{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T11:40:03Z","timestamp":1791114003109,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]],"date-time":"2004-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1088640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,21]],"date-time":"2004-06-21T15:11:00Z","timestamp":1087830660000},"page":"465-471","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Sexually dimorphic effects of postnatal allopregnanolone on the development of anxiety behavior after early deprivation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Betty","family":"Zimmerberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth W","family":"Kajunski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1159\/000126953","article-title":"Time-dependent changes in rat brain neuroactive steroid concentrations and GABAA receptor function after acute stress","volume":"63","author":"Barbaccia","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(05)80220-9","article-title":"Frank Beach's research on the sexual differentiation of behavior and his struggle with the \u201corganizational\u201d hypothesis","volume":"14","author":"Baum","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(91)90761-J","article-title":"Anxiolytic effects of 3\u03b1-hydroxy-5\u03b1[\u03b2]-pregnan-20-one: endogenous metabolites of progesterone that are active at the GABAA receptor","volume":"561","author":"Bitran","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.1995.tb00744.x","article-title":"Anxiolytic effect of progesterone is mediated by the neurosteroid allopregnanolone at brain GABAA receptors","volume":"7","author":"Bitran","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(99)00110-4","article-title":"The effects of early rearing environment on the development of GABAa and central benzodiazepine receptor levels and novelty-induced fearfulness in the rat","volume":"22","author":"Caldji","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(98)00048-1","article-title":"Sexual differentiation modifies the allopregnanolone anxiolytic actions in rats","volume":"24","author":"Fernandez-Guasti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(01)00125-4","article-title":"Role of allopregnanolone in regulation of GABA(A) receptor plasticity during long-term exposure to and withdrawal from progesterone","volume":"37","author":"Follesa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(01)00315-1","article-title":"Social isolation stress during the third week of life has age-dependent effects of spatial learning in rats","volume":"128","author":"Frisone","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(00)00392-0","article-title":"Estrous cycle and sex differences in performance on anxiety tasks coincide with increases in hippocampal progesterone and 3 alpha, 5 alpha-THP","volume":"67","author":"Frye","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(01)00242-5","article-title":"3-Alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one levels and GABA(A) receptor-mediated 36Cl(\u2212) flux across development in rat cerebral cortex","volume":"131","author":"Grobin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.102.045120","article-title":"Anxiogenic effects of neurosteroid exposure: sex differences and altered GABAA receptor pharmacology in adult rats","volume":"305","author":"Gulinello","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(01)02565-3","article-title":"Short-term exposure to a neuroactive steroid increases alpha4 GABA(A) receptor subunit levels in association with increased anxiety in the female rat","volume":"910","author":"Gulinello","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00442234","article-title":"Decreased in vivo binding to brain benzodiazepine receptors during social isolation","volume":"97","author":"Insel","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(91)90039-Q","article-title":"Sex difference in animal tests of anxiety","volume":"49","author":"Johnston","year":"1990","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.110.6.1435","article-title":"Repeated isolation in the neonatal rat produces alterations in behavior and ventral striatal dopamine release in the juvenile after amphetamine challenge","volume":"10","author":"Kehoe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(00)00106-1","article-title":"Central allopregnanolone is increased in rat pups in response to repeated, short episodes of neonatal isolation","volume":"124","author":"Kehoe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(99)00041-3","article-title":"Endogenous levels of 5 alpha-reduced progestins and androgens in fetal vs. adult rat brains","volume":"115","author":"Kellogg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(99)00150-1","article-title":"The maternal separation paradigm and adult emotionality and cognition in male and female Wistar rats","volume":"64","author":"Lehmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1515\/REVNEURO.2000.11.4.383","article-title":"Long-term biobehavioral effects of maternal separation in the rat: consistent or confusing?","volume":"11","author":"Lehmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(96)00246-6","article-title":"Influence of early postnatal gonadal hormones on anxiety in adult male rats","volume":"60","author":"Lucion","year":"1996","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(92)90025-A","article-title":"Neurosteroids: endogenous bimodal modulators of the GABAa receptor: mechanism of action and physiological significance","volume":"38","author":"Majeska","year":"1992","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(95)02069-1","article-title":"Repeated maternal separation of preweanling rats attenuates behavioral responses to primary and conditioned incentives in adulthood","volume":"59","author":"Matthews","year":"1996","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(99)00005-X","article-title":"Short- and long-periods of neonatal maternal separation differentially affect anxiety and feeding in adult rats: gender-dependent effects","volume":"113","author":"McIntosh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(03)00287-2","article-title":"Gender differences in the regulation of 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in rat brain and sensitivity to neurosteroid-mediated stress protection","volume":"120","author":"Mitev","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(03)00133-3","article-title":"Anti-conflict-like actions of intralateral septal infusions of allopregnanolone in Wistar rats","volume":"75","author":"Molina-Hernandez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119261","article-title":"Neonatal treatment of rats with the neuroactive steroid tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC) abolishes the behavioral and neuroendocrine consequences of adverse early life events","volume":"99","author":"Patchev","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.6.6.1347506","article-title":"Neuroactive steroids","volume":"6","author":"Paul","year":"1992","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(99)00181-9","article-title":"In vivo evidence of early neurosteroid synthesis in the developing rat central nervous system and placenta","volume":"120","author":"Pomata","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(03)00009-5","article-title":"Long-term neurobehavioural impact of the postnatal environment in rats: manipulations, effects and mediating mechanisms","volume":"27","author":"Pryce","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.117.5.883","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of early handling and early deprivation on conditioned stimulus, context, and spatial learning and memory in adult rats","volume":"117","author":"Pryce","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(98)00126-9","article-title":"Sex and estrous cycle-dependent changes in neurosteroid and benzodiazepine effects on food consumption and plus-maze learning behaviors in rats","volume":"62","author":"Reddy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.1.3.287","article-title":"Inhibiting progesterone metabolism in the hippocampus of rats in behavioral estrus decreases anxiolytic behaviors and enhances exploratory and antinociceptive behaviors","volume":"1","author":"Rhodes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1210\/en.140.1.112","article-title":"Androgenic regulation of hypothalamic aromatase activity in prepubertal and postpubertal male golden hamsters","volume":"140","author":"Romeo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579401003029","article-title":"Early adverse experience as a developmental risk factor for later psychopathology: evidence from rodent and primate models","volume":"13","author":"Sanchez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.01680.x","article-title":"Social isolation-induced increase in the sensitivity of rats to the steroidogenic effect of ethanol","volume":"85","author":"Serra","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(03)00007-1","article-title":"The neurobiological consequences of early stress and childhood maltreatment","volume":"27","author":"Teicher","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(91)91658-N","article-title":"Anxiolytic activity of the progesterone metabolite 5a-pregnan-3a-ol-20-one","volume":"565","author":"Wieland","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(93)90335-D","article-title":"Sex differences in anxiety behavior in rats: role of gonadal hormones","volume":"54","author":"Zimmerberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.420250306","article-title":"Temperature-dependent effects of maternal separation on growth, activity, and amphetamine sensitivity in the rat","volume":"25","author":"Zimmerberg","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(94)90181-3","article-title":"Reduction of rat pup ultrasonic vocalizations by the neurosteroid allopregnanolone","volume":"47","author":"Zimmerberg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(95)00008-K","article-title":"Differential behavioral effects of the neuroactive steroid allopregnanolone on neonatal rats prenatally exposed to alcohol","volume":"51","author":"Zimmerberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(99)00149-5","article-title":"Sex-dependent behavioral effects of the neurosteroid allopregnanolone (3alpha,5alpha-THP) in neonatal and adult rats after postnatal stress","volume":"64","author":"Zimmerberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB42","first-page":"739","article-title":"Neonatal isolation alters cortical GABA(a) receptor subunit mRNA expression and cortical allopregnanolone (3a-hydroxy-5a-pregnan-20-one) levels in rats","author":"Zimmerberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Abstr.-Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1301.039","article-title":"Early deprivation alters the vocalization behavior of neonates directing maternal attention in a rat model of child neglect","volume":"1008","author":"Zimmerberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.10086","article-title":"Neonatal social isolation alters both maternal and pup behaviors in rats","volume":"42","author":"Zimmerberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."}],"container-title":["Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091305704001418?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091305704001418?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]],"date-time":"2019-02-06T16:26:02Z","timestamp":1549470362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0091305704001418"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0091305704001418"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.03.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-3057"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-3057","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]}}}