{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T14:51:41Z","timestamp":1777301501286,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T19:08:26Z","timestamp":1624561706000},"page":"173220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Contrasting effects of d-amphetamine and atomoxetine on measures of impulsive action and choice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"207","author":[{"given":"Guy A.","family":"Higgins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cam","family":"MacMillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leo B.","family":"Silenieks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandy","family":"Thevarkunnel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.03.004","article-title":"Disruption of performance in the five-choice serial reaction time task induced by administration of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists: relevance to cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia","volume":"68","author":"Amitai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.09.031","article-title":"Atomoxetine decreases vulnerability to develop compulsivity in high impulsive rats","volume":"75","author":"Ansquer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-012-2857-z","article-title":"Simultaneous blockade of dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake promotes disadvantageous decision making in a rat gambling task","volume":"225","author":"Baarendse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2007.09.020","article-title":"Rats with different profiles of impulsive choice behavior exhibit differences in responses to caffeine and d-amphetamine and in medial prefrontal cortex 5-HT utilization","volume":"187","author":"Barbelivien","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(94)90018-3","article-title":"Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex","volume":"50","author":"Bechara","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(00)00136-6","article-title":"Decision-making deficits, linked to a dysfunctional ventromedial prefrontal cortex, revealed in alcohol and stimulant abusers","volume":"39","author":"Bechara","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-015-4148-y","article-title":"Does impulsivity change rate dependently following stimulant administration? A translational selective review and re-analysis","volume":"233","author":"Bickel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(02)00346-9","article-title":"Atomoxetine increases extracellular levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in prefrontal cortex of rat: a potential mechanism for efficacy in attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"27","author":"Bymaster","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2019.05.016","article-title":"Atomoxetine improves memory and other components of executive function in young-adult rats and aged rhesus monkeys","volume":"155","author":"Callahan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000536","article-title":"The effects of d-amphetamine, chlordiazepoxide, alpha-flupenthixol and behavioural manipulations on choice of signalled and unsignalled delayed reinforcement in rats","volume":"152","author":"Cardinal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.8","article-title":"Fractionating impulsivity: neuropsychiatric implications","volume":"18","author":"Dalley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2008.202","article-title":"Serotonin depletion impairs waiting but not stop-signal reaction time in rats: implications for theories of the role of 5-HT in behavioral inhibition","volume":"34","author":"Eagle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00005481","article-title":"Varieties of impulsivity","volume":"146","author":"Evenden","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00427498","article-title":"Increased response switching, perseveration and perseverative switching following d-amphetamine in the rat","volume":"80","author":"Evenden","year":"1983","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050121","article-title":"The pharmacology of impulsive behaviour in rats: the effects of drugs on response choice with varying delays of reinforcement","volume":"128","author":"Evenden","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.114.4.838","article-title":"Effects of d-amphetamine and alcohol on a measure of behavioral inhibition in rats","volume":"114","author":"Feola","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2408-z","article-title":"Modulation of high impulsivity and attentional performance in rats by selective direct and indirect dopaminergic and noradrenergic receptor agonists","volume":"219","author":"Fernando","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301565","article-title":"Dopaminergic and glutamatergic regulation of effort- and delay-based decision making","volume":"33","author":"Floresco","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.04.022","article-title":"Impulsive action and impulsive choice across substance and behavioral addictions: cause or consequence?","volume":"39","author":"Grant","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000580","article-title":"What is a \u201clow dose\u201d of d-amphetamine for inducing behavioral effects in laboratory rats?","volume":"153","author":"Grilly","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000099","article-title":"Choice impulsivity: definitions, measurement issues, and clinical implications","volume":"6","author":"Hamilton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pers. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881113482532","article-title":"Amphetamine, past and present\u2014a pharmacological and clinical perspective","volume":"27","author":"Heal","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0478-0","article-title":"Impact of strain and D-amphetamine on impulsivity (delay discounting) in inbred mice","volume":"188","author":"Helms","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5.49.1","DOI":"10.1002\/cpph.27","article-title":"Rodent test of attention and impulsivity: the 5-choice serial reaction time task","volume":"78","author":"Higgins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.05.025","article-title":"Enhanced attention and impulsive action following NMDA receptor GluN2B-selective antagonist pretreatment","volume":"311","author":"Higgins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2018.04.028","article-title":"Effects of the NMDA receptor antagonists dizocilpine and Ro 63-1908 on delay-discounting and risky decision-making in a gambling task","volume":"348","author":"Higgins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108064","article-title":"Effects of 5-HT2C receptor modulation and the NA reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine in tests of compulsive and impulsive behaviour","volume":"170","author":"Higgins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00427","article-title":"Characterization of amphetamine, methylphenidate, nicotine, and atomoxetine on measures of attention, impulsive action, and motivation in the rat: implications for translational research","volume":"11","author":"Higgins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2012.02.005","article-title":"Strain differences in delay discounting between Lewis and Fischer 344 rats at baseline and following acute and chronic administration of d-amphetamine","volume":"101","author":"Huskinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4729","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12787","article-title":"Convergent pharmacological mechanisms in impulsivity and addiction: insights from rodent models","volume":"171","author":"Jupp","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00428543","article-title":"Effects of d-amphetamine and morphine on delayed discrimination: signal detection analysis and assessment of response repetition in the performance deficits","volume":"83","author":"Koek","year":"1984","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2016.07.004","article-title":"Reinforcer magnitude affects delay discounting and influences effects of d-amphetamine in rats","volume":"130","author":"Krebs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav. Process."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(93)90192-V","article-title":"Evaluation of response perseveration of rats in the radial arm maze following reinforcing and nonreinforcing drugs","volume":"44","author":"Loh","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-019-5183-x","article-title":"Effects of amphetamine, methylphenidate, atomoxetine, and morphine in rats responding under an adjusting stop signal reaction time task","volume":"236","author":"Maguire","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.2001.76-235","article-title":"Area under the curve as a measure of discounting","volume":"76","author":"Myerson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Exp. Anal. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2007.06.017","article-title":"Effects of atomoxetine and methylphenidate on attention and impulsivity in the 5-choice serial reaction time test","volume":"32","author":"Navarra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.01.001","article-title":"Effects of nucleus accumbens amphetamine administration on performance in a delay discounting task","volume":"321","author":"Orsini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145711001635","article-title":"Impulsive action and impulsive choice are mediated by distinct neuropharmacological substrates in rat","volume":"15","author":"Paterson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.01.023","article-title":"The role of impulsivity in relapse vulnerability","volume":"23","author":"Pattij","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0200","first-page":"192","article-title":"The neuropharmacology of impulsive behaviour","volume":"29","author":"Pattij","year":"2008","journal-title":"TIPS"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2008.04.019","article-title":"Impulsive choice and environmental enrichment: effects of d-amphetamine and methylphenidate","volume":"193","author":"Perry","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2020.173070","article-title":"Baseline-dependency: how genotype and signaled delays influence amphetamine\u2019s effects on delay discounting","volume":"199","author":"Pope","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1154-7","article-title":"The 5-choice serial reaction time task: behavioural pharmacology and functional neurochemistry","volume":"163","author":"Robbins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.11.009","article-title":"Neurocognitive endophenotypes of impulsivity and compulsivity: towards dimensional psychiatry","volume":"16","author":"Robbins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2420-3","article-title":"Blockade of noradrenaline re-uptake sites improves accuracy and impulse control in rats performing a five-choice serial reaction time tasks","volume":"219","author":"Robinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301487","article-title":"Similar effects of the selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine on three distinct forms of impulsivity in the rat","volume":"33","author":"Robinson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.12.029","article-title":"Scopolamine and amphetamine produce similar decision-making deficits on a rat gambling task via independent pathways","volume":"281","author":"Silveira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0000000000000203","article-title":"Chronic atomoxetine treatment during adolescence does not influence decision-making on a rodent gambling task, but does modulate amphetamine\u2019s effect on impulsive action in adulthood","volume":"27","author":"Silveira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0b013e3283305ef9","article-title":"Effects of variable training, signaled and unsignaled delays, and d-amphetamine on delay-discounting functions","volume":"20","author":"Slezak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0000000000000409","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis of d-amphetamine in an attention task in rodents","volume":"29","author":"Slezak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.119.2.420","article-title":"Systemic and prefrontal cortical NMDA receptor blockade differentially affect discrimination learning and set-shift ability in rats","volume":"119","author":"Stefani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2419-9","article-title":"Chronic atomoxetine treatment during adolescence decreases impulsive choice, but not impulsive action, in adult rats and alters markers of synaptic plasticity in the orbitofrontal cortex","volume":"219","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-013-3209-3","article-title":"Effects of amphetamine and methylphenidate on delay discounting in rats: interactions with order of delay presentation","volume":"231","author":"Tanno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.04.008","article-title":"Pay attention to impulsivity: modelling low attentive and high impulsive subtypes of adult ADHD in the 5-choice continuous performance task (5C-CPT) in female rats","volume":"24","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2012.12.025","article-title":"Effects of atomoxetine on locomotor activity and impulsivity in the spontaneously hypertensive rat","volume":"243","author":"Turner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.05117.x","article-title":"Subthalamic nucleus lesions increase impulsive action and decrease impulsive choice - mediation by enhanced incentive motivation?","volume":"24","author":"Uslaner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200312020-00018","article-title":"The NMDA-receptor antagonist MK-801 selectively disrupts reversal learning in rats","volume":"14","author":"van der Meulen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0396-1","article-title":"Behavioral disinhibition requires dopamine receptor activation","volume":"187","author":"van Gaalen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.06.005","article-title":"Critical involvement of dopaminergic neurotransmission in impulsive decision making","volume":"60","author":"van Gaalen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000402","article-title":"Effects of dopaminergic drugs on delayed reward as a measure of impulsive behavior in rats","volume":"150","author":"Wade","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01323.x","article-title":"The utility of rat models of impulsivity in developing pharmacotherapies for impulse control disorders","volume":"164","author":"Winstanley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-003-1546-3","article-title":"Global 5-HT depletion attenuates the ability of amphetamine to decrease impulsive choice on a delay-discounting task in rats","volume":"170","author":"Winstanley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-017-4825-0","article-title":"Dissecting drug effects in preclinical models of impulsive choice: emphasis on glutamatergic compounds","volume":"235","author":"Yates","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2019.112228","article-title":"Effects of d-amphetamine and MK-801 on impulsive choice: modulation by schedule of reinforcement and delay length","volume":"376","author":"Yates","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.62","article-title":"Serotonergic and dopaminergic modulation of gambling behavior as assessed using a novel rat gambling task","volume":"34","author":"Zeeb","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-012-2822-x","article-title":"Differential effects of environmental enrichment, social-housing, and isolation-rearing on a rat gambling task: dissociations between impulsive action and risky decision-making","volume":"225","author":"Zeeb","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"}],"container-title":["Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091305721001192?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091305721001192?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T04:40:30Z","timestamp":1758775230000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0091305721001192"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"references-count":66,"alternative-id":["S0091305721001192"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-3057"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-3057","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Contrasting effects of d-amphetamine and atomoxetine on measures of impulsive action and choice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173220","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"173220"}}