{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:37:26Z","timestamp":1790879846533,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]],"date-time":"2006-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1157068800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]],"date-time":"2006-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1157068800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,11]],"date-time":"2021-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5246,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T14:32:25Z","timestamp":1141223545000},"page":"80-85","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":226,"title":["Acute effects of UVR on human eyes and skin"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Antony R.","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2004.11.016","article-title":"Melanogenesis: a photoprotective response to DNA damage?","volume":"571","author":"Agar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1995.tb03961.x","article-title":"Action spectrum for erythema in humans investigated with dye lasers","volume":"61","author":"Anders","year":"1995","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12275683","article-title":"Effect of cutaneous hypoxia upon erythema and pigment responses to UVA, UVB, and PUVA (8-MOP+UVA) in human skin","volume":"86","author":"Auletta","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12485.x","article-title":"High ultraviolet A protection affords greater immune protection confirming that ultraviolet A contributes to photoimmunosuppression in humans","volume":"121","author":"Baron","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1999.00570.x","article-title":"Suppressed alloantigen presentation, increased TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-1Ra, IL-10, and modulation of TNF-R in UV-irradiated human skin","volume":"112","author":"Barr","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000108491.62935.DF","article-title":"Skin cancers in renal-transplant recipients occur more frequently than previously recognized in a temperate climate","volume":"77","author":"Bordea","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00000209","article-title":"Comparative quantification of IL-1beta, IL-10, IL-10r, TNFalpha and IL-7 mRNA levels in UV-irradiated human skin in vivo","volume":"49","author":"Brink","year":"2000","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19980413)76:2<201::AID-IJC6>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Sunlight and carcinogenesis: expression of p53 and pyrimidine dimers in human skin following UVA I, UVA I+II and solar simulating radiations","volume":"76","author":"Burren","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1999.00523.x","article-title":"In situ repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 6\u20134 photoproducts in human skin exposed to solar simulating radiation","volume":"112","author":"Bykov","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0781.2000.160104.x","article-title":"The kinetics of the tanning response to tanning bed exposures","volume":"16","author":"Caswell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/1011-1344(94)07096-7","article-title":"The detection of cyclobutane thymine dimers, (6\u20134) photolesions and the Dewar photoisomers in sections of UV-irradiated human skin using specific antibodies, and the demonstration of depth penetration effects","volume":"28","author":"Chadwick","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/S1046-2023(02)00208-6","article-title":"Measurement of ultraviolet radiation-induced suppression of recall contact and delayed-type hypersensitivity in humans","volume":"28","author":"Damian","year":"2002","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.11.1462","article-title":"Mechanisms of photoaging and chronological skin aging","volume":"138","author":"Fisher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23857.x","article-title":"Measurement of sunscreen immune protection factors in humans: a consensus paper","volume":"125","author":"Fourtanier","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jidsp.5640178","article-title":"DNA photodamage stimulates melanogenesis and other photoprotective responses","volume":"4","author":"Gilchrest","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(83)70131-3","article-title":"Histologic changes associated with ultraviolet A-induced erythema in normal human skin","volume":"9","author":"Gilchrest","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2005.07.011","article-title":"Cytokines and Langerhans cell mobilisation in mouse and man","volume":"32","author":"Griffiths","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/S1046-2023(02)00205-0","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation-induced erythema in human skin","volume":"28","author":"Harrison","year":"2002","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202X.2003.22119.x","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation-induced inflammation as a model for cutaneous hyperalgesia","volume":"122","author":"Harrison","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1988.tb01746.x","article-title":"The presence of neutrophils in human cutaneous ultraviolet-B inflammation","volume":"118","author":"Hawk","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 8","key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S140","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.13.s8.25.x","article-title":"UVA, pheomelanin and the carcinogenesis of melanoma","volume":"13","author":"Hill","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1993.tb02326.x","article-title":"An ultraviolet radiation action spectrum for immediate pigment darkening","volume":"57","author":"Irwin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701369","article-title":"The environment and the eye","volume":"18","author":"Johnson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/S1011-1344(98)00136-5","article-title":"A single exposure of solar simulated radiation suppresses contact hypersensitivity responses both locally and systemically in humans: quantitative studies with high-frequency ultrasound","volume":"44","author":"Kelly","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.3.561","article-title":"Sensitivity to sunburn is associated with susceptibility to ultraviolet radiation-induced suppression of cutaneous cell-mediated immunity","volume":"191","author":"Kelly","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1562\/0031-8655(2001)073<0657:IOMFMM>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Induction of mRNA for matrix metalloproteinase 1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 in human skin in vivo by solar simulated radiation","volume":"73","author":"Lahmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23731.x","article-title":"An action spectrum for the production of cis-urocanic acid in human skin in vivo","volume":"124","author":"McLoone","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0625.2003.00020.x","article-title":"Efficacy of broad-spectrum sunscreens against the suppression of elicitation of delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in humans depends on the level of ultraviolet A protection","volume":"12","author":"Moyal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S1046-2023(02)00210-4","article-title":"Studies to determine the immunomodulating effects of cis-urocanic acid","volume":"28","author":"Norval","year":"2002","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.04340.x","article-title":"Effects of solar-simulated radiation dose fractionation on CD1a+ Langerhans cells and CD11b+ macrophages in human skin","volume":"145","author":"Novakovic","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1982.tb04362.x","article-title":"Erythema and melanogenesis action spectra of normal human skin","volume":"36","author":"Parrish","year":"1982","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/S1011-1344(01)00196-8","article-title":"Ocular phototoxicity","volume":"64","author":"Roberts","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib33","first-page":"95","article-title":"Immediate pigment darkening: description, kinetic and biological function","volume":"9","author":"Routaboul","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1039\/b108291d","article-title":"The sunburn cell revisited: an update on mechanistic aspects","volume":"1","author":"Sheehan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1998.tb02518.x","article-title":"Tanning in human skin types II and III offers modest photoprotection against erythema","volume":"68","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2002.01681.x","article-title":"Repeated ultraviolet exposure affords the same protection against DNA photodamage and erythema in human skin types II and IV but is associated with faster DNA repair in skin type IV","volume":"118","author":"Sheehan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/S1011-1344(01)00229-9","article-title":"Photoprotection of the eye\u2014UV radiation and sunglasses","volume":"64","author":"Sliney","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12480680","article-title":"Pheomelanin as well as eumelanin is present in human epidermis","volume":"97","author":"Thody","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d684","DOI":"10.2741\/ullrich","article-title":"Photoimmune suppression and photocarcinogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Ullrich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202X.2004.22201.x","article-title":"Ultraviolet-radiation-induced erythema and suppression of contact hypersensitivity responses in patients with polymorphic light eruption","volume":"122","author":"van de Pas","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/00008390-199802000-00009","article-title":"Phaeomelanin versus eumelanin as a chemical indicator of ultraviolet sensitivity in fair-skinned subjects at high risk for melanoma: a pilot study","volume":"8","author":"Vincensi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Melanoma Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s004030050446","article-title":"Determinants of melanocyte density in adult human skin","volume":"291","author":"Whiteman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12361.x","article-title":"Immune protection factors of chemical sunscreens measured in the local contact hypersensitivity model in humans","volume":"121","author":"Wolf","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S1046-2023(02)00209-8","article-title":"Measurement of UVB-induced DNA damage and its consequences in models of immunosuppression","volume":"28","author":"Yarosh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12504877","article-title":"Susceptibility to effects of UVB radiation on induction of contact hypersensitivity as a risk factor for skin cancer in humans","volume":"95","author":"Yoshikawa","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/42\/5\/004","article-title":"Chromophores in human skin","volume":"42","author":"Young","year":"1997","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1985.tb01585.x","article-title":"Laser Doppler velocimetry to quantify UV-B induced increase in human skin blood flow","volume":"42","author":"Young","year":"1985","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12349031","article-title":"The in situ repair kinetics of epidermal thymine dimers and 6\u20134 photoproducts in human skin types I and II","volume":"106","author":"Young","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00436.x","article-title":"The similarity of action spectra for thymine dimers in human epidermis and erythema suggests that DNA is the chromophore for erythema","volume":"111","author":"Young","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1097\/00008390-200112000-00001","article-title":"Development of an integrated method of skin phenotype measurement using the melanins","volume":"11","author":"Zanetti","year":"2001","journal-title":"Melanoma Res."}],"container-title":["Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0079610706000198?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0079610706000198?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T21:40:24Z","timestamp":1758750024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0079610706000198"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0079610706000198"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0079-6107"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0079-6107","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Acute effects of UVR on human eyes and skin","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}