{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T06:52:13Z","timestamp":1780469533700,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","pathologyjournal.rcpa.edu.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T11:20:05Z","timestamp":1635160805000},"page":"147-156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The path(ology) from reflux oesophagitis to Barrett oesophagus to oesophageal adenocarcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Kevan J.","family":"Salimian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Birkness-Gartman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2140-3514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin M.","family":"Waters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.051821","article-title":"Epidemiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review","volume":"54","author":"Dent","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.08.063","article-title":"Burden and cost of gastrointestinal, liver, and pancreatic diseases in the United States: update 2018","volume":"156","author":"Peery","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314722","article-title":"Modern diagnosis of GERD: the Lyon consensus","volume":"67","author":"Gyawali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00630.x","article-title":"The Montreal definition and classification of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a global evidence-based consensus","volume":"101","author":"Vakil","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.033290","article-title":"Gastro-oesophageal reflux monitoring: review and consensus report on detection and definitions of acid, non-acid, and gas reflux","volume":"53","author":"Sifrim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.2008.S1","article-title":"An evidence-based appraisal of reflux disease management--the Genval Workshop Report","volume":"44","author":"Dent","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1309\/7LABLGY08UEM3H26","article-title":"Lymphocytic esophagitis: a histologic subset of chronic esophagitis","volume":"125","author":"Rubio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1309\/D3PCF6D6YYMQRX9A","article-title":"Lymphocytic esophagitis: a chronic or recurring pattern of esophagitis resembling allergic contact dermatitis","volume":"130","author":"Purdy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib9","article-title":"Lymphocytic esophagitis: current understanding and controversy","author":"Pittman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31829dff19","article-title":"Lichenoid esophagitis: clinicopathologic overlap with established esophageal lichen planus","volume":"37","author":"Salaria","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001394","article-title":"Lymphocyte-predominant esophagitis: a distinct and likely immune-mediated disorder encompassing lymphocytic and lichenoid esophagitis","volume":"44","author":"Pittman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.18003815005","article-title":"Chronic peptic ulcer of the oesophagus and \u201coesophagitis","volume":"38","author":"Barrett","year":"1950","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.322","article-title":"ACG clinical guideline: diagnosis and management of Barrett\u2019s esophagus","volume":"111","author":"Shaheen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.01.031","article-title":"American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement on the management of Barrett\u2019s esophagus","volume":"140","author":"Spechler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12913","article-title":"Australian clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of Barrett\u2019s esophagus and early esophageal adenocarcinoma","volume":"30","author":"Whiteman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.130","article-title":"Epidemiology and natural history of intestinal metaplasia of the gastroesophageal junction and Barrett\u2019s esophagus: a population-based study","volume":"106","author":"Jung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2018.09.013","article-title":"Some observations on Barrett esophagus and associated dysplasia","volume":"37","author":"Montgomery","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-018-5151-z","article-title":"Histology of barrett\u2019s metaplasia: do goblet cells matter?","volume":"63","author":"Odze","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.390","article-title":"Definition of Barrett\u2019s esophagus: time for a rethink--is intestinal metaplasia dead?","volume":"104","author":"Riddell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-305372","article-title":"British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on the diagnosis and management of Barrett\u2019s oesophagus","volume":"63","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10388-016-0551-7","article-title":"Japanese Classification of Esophageal Cancer, 11th Edition: Part I","volume":"14","author":"Japan Esophageal Society","year":"2017","journal-title":"Esophagus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31822a5a2c","article-title":"Columnar-lined esophagus without intestinal metaplasia has no proven risk of adenocarcinoma","volume":"36","author":"Chandrasoma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djr203","article-title":"Risk of malignant progression in Barrett\u2019s esophagus patients: results from a large population-based study","volume":"103","author":"Bhat","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000601","article-title":"Intestinal metaplasia is present in most if not all patients who have undergone endoscopic mucosal resection for esophageal adenocarcinoma","volume":"40","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000971","article-title":"Definition of Barrett esophagus in the United States: support for retention of a requirement for goblet cells","volume":"42","author":"Salimian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastro.2005.05.055","article-title":"The perception of cancer risk in patients with prevalent Barrett\u2019s esophagus enrolled in an endoscopic surveillance program","volume":"129","author":"Shaheen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2009.02.024","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in patients with Barrett\u2019s esophagus: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Crockett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520701420735","article-title":"Barrett\u2019s oesophagus: intestinal metaplasia is not essential for cancer risk","volume":"42","author":"Kelty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.85","article-title":"Metaplastic esophageal columnar epithelium without goblet cells shows DNA content abnormalities similar to goblet cell-containing epithelium","volume":"104","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01230.x","article-title":"Detection of intestinal metaplasia in Barrett\u2019s esophagus: an observational comparator study suggests the need for a minimum of eight biopsies","volume":"102","author":"Harrison","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.08.053","article-title":"Prevalence of Barrett\u2019s esophagus in the general population: an endoscopic study","volume":"129","author":"Ronkainen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.05.009","article-title":"Central adiposity is associated with increased risk of esophageal inflammation, metaplasia, and adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.3060","article-title":"Trends in obesity and severe obesity prevalence in US youth and adults by sex and age, 2007-2008 to 2015-2016","volume":"319","author":"Hales","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.10.034","article-title":"Tobacco smoking increases the risk of high-grade dysplasia and cancer among patients with Barrett\u2019s esophagus","volume":"142","author":"Coleman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22451","article-title":"Clinical and endoscopic factors predict higher pathologic grades of Barrett dysplasia","volume":"109","author":"Anandasabapathy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.014","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitors reduce the risk of neoplastic progression in patients with Barrett\u2019s esophagus","volume":"11","author":"Kastelein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.05.007","article-title":"Association between length of Barrett\u2019s esophagus and risk of high-grade dysplasia or adenocarcinoma in patients without dysplasia","volume":"11","author":"Anaparthy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1103042","article-title":"Incidence of adenocarcinoma among patients with Barrett\u2019s esophagus","volume":"365","author":"Hvid-Jensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn121","article-title":"The incidence of esophageal cancer and high-grade dysplasia in Barrett\u2019s esophagus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"168","author":"Yousef","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300730","article-title":"The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma in non-dysplastic Barrett\u2019s oesophagus: a meta-analysis","volume":"61","author":"Desai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.176701","article-title":"Risk of malignant progression in patients with Barrett\u2019s oesophagus: a Dutch nationwide cohort study","volume":"59","author":"de Jonge","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X14551640","article-title":"The impact of uncertainty in Barrett\u2019s esophagus progression rates on hypothetical screening and treatment decisions","volume":"35","author":"Kroep","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.045","article-title":"An accurate cancer incidence in Barrett\u2019s esophagus: a best estimate using published data and modeling","volume":"149","author":"Kroep","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.171","article-title":"Low-grade dysplasia in Barrett\u2019s esophagus: overdiagnosed and underestimated","volume":"105","author":"Curvers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.10.041","article-title":"Discordance among pathologists in the United States and Europe in diagnosis of low-grade dysplasia for patients with Barrett\u2019s esophagus","volume":"152","author":"Vennalaganti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001066","article-title":"Improved progression prediction in Barrett\u2019s esophagus with low-grade dysplasia using specific histologic criteria","volume":"42","author":"Ten Kate","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.02020.x","article-title":"Poor interobserver agreement in the distinction of high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma in pretreatment Barrett\u2019s esophagus biopsies","volume":"103","author":"Downs-Kelly","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3383","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.03348.x","article-title":"The diagnosis of low-grade dysplasia in Barrett\u2019s esophagus and its implications for disease progression","volume":"95","author":"Skacel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000988","article-title":"Substantial interobserver agreement in the diagnosis of dysplasia in Barrett esophagus upon review of a patient\u2019s entire set of biopsies","volume":"42","author":"Salomao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-307278","article-title":"Barrett\u2019s oesophagus patients with low-grade dysplasia can be accurately risk-stratified after histological review by an expert pathology panel","volume":"64","author":"Duits","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001162","article-title":"Refined criteria for separating low-grade dysplasia and nondysplastic Barrett esophagus reduce equivocal diagnoses and improve prediction of patient outcome: a 10-year review","volume":"42","author":"Waters","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2012.10.004","article-title":"Distinguishing Barrett gastric foveolar dysplasia from reactive cardiac mucosa in gastroesophageal reflux disease","volume":"44","author":"Patil","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2009.147","article-title":"Grading of gastric foveolar-type dysplasia in Barrett\u2019s esophagus","volume":"23","author":"Mahajan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2010.59","article-title":"Foveolar type dysplasia in Barrett esophagus","volume":"23","author":"Brown","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e318198a1d4","article-title":"Nonadenomatous dysplasia in barrett esophagus: a clinical, pathologic, and DNA content flow cytometric study","volume":"33","author":"Rucker-Schmidt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib56","first-page":"154","article-title":"Observations of different patterns of dysplasia in Barretts esophagus - a first step to harmonize grading","volume":"52","author":"Vieth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cesk Patol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200604000-00001","article-title":"Crypt dysplasia with surface maturation: a clinical, pathologic, and molecular study of a Barrett\u2019s esophagus cohort","volume":"30","author":"Lomo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.27.9.1062","article-title":"Histological and histochemical changes in the columnar lined (Barrett\u2019s) oesophagus","volume":"27","author":"Rothery","year":"1986","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.37.6.607","article-title":"Mucin histochemistry of the columnar epithelium of the oesophagus (Barrett\u2019s oesophagus): a prospective biopsy study","volume":"37","author":"Peuchmaur","year":"1984","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-019-05586-7","article-title":"Aberrant p53 immunostaining in Barrett\u2019s esophagus predicts neoplastic progression: systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"64","author":"Snyder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-06-0010","article-title":"Clinical use of p53 in Barrett\u2019s esophagus","volume":"15","author":"Keswani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3880324","article-title":"p53 gene mutation and protein accumulation during neoplastic progression in Barrett\u2019s esophagus","volume":"14","author":"Bian","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12956","article-title":"Dysplasia in Barrett\u2019s oesophagus: p53 immunostaining is more reproducible than haematoxylin and eosin diagnosis and improves overall reliability, while grading is poorly reproducible","volume":"69","author":"Kaye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13462","article-title":"Improved diagnostic stratification of digitised Barrett\u2019s oesophagus biopsies by p53 immunohistochemical staining","volume":"72","author":"van der Wel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2508","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.06032.x","article-title":"p53 expression in low grade dysplasia in Barrett\u2019s esophagus: correlation with interobserver agreement and disease progression","volume":"97","author":"Skacel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.03851.x","article-title":"p53 protein overexpression in low grade dysplasia (LGD) in Barrett\u2019s esophagus: immunohistochemical marker predictive of progression","volume":"96","author":"Weston","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.437","article-title":"Aneuploidy and overexpression of Ki67 and p53 as markers for neoplastic progression in Barrett\u2019s esophagus: a case-control study","volume":"104","author":"Sikkema","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2018.12.415","article-title":"Patterns of p53 immunoreactivity in non-neoplastic and neoplastic Barrett\u2019s mucosa of the oesophagus: in-depth evaluation in endoscopic mucosal resections","volume":"51","author":"Toon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.083295","article-title":"TP53 and progression from Barrett\u2019s metaplasia to oesophageal adenocarcinoma in a UK population cohort","volume":"55","author":"Murray","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000819","article-title":"The use of ancillary stains in the diagnosis of Barrett esophagus and Barrett esophagus-associated dysplasia: recommendations from the Rodger C. Haggitt Gastrointestinal Pathology Society","volume":"41","author":"Srivastava","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3343","article-title":"Paired exome analysis of Barrett\u2019s esophagus and adenocarcinoma","volume":"47","author":"Stachler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1033-y","article-title":"Genomic copy number predicts esophageal cancer years before transformation","volume":"26","author":"Killcoyne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2016.219","article-title":"Genetic progression of Barrett\u2019s oesophagus to oesophageal adenocarcinoma","volume":"115","author":"Gregson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102765","article-title":"Aneuploidy in targeted endoscopic biopsies outperforms other tissue biomarkers in the prediction of histologic progression of Barrett\u2019s oesophagus: a multi-centre prospective cohort study","volume":"56","author":"Hadjinicolaou","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"doy099","DOI":"10.1093\/dote\/doy099","article-title":"Wide-area transepithelial sampling with computer-assisted 3-dimensional analysis (WATS) markedly improves detection of esophageal dysplasia and Barrett\u2019s esophagus: analysis from a prospective multicenter community-based study","volume":"32","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640617746298","article-title":"Increased detection of Barrett\u2019s esophagus and esophageal dysplasia with adjunctive use of wide-area transepithelial sample with three-dimensional computer-assisted analysis (WATS)","volume":"6","author":"Gross","year":"2018","journal-title":"United Eur Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib77","first-page":"164","article-title":"WATS3D versus forceps biopsy in screening for Barrett\u2019s esophagus: experience in community endoscopy centers","volume":"34","author":"Agha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib78","first-page":"209","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dji024","article-title":"The role of overdiagnosis and reclassification in the marked increase of esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence","volume":"97","author":"Pohl","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3155","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds181","article-title":"The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma continues to rise: analysis of period and birth cohort effects on recent trends","volume":"23","author":"Thrift","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302412","article-title":"A\u00a0global assessment of the oesophageal adenocarcinoma epidemic","volume":"62","author":"Edgren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-018-5068-6","article-title":"Barrett\u2019s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma: how common are they really?","volume":"63","author":"Thrift","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S24","DOI":"10.1097\/CEJ.0000000000000308","article-title":"Trends in net survival from esophageal cancer in six European Latin countries: results from the SUDCAN population-based study","volume":"26","author":"Launoy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(96)70086-X","article-title":"Preoperative staging of superficial esophageal carcinoma: comparison of an ultrasound probe and standard endoscopic ultrasonography","volume":"44","author":"Hasegawa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.08.020","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound does not accurately stage early adenocarcinoma or high-grade dysplasia of the esophagus","volume":"8","author":"Young","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2019.03.014","article-title":"Optimizing histopathologic evaluation of EMR specimens of Barrett\u2019s esophagus-related neoplasia: a randomized study of 3 specimen handling methods","volume":"90","author":"Overwater","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31815bf8c7","article-title":"Muscularis mucosae duplication and the musculo-fibrous anomaly in endoscopic mucosal resections for Barrett esophagus: implications for staging of adenocarcinoma","volume":"32","author":"Lewis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2019.0033","article-title":"Esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancers, version 2.2019, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology","volume":"17","author":"Ajani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Natl Compr Cancer Netw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.69.4836","article-title":"HER2 testing and clinical decision making in gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma: guideline from the College of American Pathologists, Society for Clinical Pathology, and the American Society of Clinical Oncology","volume":"35","author":"Bartley","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61121-X","article-title":"Trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer (ToGA): a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial","volume":"376","author":"Bang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2018-0043-OA","article-title":"Clinical utility of the combined positive score for programmed death ligand-1 expression and the approval of pembrolizumab for treatment of gastric cancer","volume":"143","author":"Kulangara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14020151","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibition in oesophago-gastric carcinoma","volume":"14","author":"H\u00f6gner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-2980","article-title":"Efficacy of pembrolizumab monotherapy for advanced gastric\/gastroesophageal junction cancer with programmed death ligand 1 combined positive score \u226510","volume":"27","author":"Wainberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"}],"container-title":["Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031302521004827?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031302521004827?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T16:28:36Z","timestamp":1758472116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031302521004827"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031302521004827"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3025"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3025","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The path(ology) from reflux oesophagitis to Barrett oesophagus to oesophageal adenocarcinoma","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pathology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.08.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}