","article-title":"Autoimmune enteropathy in children and adults","volume":"44","author":"Montalto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.06.003","article-title":"Severe spruelike enteropathy associated with olmesartan","volume":"87","author":"Rubio-Tapia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2015.12.001","article-title":"Olmesartan-associated sprue-like enteropathy: a systematic review with emphasis on histopathology","volume":"50","author":"Burbure","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2015-0204-RA","article-title":"Olmesartan-associated enteropathy. A review of clinical and histologic findings","volume":"139","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31816bf3fe","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil-related gastrointestinal mucosal injury: variable injury patterns, including graft-versus-host disease-like changes","volume":"32","author":"Parfitt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjv227","article-title":"Cancer immunotherapy with anti CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies induces an inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"10","author":"Marthey","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31817150e3","article-title":"Alpha-CTLA-4 mAb-associated panenteritis. A histologic and immunohistochemical analysis","volume":"32","author":"Oble","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv383","article-title":"Toxicities of the anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint antibodies","volume":"26","author":"Naidoo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000525","article-title":"Idelalisib-associated enterocolitis. Clinocopathologic features and distinction from other enterocolitides","volume":"39","author":"Louie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.5858\/134.2.264","article-title":"Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Histopathologic features and clinical correlates in an underrecognized entity","volume":"134","author":"Lappinga","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2014.880182","article-title":"Role of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in severe small intestinal damage in chronic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug users","volume":"49","author":"Muraki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181f3de93","article-title":"Morphologic findings in upper gastrointestinal biopsies of patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"34","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-009-0036-0","article-title":"Esophageal, gastric, and duodenal manifestations of IBD and the role of upper endoscopy in IBD diagnosis","volume":"11","author":"Turner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199910000-00019","article-title":"The histopathology of coeliac disease: time for a standardized report scheme for pathologists","volume":"11","author":"Oberhuber","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.03.019","article-title":"Comparison of the interobserver reproducibility with different histologic criteria used in celiac disease","volume":"5","author":"Corazza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Surgical Pathology Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1875918117301083?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1875918117301083?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T08:20:04Z","timestamp":1659514804000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1875918117301083"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1875918117301083"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-9181"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-9181","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Practical Approach to the Flattened Duodenal Biopsy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Surgical Pathology Clinics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}