{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T02:33:57Z","timestamp":1791599637591,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,17]],"date-time":"2027-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1802822400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":292,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013134","name":"Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-18-2-0044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-18-2-0044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013134","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006438","name":"Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006438","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007144","name":"University of Houston","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007144","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T07:36:29Z","timestamp":1770449789000},"page":"174166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Greater persistence of responding for fentanyl in female versus male rats"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"262","author":[{"given":"Kaitlyn M.","family":"Little","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Lopez Arteaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle N.","family":"Kostecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Therese A.","family":"Kosten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin N.","family":"Haile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2011.03.013","article-title":"Characteristics and correlates of men and women with prescription opioid dependence","volume":"36","author":"Back","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-020-05750-2","article-title":"A buprenorphine-validated rat model of opioid use disorder optimized to study sex differences in vulnerability to relapse","volume":"238","author":"Bakhti-Suroosh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2023.109512","article-title":"Chronic inflammatory pain promotes place preference for fentanyl in male rats but does not change fentanyl self-administration in male and female rats","volume":"231","author":"Barattini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000577","article-title":"Effect of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist PT150 on acquisition and escalation of fentanyl self-administration following early-life stress","volume":"31","author":"Bardo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.115.011163","article-title":"Sex differences in animal models: focus on addiction","volume":"68","author":"Becker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0030","author":"CDC"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(02)01039-0","article-title":"Gender differences in the intravenous self-administration of mu opiate agonists","volume":"74","author":"Cicero","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13344","article-title":"Rapid appearance of negative emotion during oral fentanyl self-administration in male and female rats","volume":"28","author":"Coffey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Addict. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.12.005","article-title":"Fentanyl: receptor pharmacology, abuse potential, and implications for treatment","volume":"106","author":"Comer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0050","first-page":"764","article-title":"Sex differences in discriminative stimulus effects of morphine in the rat","volume":"7","author":"Craft","year":"1996","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.11.022","article-title":"Sex differences in locomotor effects of morphine in the rat","volume":"85","author":"Craft","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0b013e3283644d15","article-title":"Escalation of drug self-administration as a hallmark of persistent addiction liability","volume":"24","author":"Edwards","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-003-1470-6","article-title":"The reinstatement model and relapse prevention: a clinical perspective","volume":"168","author":"Epstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0075","article-title":"Effects of fentanyl on acute locomotor activity, behavioral sensitization, and contextual reward in female and male rats","volume":"229","author":"Gaulden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2290","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14112290","article-title":"An Immunconjugate vaccine alters distribution and reduces the Antinociceptive, behavioral and physiological effects of fentanyl in male and female rats","volume":"14","author":"Haile","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-021-05865-0","article-title":"Effects of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist PT150 on stress-induced fentanyl seeking in male and female rats","volume":"238","author":"Hammerslag","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-003-1441-y","article-title":"The validity of the reinstatement model of craving and relapse to drug use","volume":"168","author":"Katz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.5.2.99","article-title":"Sex differences in effects of predictable and unpredictable footshock on fentanyl self-administration in rats","volume":"5","author":"Klein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2020.00074","article-title":"Sex differences and the role of estradiol in mesolimbic reward circuits and vulnerability to cocaine and opiate addiction","volume":"14","author":"Kokane","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031825","article-title":"Predicting extinction and reinstatement of alcohol and sucrose self-administration in outbred rats","volume":"21","author":"Kosten","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990802082206","article-title":"Sex differences in non-reinforced responding for cocaine","volume":"34","author":"Kosten","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.14.1.34","article-title":"Sex differences in vulnerability to drug self-administration","volume":"14","author":"Lynch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050979","article-title":"Sex differences in the acquisition of intravenously self-administered cocaine and heroin in rats","volume":"144","author":"Lynch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-021-05850-7","article-title":"Escalation and reinstatement of fentanyl self-administration in male and female rats","volume":"238","author":"Malone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb2005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-017-4536-6","article-title":"Oxycodone self-administration in male and female rats","volume":"234","author":"Mavrikaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-020-05722-6","article-title":"Aversion-resistant fentanyl self-administration in mice","volume":"238","author":"Monroe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2015.02.014","article-title":"Alcohol preferring (P) rats as a model for examining sex differences in alcohol use disorder and its treatment","volume":"132","author":"Moore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108382","article-title":"The cost of opioid use disorder and the value of aversion","volume":"217","author":"Murphy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7692","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147692","article-title":"The impact of diet and exercise on drug responses","volume":"22","author":"Niederberger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.03.037","article-title":"Female Sprague-Dawley rats display greater appetitive and consummatory responses to alcohol","volume":"327","author":"Nieto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10061127","article-title":"Dose- and sex-dependent bidirectional relationship between intravenous fentanyl self-administration and gut microbiota","volume":"10","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(82)91346-8","article-title":"Modulation of drug metabolism by food restriction in male rats","volume":"104","author":"Sachan","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2019.01.020","article-title":"Effectiveness comparisons of G-protein biased and unbiased mu opioid receptor ligands in warm water tail-withdrawal and drug discrimination in male and female rats","volume":"150","author":"Schwienteck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1224-x","article-title":"The reinstatement model of drug relapse: history, methodology and major findings","volume":"168","author":"Shaham","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-024-00592-5","article-title":"Different mechanisms underlie compulsive alcohol self-administration in male and female rats","volume":"15","author":"Toivainen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol. Sex Differ."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-021-05846-3","article-title":"Females develop features of an addiction-like phenotype sooner during withdrawal than males","volume":"238","author":"Towers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.841873","article-title":"Sex- and dose-dependent differences in the development of an addiction-like phenotype following extended-access fentanyl self-administration","volume":"13","author":"Towers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-019-0356-1","article-title":"Sex differences in opioid reinforcement under a fentanyl vs. food choice procedure in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology: official publication of the American college of","volume":"44","author":"Townsend","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"}],"container-title":["Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091305726000213?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091305726000213?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T05:09:23Z","timestamp":1773378563000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0091305726000213"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S0091305726000213"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-3057"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-3057","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Greater persistence of responding for fentanyl in female versus male rats","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174166","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"174166"}}