{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T05:04:04Z","timestamp":1781067844244,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003385","name":"Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003385","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T15:43:22Z","timestamp":1762703002000},"page":"174127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Long-term thiethylperazine treatment in the Tg4-42 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease mouse: Therapeutic potential vs. adverse effects"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"258","author":[{"given":"Lisa Katharina","family":"Ruoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina Wanda Helene","family":"B\u00e4nfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Djavid Elias","family":"Liedtke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofie Elena","family":"China","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Wiltfang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Bayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f6ren Frederik","family":"Bock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Friederike","family":"Spandau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Bouter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Beindorff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Bouter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22405","article-title":"Human neural stem cells improve cognition and promote synaptic growth in two complementary transgenic models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and neuronal loss","volume":"25","author":"Ager","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.04.514","article-title":"At the interface of sensory and motor dysfunctions and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Albers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.03.001","article-title":"Experiential and genetic contributions to depressive-and anxiety-like disorders: clinical and experimental studies","volume":"32","author":"Anisman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/2051-5960-1-56","article-title":"N-truncated Abeta starting with position four: early intraneuronal accumulation and rescue of toxicity using NT4X-167, a novel monoclonal antibody","volume":"1","author":"Antonios","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17338","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17338","article-title":"Alzheimer therapy with an antibody against N-terminal Abeta 4-X and pyroglutamate Abeta 3-X","volume":"5","author":"Antonios","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01385-7","article-title":"Discovery of a novel pseudo beta-hairpin structure of N-truncated amyloid-beta for use as a vaccine against Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"27","author":"Bakrania","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1965.tb18904.x","article-title":"A clinical trial of thiethylperazine (\u201cTorecan\u201d) suppositories in postoperative nausea and vomiting","volume":"2","author":"Battersby","year":"1965","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2012.11.014","article-title":"A role for dopamine-mediated learning in the pathophysiology and treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"2","author":"Beeler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.105","article-title":"Inducible ablation of dopamine D2 receptors in adult mice impairs locomotion, motor skill learning and leads to severe parkinsonism","volume":"22","author":"Bello","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0050","first-page":"1598","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures","volume":"19","author":"Better","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1159\/000107083","article-title":"Symptoms of anxiety and depression in the course of cognitive decline","volume":"24","author":"Bierman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-013-1129-2","article-title":"N-truncated amyloid beta (Abeta) 4-42 forms stable aggregates and induces acute and long-lasting behavioral deficits","volume":"126","author":"Bouter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00075","article-title":"Deciphering the molecular profile of plaques, memory decline and neuron loss in two mouse models for Alzheimer\u2019s disease by deep sequencing","volume":"6","author":"Bouter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-015-1489-x","article-title":"Abeta targets of the biosimilar antibodies of Bapineuzumab, Crenezumab, Solanezumab in comparison to an antibody against Ntruncated Abeta in sporadic Alzheimer disease cases and mouse models","volume":"130","author":"Bouter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00425","article-title":"(18)F-FDG-PET detects drastic changes in brain metabolism in the Tg4-42 model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Bouter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0080","article-title":"Quantitative brain positron emission tomography in female 5XFAD Alzheimer mice: pathological features and sex-specific alterations","volume":"8","author":"Bouter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-023-02607-8","article-title":"Chronic exposure to a synthetic cannabinoid alters cerebral brain metabolism and causes long-lasting behavioral deficits in adult mice","volume":"130","author":"Bouter","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm. (Vienna)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-023-02607-8","article-title":"Chronic exposure to a synthetic cannabinoid alters cerebral brain metabolism and causes long-lasting behavioral deficits in adult mice","volume":"130","author":"Bouter","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm. (Vienna)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2004.00844.x","article-title":"Thiethylperazine-induced parkinsonism: in vivo demonstration of dopamine D2 receptors blockade","volume":"11","author":"Briani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14515","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0406344101","article-title":"Spatial memory, recognition memory, and the hippocampus","volume":"101","author":"Broadbent","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.473907","article-title":"The influence of visual ability on learning and memory performance in 13 strains of mice","volume":"14","author":"Brown","year":"2007","journal-title":"Learn. Mem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.11.57","article-title":"Loss of motor function in preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Buchman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Neurother."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-01-00495.1999","article-title":"Functionally dissociating aspects of event memory: the effects of combined perirhinal and postrhinal cortex lesions on object and place memory in the rat","volume":"19","author":"Bussey","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104855","article-title":"Neuronal circuitry for recognition memory of object and place in rodent models","volume":"141","author":"Chao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.136.1.79","article-title":"Factors related to tardive dyskinesia","volume":"136","author":"Chouinard","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14968","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1107411108","article-title":"Serotonin signaling is associated with lower amyloid-beta levels and plaques in transgenic mice and humans","volume":"108","author":"Cirrito","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6647","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0913-07.2007","article-title":"The hippocampus and spatial memory: findings with a novel modification of the water maze","volume":"27","author":"Clark","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-020-01452-x","article-title":"The Free-movement pattern Y-maze: a cross-species measure of working memory and executive function","volume":"53","author":"Cleal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.20352.1","article-title":"Pathfinder: open source software for analyzing spatial navigation search strategies","volume":"8","author":"Cooke","year":"2019","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.06.008","article-title":"Effects of high-fat diet exposure on learning & memory","volume":"152","author":"Cordner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5451","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-09270-1","article-title":"Search strategy analysis of Tg4-42 Alzheimer Mice in the Morris Water Maze reveals early spatial navigation deficits","volume":"12","author":"Curdt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2028-23.2024","article-title":"Dopamine D2 receptor modulates exercise related effect on cortical excitation\/inhibition and motor skill acquisition","volume":"44","author":"Curtin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0165","article-title":"Measuring motor coordination in mice","volume":"75","author":"Deacon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0170","first-page":"271","article-title":"Kroniska dyskinesier vid behandling med tietylperazin (Torecan)","volume":"69","author":"Ekbom","year":"1972","journal-title":"L\u00e4kartidn"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0032-9","article-title":"Sex differences in Alzheimer disease\u2014the gateway to precision medicine","volume":"14","author":"Ferretti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20536","article-title":"Dopaminergic influences on formation of a motor memory","volume":"58","author":"Fl\u00f6el","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00529","article-title":"In vivo imaging with (18)F-FDG- and (18)F-Florbetaben-PET\/MRI detects pathological changes in the brain of the commonly used 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"7","author":"Franke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1973.01750340009001","article-title":"Neurological syndromes associated with antipsychotic drug use: a special report","volume":"28","author":"Freedman","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055251","article-title":"Dissociating memory networks in early Alzheimer\u2019s disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration - a combined study of hypometabolism and atrophy","volume":"8","author":"Frisch","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005464","article-title":"Adult-generated hippocampal neurons allow the flexible use of spatially precise learning strategies","volume":"4","author":"Garthe","year":"2009","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(96)00295-X","article-title":"Different effects of dopamine antagonists on spontaneous and NMDA-induced motor activity in mice","volume":"56","author":"Gim\u00e9nez-Llort","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64700-1","article-title":"Intraneuronal Abeta42 accumulation in human brain","volume":"156","author":"Gouras","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1934","article-title":"Clinically significant anxiety as a risk factor for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: results from a 10-year follow-up community study","volume":"32","author":"Gracia-Garcia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-201204","article-title":"Metabolic, phenotypic, and neuropathological characterization of the Tg4-42 mouse model for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"80","author":"Hinteregger","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5411-10.2011","article-title":"Dopaminergic projections from midbrain to primary motor cortex mediate motor skill learning","volume":"31","author":"Hosp","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.10.013","article-title":"Unraveling cognitive traits using the Morris water maze unbiased strategy classification (MUST-C) algorithm","volume":"52","author":"Illouz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251338691","article-title":"18F-FDG PET for the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration: a multicenter prospective study in Japan","volume":"106","author":"Ito","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/S1734-1140(12)70726-0","article-title":"Chemical structure of phenothiazines and their biological activity","volume":"64","author":"Jaszczyszyn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2010.05.027","article-title":"Motor deficits, neuron loss, and reduced anxiety coinciding with axonal degeneration and intraneuronal Abeta aggregation in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"33","author":"Jawhar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0250","series-title":"Adenosine Triphosphate Binding Cassette Subfamily C Member 1 (ABCC1) Modulates Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) Processing: A Potential Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","author":"Jepsen","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0255","series-title":"Thiethylperazine","author":"Jewell","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0260","first-page":"1","article-title":"Donanemab: first approval","author":"Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1078\/0940-2993-00301","article-title":"Behavioral phenotyping of mice in pharmacological and toxicological research","volume":"55","author":"Karl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp. Toxicol. Pathol."},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0270","first-page":"550","article-title":"Recurrent dystonic reactions induced by thiethylperazine","volume":"19","author":"Khanderia","year":"1985","journal-title":"Drug Intell. Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0275","series-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","article-title":"Phenothiazine","author":"Kidron","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P28","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/52B.1.P28","article-title":"Patterns of motor impairment in normal aging, mild cognitive decline, and early Alzheimer\u2019 disease","volume":"52","author":"Kluger","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. B Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00269-y","article-title":"Alzheimer disease","volume":"7","author":"Knopman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0290","series-title":"The ADME Encyclopedia: A Comprehensive Guide on Biopharmacy and Pharmacokinetics","first-page":"1","article-title":"ABC transporters: an overview","author":"Koehn","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2012.00074","article-title":"The role of ATP-binding cassette transporters in neuro-inflammation: relevance for bioactive lipids","volume":"3","author":"Kooij","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3924","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI57867","article-title":"Cerebral amyloid-\u03b2 proteostasis is regulated by the membrane transport protein ABCC1 in mice","volume":"121","author":"Krohn","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00113.x","article-title":"beta-Amyloid efflux mediated by p-glycoprotein","volume":"76","author":"Lam","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-029221","article-title":"Analysis of anticholinergic and sedative medicine effects on physical function, cognitive function, appetite and frailty: a cross-sectional study in Australia","volume":"9","author":"Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0315","article-title":"Novel object recognition test for the investigation of learning and memory in mice","volume":"126","author":"Lueptow","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0320","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Lecanemab gets full FDA approval and black box safety warning","volume":"382","author":"Mahase","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ: British Medical Journal (Online)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.2016.1168804","article-title":"ABC transporters at the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"12","author":"Mahringer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.2515\/therapie:2005061","article-title":"Trimetazidine induces parkinsonism, gait disorders and tremor","volume":"60","author":"Mass\u00f3","year":"2005","journal-title":"Therapies"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.18433\/jpps29656","article-title":"Considerations and pitfalls in selecting the drug vehicles for evaluation of new drug candidates: focus on in vivo pharmaco-toxicological assays based on the rotarod performance test","volume":"21","author":"Matias","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3233\/ADR-210294","article-title":"The relationship between anxiety and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"5","author":"Mendez","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.64","article-title":"Regulation of ABC transporters at the blood-brain barrier","volume":"97","author":"Miller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007082","article-title":"Dopamine in motor cortex is necessary for skill learning and synaptic plasticity","volume":"4","author":"Molina-Luna","year":"2009","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0355","article-title":"The synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 attenuates cognitive and motor deficits and reduces amyloid load in 5XFAD Alzheimer mice","volume":"247","author":"Moller","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1159\/000356430","article-title":"The hippocampus in neurodegenerative disease","volume":"34","author":"Moodley","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Hippocampus in Clinical Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(84)90007-4","article-title":"Developments of a water-maze procedure for studying spatial learning in the rat","volume":"11","author":"Morris","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mjt.0000212897.20458.63","article-title":"Phenothiazine molecule provides the basic chemical structure for various classes of pharmacotherapeutic agents","volume":"13","author":"Mosnaim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.108.1.11","article-title":"Rhinal cortex lesions and object recognition in rats","volume":"108","author":"Mumby","year":"1994","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.56","article-title":"Effects of dopamine D2\/D3 receptor antagonism on human planning and spatial working memory","volume":"7","author":"Naef","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00434-3","article-title":"Triple-transgenic model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease with plaques and tangles: intracellular Abeta and synaptic dysfunction","volume":"39","author":"Oddo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/25424823241306770","article-title":"Chronic exposure to a synthetic cannabinoid improves cognition and increases locomotor activity in Tg4-42 Alzheimer's disease mice","volume":"9","author":"Ott","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2014.04.001","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s and ABC transporters\u2014new opportunities for diagnostics and treatment","volume":"72","author":"Pahnke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2023-0264","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease and clinical trials","volume":"35","author":"Paul","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Basic Clin. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.96605","article-title":"Systemic blockade of D2-like dopamine receptors facilitates extinction of conditioned fear in mice","volume":"12","author":"Ponnusamy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Learn. Mem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03004421","article-title":"The action of thiethylperazihe (torecan\u00ae), a new anti-emetic, compared with perphenazine (trilafon\u00ae), trmethobenzamide (tigan\u00ae), and a placeeio in the; suppression of postanaesthetic nausea and vomiting","volume":"12","author":"Purkis","year":"1965","journal-title":"Can. Anaesth. Soc. J."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.7400784","article-title":"A\u03b242-driven cerebral amyloidosis in transgenic mice reveals early and robust pathology","volume":"7","author":"Radde","year":"2006","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12162019","article-title":"Hypometabolism, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, and possible therapeutic targets: an overview","volume":"12","author":"Raut","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2018.05.011","article-title":"Effects of light and dark phase testing on the investigation of behavioural paradigms in mice: relevance for behavioural neuroscience","volume":"178","author":"Richetto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1978.01770330086008","article-title":"Thiethylperazine: clinical antipsychotic efficacy and correlation with potency in predictive systems","volume":"35","author":"Rotrosen","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2010.08.014","article-title":"Early onset amyloid lesions lead to severe neuritic abnormalities and local, but not global neuron loss in APPPS1 transgenic mice","volume":"32","author":"Rupp","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11020599","article-title":"Search strategy analysis of 5xFAD Alzheimer mice in the Morris Water Maze reveals sex- and age-specific spatial navigation deficits","volume":"11","author":"Sanchez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2019.00094","article-title":"Prolonged cannabidiol treatment lacks on detrimental effects on memory, motor performance and anxiety in C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"13","author":"Schleicher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911159","article-title":"Ablation of the presynaptic protein mover impairs learning performance and decreases anxiety behavior in mice","volume":"23","author":"Schleicher","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1515\/REVNEURO.2010.21.1.29","article-title":"ABC transporters and drug efflux at the blood-brain barrier","volume":"21","author":"Shen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2010.03.026","article-title":"A rotarod test for evaluation of motor skill learning","volume":"189","author":"Shiotsuki","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(68)80072-8","article-title":"An assessment of thiethylperazine (Torecan) in the control of radiation-induced nausea and vomiting","volume":"19","author":"Sicher","year":"1968","journal-title":"Clin. Radiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1980.01780250054006","article-title":"Changes in prevalence, severity, and recovery in tardive dyskinesia with age","volume":"37","author":"Smith","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2014.00087","article-title":"Dopamine systems adaptation during acquisition and consolidation of a skill","volume":"8","author":"Sommer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Integr. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.02.016","article-title":"Effects of intracerebroventricular administration of dimethyl sulfoxide on hippocampal electrophysiology in mice","volume":"18","author":"Spanoghe","year":"2025","journal-title":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-020-02120-z","article-title":"Chronic memantine treatment ameliorates behavioral deficits, neuron loss, and impaired neurogenesis in a model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"58","author":"Stazi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.143.6.597","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction and tardive dyskinesia","volume":"143","author":"Struve","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.06.012","article-title":"Morris water maze learning in Long-Evans rats is differentially affected by blockade of D1-like and D2-like dopamine receptors","volume":"422","author":"Stuchlik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1984.tb00838.x","article-title":"Thiethylperazine and tardive dyskinesia","volume":"70","author":"Sulkava","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21030701","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and neurogenesis in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and potential therapeutic approaches","volume":"21","author":"Sung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2870","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16677990","article-title":"Brain energy metabolism and neuroinflammation in ageing APP\/PS1-21 mice using longitudinal (18)F-FDG and (18)F-DPA-714 PET imaging","volume":"37","author":"Takkinen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.5.127","article-title":"Adult neurogenesis, neuroinflammation and therapeutic potential of adult neural stem cells","volume":"5","author":"Taupin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-014-2708-8","article-title":"PET imaging reveals brain functional changes in internet gaming disorder","volume":"41","author":"Tian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-03155-5","article-title":"Influence of diurnal phase on behavioral tests of sensorimotor performance, anxiety, learning and memory in mice","volume":"12","author":"Tsao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101451","article-title":"Abnormal amyloid beta metabolism in systemic abnormalities and Alzheimer\u2019s pathology: Insights and therapeutic approaches from periphery","volume":"71","author":"Ullah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(82)90209-0","article-title":"Dystonic reactions following thiethylperazine in children","volume":"13","author":"Vlachos","year":"1982","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.116","article-title":"Morris water maze: procedures for assessing spatial and related forms of learning and memory","volume":"1","author":"Vorhees","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2019.00107","article-title":"Analysis of Motor Function in the Tg4-42 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"13","author":"Wagner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0550","first-page":"943","article-title":"Differential effect of phenothiazines on MRP1 and P-glycoprotein activity","volume":"23","author":"Weso\u0142owska","year":"2009","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23126514","article-title":"Use of PET imaging to assess the efficacy of thiethylperazine to stimulate cerebral MRP1 transport activity in wild-type and APP\/PS1-21 mice","volume":"23","author":"Wolfl-Duchek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2261","article-title":"Dynamic reorganization of striatal circuits during the acquisition and consolidation of a skill","volume":"12","author":"Yin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(62)90115-6","article-title":"The metabolism of thiethylperazine (Torecan\u00ae)","volume":"11","author":"Zehnder","year":"1962","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(62)90115-6","article-title":"The metabolism of thiethylperazine (Torecan)","volume":"11","author":"Zehnder","year":"1962","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091305725001741?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091305725001741?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T04:51:02Z","timestamp":1781067062000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0091305725001741"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":114,"alternative-id":["S0091305725001741"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-3057"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-3057","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Long-term thiethylperazine treatment in the Tg4-42 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease mouse: Therapeutic potential vs. adverse effects","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174127","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"174127"}}