{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T16:36:49Z","timestamp":1776184609275,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","surgpath.theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Surgical Pathology Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T17:50:40Z","timestamp":1594749040000},"page":"413-430","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Upper Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Noam","family":"Harpaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandros D.","family":"Polydorides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2019.1656776","article-title":"Clinical significance of endoscopic findings in the upper gastrointestinal tract in Crohn's disease","volume":"54","author":"Dabkowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-007-0062-8","article-title":"Esophageal, gastric, and duodenal manifestations of IBD and the role of upper endoscopy in IBD diagnosis","volume":"9","author":"Turner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.14423\/SMJ.0000000000000373","article-title":"Upper gastrointestinal involvement in Crohn disease: histopathologic and endoscopic findings","volume":"108","author":"Diaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib4","first-page":"147","article-title":"Gastroduodenal Crohn's disease","volume":"16","author":"Kefalas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-2977(96)00063-0","article-title":"Crohn's disease of the upper gastrointestinal tract","volume":"50","author":"Wagtmans","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib6","first-page":"2708909","article-title":"Upper gastrointestinal Crohn's disease: literature review and case presentation","volume":"2019","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Case Rep Gastrointest Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S1052-5157(02)00006-5","article-title":"Upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"12","author":"Isaacs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib8","first-page":"249","article-title":"Duodenal Crohn's disease: an analysis of 89 cases","volume":"84","author":"Nugent","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2013-201885","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease biopsies: updated British Society of Gastroenterology reporting guidelines","volume":"66","author":"Feakins","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610767","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/610767","article-title":"Endoscopic and pathologic changes of the upper gastrointestinal tract in Crohn's disease","volume":"2014","author":"Sakuraba","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1683850","article-title":"Crohn's disease of the esophagus, duodenum, and stomach","volume":"32","author":"Schwartzberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Colon Rectal Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy121","article-title":"Upper gastrointestinal tract involvement in Crohn's disease: frequency, risk factors, and disease course","volume":"12","author":"Greuter","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Crohns Colitis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31805563f3","article-title":"Differentiating ulcerative colitis from Crohn disease in children and young adults: report of a working group of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America","volume":"44","author":"North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib14","first-page":"257","article-title":"Diagnostic role of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"39","author":"Castellaneta","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib15","first-page":"443","article-title":"Upper gastrointestinal mucosal disease in pediatric Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis: a blinded, controlled study","volume":"32","author":"Tobin","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib16","first-page":"636","article-title":"The role of esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the initial evaluation of childhood inflammatory bowel disease: a 7-year study","volume":"35","author":"Abdullah","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2014.10.030","article-title":"The role of endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"81","author":"American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Standards of Practice Committee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000239","article-title":"ESPGHAN revised porto criteria for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents","volume":"58","author":"Levine","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"Suppl A","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5A","DOI":"10.1155\/2005\/269076","article-title":"Toward an integrated clinical, molecular and serological classification of inflammatory bowel disease: report of a Working Party of the 2005 Montreal World Congress of Gastroenterology","volume":"19","author":"Silverberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.082909","article-title":"The Montreal classification of inflammatory bowel disease: controversies, consensus, and implications","volume":"55","author":"Satsangi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib21","first-page":"292","article-title":"Nonspecific granulomatous (regional) esophagitis","volume":"19","author":"Franklin","year":"1950","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1984.03340250053024","article-title":"Landmark article Oct 15, 1932. Regional ileitis. A pathological and clinical entity. By Burril B. Crohn, Leon Ginzburg, and Gordon D. Oppenheimer","volume":"251","author":"Crohn","year":"1984","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000469","article-title":"Crohn's disease of the esophagus: clinical features and treatment outcomes in the biologic Era","volume":"21","author":"De Felice","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200105000-00006","article-title":"Crohn's disease of the esophagus: clinical features and outcomes","volume":"7","author":"Decker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-198602000-00007","article-title":"Crohn's disease of the esophagus","volume":"8","author":"Geboes","year":"1986","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib26","first-page":"442","article-title":"Crohn's disease lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract: correlation between clinical, radiological, endoscopic, and histological features in adolescents and children","volume":"8","author":"Mashako","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib27","first-page":"181","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of upper gastrointestinal mucosal lesions in children with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease","volume":"19","author":"Ruuska","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7819-10-208","article-title":"Isolated Crohn's disease of the esophagus with esophago-mediastinal fistula formation","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21347","article-title":"Lymphocytic esophagitis: a possible manifestation of pediatric upper gastrointestinal Crohn's disease","volume":"17","author":"Ebach","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1309\/7LABLGY08UEM3H26","article-title":"Lymphocytic esophagitis: a histologic subset of chronic esophagitis","volume":"125","author":"Rubio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s10388-018-0649-1","article-title":"Clinical, endoscopic, and histologic characteristics of lymphocytic esophagitis: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Habbal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Esophagus"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000100","article-title":"Lymphocytic esophagitis in children","volume":"20","author":"Sutton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13710","article-title":"Lymphocytic esophagitis: an update on histologic diagnosis, endoscopic findings, and natural history","volume":"1434","author":"Patil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301014","article-title":"Lymphocytic oesophagitis: clinicopathological aspects of an emerging condition","volume":"61","author":"Haque","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/dote\/dox032","article-title":"Desquamative esophagitis: a refractory mucosal injury pattern","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib36","first-page":"548","article-title":"Esophageal involvement in Behcet's disease","volume":"78","author":"Mori","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200012000-00014","article-title":"Esophageal lichen planus: case report and review of the literature","volume":"24","author":"Abraham","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00266","article-title":"The usefulness of indirect immunofluorescence in pemphigus and the natural history of patients with initial false-positive results: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Kridin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.04.024","article-title":"Variations in presentations of esophageal involvement in lichen planus","volume":"8","author":"Katzka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-2050.1999.00073.x","article-title":"Esophageal lichen planus: the Mayo Clinic experience","volume":"12","author":"Harewood","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001394","article-title":"Lymphocyte-predominant esophagitis: a distinct and likely immune-mediated disorder encompassing lymphocytic and lichenoid esophagitis","volume":"44","author":"Pittman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31829dff19","article-title":"Lichenoid esophagitis: clinicopathologic overlap with established esophageal lichen planus","volume":"37","author":"Salaria","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i6.949","article-title":"Lymphocytic esophagitis: still an enigma a decade later","volume":"23","author":"Rouphael","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(99)90114-4","article-title":"Assessment and diagnostic utility of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte phenotype using the specific markers granzyme-B and TIA-1 in esophageal mucosal biopsies","volume":"30","author":"Resnick","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000493","article-title":"Lymphocytic esophagitis with CD4 T-cell-predominant intraepithelial lymphocytes and primary esophageal motility abnormalities: a potential novel clinicopathologic entity","volume":"39","author":"Xue","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001729","article-title":"Endoscopic and histological assessment of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease over a 3-year follow-up period","volume":"66","author":"Ashton","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1010315","article-title":"Endoscopic and bioptic findings in the upper gastrointestinal tract in patients with Crohn's disease","volume":"25","author":"Alcantara","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-012-2072-0","article-title":"Upper gastrointestinal involvement of Crohn's disease: a prospective study on the role of upper endoscopy in the diagnostic work-up","volume":"57","author":"Annunziata","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S1052-5157(18)30044-8","article-title":"Gastritis","volume":"11","author":"Glickman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.008","article-title":"Specific gastroduodenoscopic findings in Crohn's disease: comparison with findings in patients with ulcerative colitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease","volume":"40","author":"Kuriyama","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-009-0146-3","article-title":"Pathology of non-Helicobacter pylori gastritis: extending the histopathologic horizons","volume":"45","author":"Lauwers","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s004280050133","article-title":"High incidence of upper gastrointestinal tract involvement in Crohn's disease","volume":"432","author":"Oberhuber","year":"1998","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1021762","article-title":"Crohn's disease of the stomach and duodenum: a clinical study with emphasis on the value of endoscopy and endoscopic biopsies","volume":"12","author":"Rutgeerts","year":"1980","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2006.02553.x","article-title":"Pathology of non-infective gastritis","volume":"50","author":"Srivastava","year":"2007","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-001-0074-8","article-title":"Emerging gastritides","volume":"3","author":"Weinstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199804000-00001","article-title":"Histology of the stomach and duodenum in Crohn's disease","volume":"22","author":"Wright","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i16.1928","article-title":"Upper gastrointestinal tract involvement of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: a pathological review","volume":"25","author":"Abuquteish","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e318243e3e3","article-title":"Additional value of upper GI tract endoscopy in the diagnostic assessment of childhood IBD","volume":"54","author":"Hummel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2016-218181","article-title":"Crohn's disease presenting as gastric outlet obstruction: a therapeutic challenge?","volume":"2017","author":"Inayat","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2016.12.040","article-title":"Gastric Crohn's disease: a rare cause of intermittent abdominal pain and vomiting","volume":"130","author":"Zhi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02554563","article-title":"Gastric fistulas in Crohn's disease. Report of cases","volume":"32","author":"Greenstein","year":"1989","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(97)70100-7","article-title":"A\u00a0bamboo joint-like appearance of the gastric body and cardia: possible association with Crohn's disease","volume":"46","author":"Yokota","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000786","article-title":"Prevalence of upper gastrointestinal lesions at primary diagnosis in adults with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"22","author":"Horjus Talabur Horje","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13866","article-title":"Oral and upper gastrointestinal Crohn's disease","volume":"33","author":"Laube","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21571","article-title":"Impact of capsule endoscopy on management of inflammatory bowel disease: a single tertiary care center experience","volume":"17","author":"Long","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s12328-017-0759-7","article-title":"The endoscopic findings of the upper gastrointestinal tract in patients with Crohn's disease","volume":"10","author":"Nomura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib67","first-page":"1208","article-title":"The clinical importance of \"bamboo joint-like appearance\" on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for the diagnosis of Crohn's disease","volume":"113","author":"Tanabe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529708996539","article-title":"Focal inflammatory infiltrations in gastric biopsy specimens are suggestive of Crohn's disease. Crohn's Disease Study Group, Germany","volume":"32","author":"Meining","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v112.pm9041230","article-title":"Focally enhanced gastritis: a frequent type of gastritis in patients with Crohn's disease","volume":"112","author":"Oberhuber","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-008-2191-8","article-title":"The clinical significance of focal enhanced gastritis in adults with isolated ileitis of the terminal ileum","volume":"43","author":"Petrolla","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05785.x","article-title":"Focally enhanced gastritis in children with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis","volume":"97","author":"Sharif","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000138182.97366.b4","article-title":"The clinical significance of focally enhanced gastritis","volume":"28","author":"Xin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v112.agast971031","article-title":"Gastroduodenal Crohn's disease: the focus is on focality","volume":"112","author":"Yardley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.01851.x","article-title":"Focal gastric inflammatory infiltrates in inflammatory bowel diseases: prevalence, immunohistochemical characteristics, and diagnostic role","volume":"95","author":"Parente","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-018-2454-6","article-title":"The differential diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori negative gastritis","volume":"473","author":"El-Zimaity","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2014.02.008","article-title":"Pathology and differential diagnosis of chronic, noninfectious gastritis","volume":"31","author":"Polydorides","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.path.2010.05.004","article-title":"Upper gastrointestinal tract in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"3","author":"Goldstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surg Pathol Clin"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529709002994","article-title":"Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and related upper gastrointestinal lesions in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. A cross-sectional study with matching","volume":"32","author":"Parente","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12141","article-title":"The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori gastritis in newly diagnosed children with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"19","author":"Roka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2012.11.003","article-title":"The value of focally enhanced gastritis in the diagnosis of pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"7","author":"Roka","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Crohns Colitis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31826b2a94","article-title":"The clinical significance of focally enhanced gastritis in children","volume":"37","author":"McHugh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31829f03ee","article-title":"Focally enhanced gastritis in newly diagnosed pediatric inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"37","author":"Ushiku","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2010.221","article-title":"Eosinophilic gastritis: histopathological characterization and quantification of the normal gastric eosinophil content","volume":"24","author":"Lwin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz024","article-title":"Eosinophils in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"25","author":"Filippone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3182128512","article-title":"Role of eosinophils in inflammatory bowel and gastrointestinal diseases","volume":"52","author":"Woodruff","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1443-1661.2010.01006.x","article-title":"Diagnosis and clinical course of ulcerative gastroduodenal lesion associated with ulcerative colitis: possible relationship with pouchitis","volume":"22","author":"Hisabe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Endosc"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181f3de93","article-title":"Morphologic findings in upper gastrointestinal biopsies of patients with ulcerative colitis: a controlled study","volume":"34","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20771","article-title":"Diagnostic value of esophagogastroduodenoscopy in patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis","volume":"15","author":"Shen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-007-2143-8","article-title":"Gastroduodenitis associated with ulcerative colitis","volume":"43","author":"Hori","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5913","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i36.5913","article-title":"Diffuse gastroduodenitis and pouchitis associated with ulcerative colitis","volume":"12","author":"Ikeuchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3182582c1d","article-title":"Long-term treatment of patients with a history of ulcerative colitis who develop gastritis and pan-enteritis after colectomy","volume":"47","author":"Hoentjen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2017.06.006","article-title":"Value of upper endoscopic biopsies in predicting medical refractoriness in pediatric patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"66","author":"Sullivan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib93","first-page":"881","article-title":"Regional jejunitis","volume":"38","author":"Gottlieb","year":"1937","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(05)70276-0","article-title":"Crohn's disease of the foregut","volume":"81","author":"Reynolds","year":"2001","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.18.2.115","article-title":"Crohn's disease of the duodenum","volume":"18","author":"Nugent","year":"1977","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02232289","article-title":"Crohn's disease of the duodenum (transmural duodenitis): clinical manifestations. Report of 11 cases","volume":"17","author":"Farmer","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am J Dig Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21356","article-title":"Frequent occurrence of gastritis and duodenitis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"17","author":"Sonnenberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02258230","article-title":"Gastroduodenal fistulas in Crohn's disease: clinical features and management","volume":"41","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.45_12784","article-title":"Ram's horn sign: gastric antrum in Crohn's disease","volume":"62","author":"Xiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Imaging Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.123.2.242","article-title":"Crohn's disease of the stomach: the \"ram's horn\" sign","volume":"123","author":"Farman","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1159\/000494922","article-title":"Gastric focal neutrophil infiltration and wide duodenal gastric foveolar metaplasia are histologic discriminative markers for Crohn's disease and Behcet's disease","volume":"100","author":"Akemoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib102","first-page":"115","article-title":"Histological findings in gastroduodenal mucosa in patients with Crohn's disease. Any diagnostic significance?","volume":"47","author":"Jaskiewicz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pol J Pathol"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(79)91334-9","article-title":"Small intestinal biopsy in a patient with Crohn's disease of the duodenum. The spectrum of abnormal findings in the absence of granulomas","volume":"76","author":"Schuffler","year":"1979","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPBKQND4SHVX9Q","article-title":"Normal villous architecture with increased intraepithelial lymphocytes: a duodenal manifestation of Crohn disease","volume":"143","author":"Patterson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(60)80145-X","article-title":"Ulcerative duodenitis and chronic ulcerative colitis: report of two cases","volume":"38","author":"Thompson","year":"1960","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200010000-00011","article-title":"Diffuse duodenitis associated with ulcerative colitis","volume":"24","author":"Valdez","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200102000-00018","article-title":"Ulcerative duodenitis accompanying ulcerative colitis","volume":"32","author":"Terashima","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200401000-00011","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis associated enteritis: is ulcerative colitis always confined to the colon?","volume":"38","author":"Rubenstein","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2005.04162.x","article-title":"Images of interest. Gastrointestinal: small bowel inflammation and ulcerative colitis","volume":"20","author":"Kawai","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-009-0910-5","article-title":"Modulation of Th1\/Th2 balance by infliximab rescues postoperative occurrence of small-intestinal inflammation associated with ulcerative colitis","volume":"55","author":"Akitake","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1443-1661.2012.01398.x","article-title":"Diffuse gastroduodenitis associated with ulcerative colitis: treatment by infliximab","volume":"25","author":"Chiba","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dig Endosc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.5217\/ir.2018.00122","article-title":"Remission of diffuse ulcerative duodenitis in a patient with ulcerative colitis after infliximab therapy: a case study and review of the literature","volume":"17","author":"Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Intest Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13992","article-title":"Gastrointestinal: ulcerative colitis-associated duodenitis","volume":"33","author":"Willington","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(94)70059-1","article-title":"The natural history of esophageal Crohn's disease: three patterns of evolution","volume":"40","author":"D'Haens","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib115","first-page":"1198","article-title":"Long-term experience with 6-mercaptopurine in the treatment of Crohn's disease","volume":"88","author":"Korelitz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.11.048","article-title":"Efficacy of endoscopic dilation of gastroduodenal Crohn's disease strictures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data","volume":"17","author":"Bettenworth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjx078","article-title":"Efficacy, safety, and long-term outcome of serial endoscopic balloon dilation for upper gastrointestinal Crohn's disease-associated strictures: a cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Crohns Colitis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2015.07.004","article-title":"Crohn's disease of the foregut","volume":"95","author":"Davis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"}],"container-title":["Surgical Pathology Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1875918120300295?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1875918120300295?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T14:41:05Z","timestamp":1761748865000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1875918120300295"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1875918120300295"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-9181"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-9181","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Upper Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Surgical Pathology Clinics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.path.2020.05.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}