{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T05:55:34Z","timestamp":1775714134654,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Korea Ministry of Science and ICT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2023R1A2C2005346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2023R1A2C2005346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005006","name":"Asan Medical Center Asan Institute for Life Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024IL0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024IL0004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T16:16:17Z","timestamp":1773245777000},"page":"174187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Dexmedetomidine pre-injection attenuates fear response via prelimbic cortex modulation in an electric shock\u2013induced PTSD adolescent rat model"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"263","author":[{"given":"Minhyo","family":"Seo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minji","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung-Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong-Seok","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jihyun","family":"Noh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0005","series-title":"Comprehensive Guide to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders","first-page":"1553","article-title":"Electric shock as model of post-traumatic stress disorder in rodents","author":"Aliczki","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0010","series-title":"Translational Methods for PTSD Research","first-page":"135","article-title":"An integrative model for endophenotypes relevant to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): detailed methodology for inescapable tail shock stress (IS) and juvenile social exploration (JSE)","author":"Andersen","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.2174\/138945009788982423","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine use in general anaesthesia","volume":"10","author":"Arcangeli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.07.002","article-title":"Sex bias in neuroscience and biomedical research","volume":"35","author":"Beery","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.64003","article-title":"Basolateral amygdala lesions do not prevent memory of context-footshock training","volume":"10","author":"Berlau","year":"2003","journal-title":"Learn. Mem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200059020-00012","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine","volume":"59","author":"Bhana","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.108.s417.3.x","article-title":"Neuroanatomical circuits modulating fear and anxiety behaviors","volume":"108","author":"Charney","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2011.08.012","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of glutamate release from rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals by \u03b12 adrenoceptor agonist dexmedetomidine","volume":"670","author":"Chiu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0045","series-title":"Contemporary Practice in Clinical Chemistry","first-page":"895","article-title":"Basic pharmacokinetics","author":"Clarke","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890.2021.1976139","article-title":"Differences between adult and adolescent male mice in approach\/avoidance and expression of hippocampal NPY in response to acute footshock","volume":"24","author":"Cortes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0055","series-title":"Methods of Behavior Analysis in Neuroscience","article-title":"Cued and contextual fear conditioning for rodents, methods of behavior analysis in neuroscience","author":"Curzon","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2014.05.021","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine increases the activity of excitatory amino acid transporter type 3 expressed in Xenopus oocytes: the involvement of protein kinase C and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase","volume":"738","author":"Do","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0065","first-page":"59","article-title":"A comparative study of the effect of dexmedetomidine-fentanyl and midazolam-ketamine combination on the level of sedation in children undergoing bone marrow biopsy","volume":"9","author":"Egbali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Anesthesia Crit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(99)00186-2","article-title":"Contextual fear, gestalt memories, and the hippocampus","volume":"110","author":"Fanselow","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300324","article-title":"Activation of \u03b12 adrenergic receptors suppresses fear conditioning: expression of c-Fos and phosphorylated CREB in mouse amygdala","volume":"29","author":"Frances Davies","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2789","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.145","article-title":"Preclinical evaluation of reconsolidation blockade by clonidine as a potential novel treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"37","author":"Gamache","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.08.026","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine modulates neuroinflammation and improves outcome via alpha2-adrenergic receptor signaling after rat spinal cord injury","volume":"123","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2022.115293","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine alleviates anxiety-like behavior in mice following peripheral nerve injury by reducing the hyperactivity of glutamatergic neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex","volume":"206","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.2344\/0003-3006-62.1.31","article-title":"Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists: a review of current clinical applications","volume":"62","author":"Giovannitti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesth. Prog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2015.00298","article-title":"The role of the medial prefrontal cortex in the conditioning and extinction of fear","volume":"9","author":"Giustino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2019.01.006","article-title":"Sex differential effect of dexmedetomidine on fear memory extinction and anxiety behavior in adolescent rats","volume":"149","author":"Jang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2022.105752","article-title":"Oxytocin modulation in the medial prefrontal cortex of pair-exposed rats during fear conditioning","volume":"141","author":"Jang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sane.2006.02.002","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine and neuroprotection","volume":"25","author":"Janke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sem. Anesthesia Perioperative Med. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2014.06.013","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine alleviates anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive impairments in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"54","author":"Ji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-025-03682-z","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine elicits a prolonged anxiolytic effect by inhibiting adrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus in mice","volume":"15","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.5607\/en20038","article-title":"Role of medial prefrontal cortical neurons and oxytocin modulation in the establishment of social buffering","volume":"30","author":"Jung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12100","article-title":"Involvement of protein kinase B\/Akt in analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine on neuropathic pain","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1080\/03639045.2016.1232727","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexmedetomidine","volume":"42","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11070846","article-title":"The current role of dexmedetomidine as neuroprotective agent: an updated review","volume":"11","author":"Liaquat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2023.109710","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine relieves inflammatory pain by enhancing GABAergic synaptic activity in pyramidal neurons of the anterior cingulate cortex","volume":"240","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2004.08.044","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine produces its neuroprotective effect via the \u03b12A-adrenoceptor subtype","volume":"502","author":"Ma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.121.2.335","article-title":"Spatial exploration is required for the formation of contextual fear memory","volume":"121","author":"McHugh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.121208.131631","article-title":"Fear extinction as a model for translational neuroscience: ten years of progress","volume":"63","author":"Milad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2003.09.021","article-title":"Ventral medial prefrontal cortex and emotional perseveration: the memory for prior extinction training","volume":"146","author":"Morgan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0175","series-title":"Scientific Foundations of Biochemistry in Clinical Practice","first-page":"758","article-title":"The regulation and monitoring of drug therapy","author":"Mould","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0180","first-page":"GE01","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine in current anaesthesia practice- a review","volume":"8","author":"Naaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0185","series-title":"The Rat Brain, in Stereotaxic Coordinates","author":"Paxinos","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.01041","article-title":"Upregulation of GLT-1 via PI3K\/Akt pathway contributes to neuroprotection induced by dexmedetomidine","volume":"10","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2006.07.004","article-title":"Prefrontal involvement in the regulation of emotion: convergence of rat and human studies","volume":"16","author":"Quirk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.08.002","article-title":"Involvement of medial prefrontal cortex neurons in behavioral and cardiovascular responses to contextual fear conditioning","volume":"143","author":"Resstel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2014.00230","article-title":"Optogenetic dissection of medial prefrontal cortex circuitry","volume":"8","author":"Riga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114934","article-title":"The impact of partner interaction on brief social buffering in adolescent female rats as analyzed by deep learning-based object detection algorithms","volume":"297","author":"Seo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1364.025","article-title":"Toward an animal model of posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"1071","author":"Siegmund","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2010.02.005","article-title":"Prefrontal control of fear: more than just extinction","volume":"20","author":"Sotres-Bayon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.27.3.449","article-title":"Localization of \u03b12A- and \u03b12B-adrenergic receptor subtypes in brain","volume":"27","author":"Tavares","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3945","article-title":"Neuronal circuits for fear and anxiety","volume":"16","author":"Tovote","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15003","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.25.15003","article-title":"Basolateral amygdala is not critical for cognitive memory of contextual fear conditioning","volume":"95","author":"Vazdarjanova","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S163197","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine against isoflurane-induced neuronal injury via glutamate regulation in neonatal rats","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1589075","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine potently and reversibly regulates stress-mediated behaviors","volume":"16","author":"Yocca","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2023.110698","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine alleviates anxiety-like behaviors in female mice with musculoskeletal pain through SIRT1\/p53 axis","volume":"201","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2013.01.001","article-title":"Differential effectiveness of tianeptine, clonidine and amitriptyline in blocking traumatic memory expression, anxiety and hypertension in an animal model of PTSD","volume":"44","author":"Zoladz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091305726000420?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091305726000420?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T05:26:27Z","timestamp":1775712387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0091305726000420"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S0091305726000420"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-3057"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-3057","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dexmedetomidine pre-injection attenuates fear response via prelimbic cortex modulation in an electric shock\u2013induced PTSD adolescent rat model","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pbb.2026.174187","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"174187"}}