{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T01:25:01Z","timestamp":1777598701539,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,23]],"date-time":"2006-12-23T12:13:56Z","timestamp":1166876036000},"page":"68-78","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Sustained improvement of motor function in hemiparkinsonian rats chronically treated with low doses of caffeine or trihexyphenidyl"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"Bata-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jairo","family":"Villanueva-Toledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Ospina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando J.","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Cervera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Heredia-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"G\u00f3ngora-Alfaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(95)00112-V","article-title":"Effects of complete and partial lesions of the dopaminergic mesotelencephalic system on skilled forelimb use in the rat","volume":"67","author":"Barn\u00e9oud","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib2","series-title":"Memoria del XLVIII Congreso Nacional de Ciencias Fisiol\u00f3gicas","first-page":"148","article-title":"Dosis repetidas de cafe\u00edna sola y con trihexifenidilo revierten las alteraciones posturales en ratas hemiparkinsonianas","author":"Bata-Garc\u00eda","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200039020-00004","article-title":"Clinically significant pharmacokinetic interactions between dietary caffeine and medications","volume":"39","author":"Carrillo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(98)00911-X","article-title":"Scopolamine prevents tolerance to the effects of caffeine on rotational behavior in 6-hydroxydopamine-denervated rats","volume":"366","author":"Casas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn877","article-title":"Animal models of neurological deficits: how relevant is the rat?","volume":"3","author":"Cenci","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00217-6","article-title":"Biochemical and anatomical characterization of forepaw adjusting steps in rat models of Parkinson's disease: studies on medial forebrain bundle and striatal lesions","volume":"88","author":"Chang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib7","series-title":"Caffeine and behavior, current views and research trends","first-page":"1","article-title":"The role of adenosine receptors in the central action of caffeine","author":"Daly","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)91459-6","article-title":"Differential effect of systemic administration of bromocriptine and L-DOPA on the release of acetylcholine from striatum of intact and 6-OHDA-treated rats","volume":"608","author":"De Boer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816x.2001.01771.x","article-title":"In vivo labelling of the adenosine A2A receptor in mouse brain using the selective antagonist [3H]SCH 58261","volume":"14","author":"El Yacoubi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib10","series-title":"Antimuscarinic drugs in the treatment of movement disorders","first-page":"389","volume":"vol. 84","author":"Fahn","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1998.00198.x","article-title":"Motor stimulant effects of caffeine in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats are dependent on previous stimulation of dopamine receptors: a different role of D1 and D2 receptors","volume":"10","author":"Fenu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(00)00063-8","article-title":"Adenosine\/dopamine interaction: implications for the treatment of Parkinson's disease","volume":"7","author":"Ferr\u00e9","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(83)90873-1","article-title":"Acute effects of aspartame on large neutral amino acids and monoamines in rat brain","volume":"32","author":"Fernstrom","year":"1983","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-003-3269-3","article-title":"Caffeine as a psychomotor stimulant: mechanism of action","volume":"61","author":"Fisone","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(24)01396-6","article-title":"Actions of caffeine in the brain with special reference to factors that contribute to its widespread use","volume":"51","author":"Fredholm","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(95)02209-0","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of prototypical behavioral stimulants on locomotor activity and rotational behavior in rats","volume":"54","author":"Garrett","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2147780","article-title":"D1 and D2 dopamine receptor-regulated gene expression of striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons","volume":"250","author":"Gerfen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03195468","article-title":"A novel rotometer based on a RISC microcontroller","volume":"34","author":"Heredia-L\u00f3pez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behav Res Meth Computers and Instruments"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00735878","article-title":"Caffeine produces contralateral rotation in rats with unilateral dopamine denervation: comparisons with apomorphine-induced responses","volume":"94","author":"Herrera-Marschitz","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1990.tb00792.x","article-title":"Animal models of parkinsonism","volume":"67","author":"Kaakola","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(94)90535-5","article-title":"Tolerance to oral and IP caffeine: locomotor activity and pharmacokinetics","volume":"48","author":"Lau","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(96)00027-5","article-title":"Validation of a rodent model of Parkinson's disease: evidence of a therapeutic window for oral Sinemet","volume":"39","author":"Lindner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816x.2001.01843.x","article-title":"Pharmacological validation of behavioural measures of akinesia and dyskinesia in a rat model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"15","author":"Lundblad","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-199810050-00001","article-title":"Potential of adenosine A2A receptor antagonists in the treatment of movement disorders","volume":"10","author":"Mally","year":"1998","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(91)90048-5","article-title":"The \u201cstaircase test\u201d: a measure of independent forelimb reaching and grasping abilities in rats","volume":"36","author":"Montoya","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Neurosci Meth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(03)00202-8","article-title":"Caffeine and muscarinic antagonists act in synergy to inhibit haloperidol-induced catalepsy","volume":"45","author":"Moo-Puc","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.06.022","article-title":"Treatment with subthreshold doses of caffeine plus trihexyphenidyl fully restores locomotion and exploratory activity in reserpinized rats","volume":"367","author":"Moo-Puc","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib28","series-title":"Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals","author":"National Research Council of USA","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib29","series-title":"Caffeine and behavior, current views and research trends","first-page":"31","article-title":"Cerebral energy metabolism and blood flow: useful tools for the understanding of the behavioral effects of caffeine","author":"Nehlig","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)02480-4","article-title":"Dose\u2013response study of caffeine effects on cerebral functional activity with a specific focus on dependence","volume":"858","author":"Nehlig","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(00)00250-5","article-title":"Systemic administration of adenosine A2A receptor antagonist reverses increased GABA release in the globus pallidus of unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats: a microdialysis study","volume":"100","author":"Ochi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3863","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-05-03863.1995","article-title":"Forelimb akinesia in the rat Parkinson model: differential effects of dopamine agonists and nigral transplants as assessed by a new stepping test","volume":"15","author":"Olsson","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib33","series-title":"The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates","author":"Paxinos","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(88)90172-5","article-title":"Aspartame and the rat brain monoaminergic system","volume":"44","author":"Perego","year":"1988","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib35","series-title":"Central nervous system diseases. innovative animal models from lab to clinic, Totowa","first-page":"131","article-title":"Intervention strategies for degeneration of dopamine neurons in parkinsonism: optimizing behavioral assessment of outcome","author":"Schallert","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(96)00040-8","article-title":"The unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion model in behavioral brain research. Analysis of functional deficits, recovery and treatments","volume":"50","author":"Schwarting","year":"1996","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.8.1154","article-title":"Caffeinated clues and the promise of adenosine A2A antagonists in PD","volume":"58","author":"Schwarzschild","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(92)90027-Y","article-title":"Regulation of the activity of striatal cholinergic neurons by dopamine","volume":"47","author":"Stoof","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(86)90365-3","article-title":"Effect of mealing on plasma and brain amino acid, and brain monoamine in rats after oral aspartame","volume":"36","author":"Torii","year":"1986","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(86)90366-5","article-title":"Dietary aspartame with protein on plasma and brain amino acids, brain monoamines and behavior in rats","volume":"36","author":"Torii","year":"1986","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb1978.4.301","article-title":"Properties of rotational behaviour produced by methylxanthine derivatives in mice with unilateral striatal 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions","volume":"4","author":"Watanabe","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Pharmacobiodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(97)00057-0","article-title":"Analysis of limb use by control rats and unilateral DA-depleted rats in the Montoya staircase test: movements, impairments and compensatory strategies","volume":"89","author":"Whishaw","year":"1997","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.09.036","article-title":"Cross-sensitization between caffeine- and L-dopa-induced behaviors in hemiparkinsonian mice","volume":"393","author":"Yu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5949","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-16-05949.2000","article-title":"Functional uncoupling of adenosine A2A receptors and reduced response to caffeine in mice lacking dopamine D2 receptors","volume":"20","author":"Zahniser","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091305706004084?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091305706004084?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,12]],"date-time":"2025-01-12T18:27:15Z","timestamp":1736706435000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0091305706004084"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0091305706004084"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-3057"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-3057","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]}}}