{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T19:38:23Z","timestamp":1786995503745,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]],"date-time":"2009-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1251763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,2]],"date-time":"2009-09-02T04:31:40Z","timestamp":1251865900000},"page":"115-125","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Antiphospholipid Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Diane","family":"George","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doruk","family":"Erkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199907)42:7<1309::AID-ANR1>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"International consensus statement on preliminary classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome: report of an international workshop","volume":"42","author":"Wilson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2006.01753.x","article-title":"International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Miyakis","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra002974","article-title":"The antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"346","author":"Levine","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-37-3-559","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus preceded by false positive serologic tests for syphilis: presentation of five cases","volume":"37","author":"Haserick","year":"1952","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2007.10.006","article-title":"Controversies and unresolved issues in antiphospholipid syndrome pathogenesis and management","volume":"22","author":"Baker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hematology\/Oncology Clinics of North America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1006\/jaut.2000.0409","article-title":"Epidemiology of the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Petri","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.9.1050","article-title":"Management of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome \u2014 a systematic review","volume":"295","author":"Lim","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22663","article-title":"A randomized double blind placebo controlled trial in asymptomatic antiphospholipid antibody patients","volume":"56","author":"Erkan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-004-0024-1","article-title":"What is antiphospholipid syndrome?","volume":"6","author":"Erkan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(02)00007-8","article-title":"Etiology and pathogenetic mechanisms of the antiphospholipid syndrome unraveled","volume":"24","author":"Shoenfeld","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200318817","article-title":"Complement C5a receptors and neutrophils mediate fetal injury in the antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"112","author":"Girardi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1017\/S1462399407000506","article-title":"New targeted therapies for treatment of antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Pierangeli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1038\/ncprheum1017","article-title":"New approaches for managing antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Erkan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.8.924","article-title":"A cross-sectional study of clinical thrombotic risk factors and preventive treatments in antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"41","author":"Erkan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-117-4-303","article-title":"Antiphospholipid thrombosis: clinical course after the first thrombotic event in 70 patients","volume":"117","author":"Rosove","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203305lu2202oa","article-title":"Cardiac involvement in the antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Tenedios","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1177\/096120339600500306","article-title":"Libman-Sacks endocarditis in the antiphospholipid syndrome: immunopathologic findings in deformed heart valves","volume":"5","author":"Ziporen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.8.1579","article-title":"Heart valve involvement (Libman-Sacks endocarditis) in the antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"93","author":"Hojnik","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1177\/096120339100100108","article-title":"High prevalence of significant heart valve lesions in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"1","author":"Cervera","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2003.07.016","article-title":"Increased morbidity and mortality in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome undergoing valve replacement surgery","volume":"127","author":"Berkun","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2007.03.010","article-title":"Cardiovascular surgical outcomes in patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome\u2014A case-series","volume":"16","author":"Hegde","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-116-4-293","article-title":"Valvular heart disease in the primary antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"116","author":"Galve","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2007.11.004","article-title":"The antiphospholipid syndrome and heart valve surgery","volume":"33","author":"Gorki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(00)01453-3","article-title":"Prevalence and relation to risk factors of carotid atherosclerosis and left ventricular hypertrophy in systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"87","author":"Roman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10187","article-title":"Antiphospholipid syndrome: clinical and immunologic manifestations and patterns of disease expression in a cohort of 1,000 patients","volume":"46","author":"Cervera","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1177\/096120339800700229","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies and myocardial infarction","volume":"7","author":"Vaarala","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)92258-0","article-title":"Antibodies to cardiolipin in young survivors of myocardial infarction: an association with recurrent cardiovascular events","volume":"1","author":"Hamsten","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.1.23","article-title":"Anti-cardiolipin antibodies and risk of myocardial infarction in a prospective cohort of middle-aged men","volume":"91","author":"Vaarala","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)91057-F","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies after myocardial infarction and their relation to mortality, reinfarction, and non-haemorrhagic stroke","volume":"339","author":"Sletnes","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(90)91439-D","article-title":"Prevalence of anticardiolipin antibodies in coronary artery disease","volume":"65","author":"Caterina","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000154858.27353.df","article-title":"Assessment of cardiac structure and left atrial appendage functions in primary antiphospholipid syndrome: a transesophageal echocardiographic study","volume":"36","author":"Erdogan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1191\/096120300678828532","article-title":"Evaluation of cardiac abnormalities and embolic sources in primary antiphospholipid syndrome by transesophageal echocardiography","volume":"9","author":"Turiel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib33","first-page":"2658","article-title":"The role of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Erkan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2007.10.002","article-title":"The role of antiphospholipid syndrome in cardiovascular disease","volume":"22","author":"Long","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(90)90368-N","article-title":"Association between antiphospholipid antibodies and cardiac abnormalities in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"89","author":"Leung","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1080\/10446670410001722186","article-title":"Are oxidized LDL\/B2glycoprotein 1 complexes pathogenic antigens in autoimmune mediated atherosclerosis?","volume":"11","author":"Matsuura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Dev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.51.2.152","article-title":"Fasting lipids and anticardiolipin antibodies as risk factors for vascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"51","author":"MacGregor","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.12.010","article-title":"Anticardiolipin antibodies and endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"101","author":"Marai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1191\/096120300678828226","article-title":"Detection of coronary artery disease and the role of traditional risk factors in the Hopkins Lupus Cohort","volume":"9","author":"Petri","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009122","article-title":"Age specific incidence rates of myocardial infarction and angina in women with systemic lupus erythematosus: comparison with the Framingham Study","volume":"145","author":"Manzi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa035471","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"349","author":"Roman","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keg182","article-title":"Atherosclerosis in premenopausal women with antiphospholipid syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus: a controlled study","volume":"42","author":"Vlachoyiannopoulos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib43","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies and atherosclerosis: insights from systemic lupus erythematosus and primary antiphospholipid syndrome","author":"Ames","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2009.03308.x","article-title":"Atherosclerosis in thrombotic primary antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Ames","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2008.05.015","article-title":"Patients with primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and without associated vascular risk factors present a normal endothelial function","volume":"123","author":"Gresele","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thromb Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3320","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11359","article-title":"Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: where do we stand?","volume":"48","author":"Erkan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-8077.2004.00096.x","article-title":"Multiorgan failure due to rapid occlusive vascular disease in antiphospholipid syndrome: the \u201ccatastrophic\u201d antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Cervera","year":"2004","journal-title":"APLAR J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.025759","article-title":"Validation of the preliminary criteria for the classification of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"64","author":"Cervera","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199805000-00005","article-title":"Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome. Clinical and laboratory features of 50 patients","volume":"77","author":"Asherson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066606287041","article-title":"Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Vero","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203303lu394oa","article-title":"Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome Registry Project Group. Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: international consensus statement on classification criteria and treatment guidelines","volume":"12","author":"Asherson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa035241","article-title":"Comparison of two intensities of warfarin for the prevention of recurrent thrombosis in patients with the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome","volume":"349","author":"Crowther","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2007.02.009","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies: lessons from the bench","volume":"28","author":"Koike","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Autoimmune"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23111","article-title":"Warfarin and the antiphospholipid syndrome. Does one size fit all","volume":"57","author":"Kasthuri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(98)00060-6","article-title":"Anticardiolipin antibodies predict early recurrence of thromboembolism and death among patients with venous thromboembolism following anticoagulant therapy. Duration of Anticoagulation Study Group","volume":"104","author":"Schulman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J of Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1740-2557-5-6","article-title":"Controversies in the management of the antiphospholipid syndrome: can we ever stop warfarin?","volume":"5","author":"Fonseca","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Autoimmune Dis"},{"issue":"9 Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"I10","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000140902.46296.ae","article-title":"Long-term management of patients after venous thromboembolism","volume":"110","author":"Kearon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib58","first-page":"S595","article-title":"Warfarin alternatives for secondary thrombosis prophylaxis in antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"52","author":"Kaul","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib59","first-page":"CD002859","article-title":"Prevention of recurrent miscarriage for women with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome or lupus anticoagulant","volume":"2","author":"Empson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20105","article-title":"Management of the obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"50","author":"Derksen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib61","first-page":"4078","article-title":"Rituximab in the primary antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"52","author":"Tenedios","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2004.06.019","article-title":"The antiphospholipid syndrome as a model for B cell-induced autoimmune diseases","volume":"114","author":"Youinou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203303lu391oa","article-title":"Cardiac disease in the antiphospholipid syndrome: recommendations for treatment. Committee consensus report","volume":"12","author":"Lockshin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lupus."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(99)70424-2","article-title":"Echocardiographic evaluation of patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"137","author":"Espinola-Zavaleta","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(96)90409-3","article-title":"Multiple early percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty failures related to lupus anticoagulant","volume":"132","author":"Chambers","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.1810310208","article-title":"Lupus anticoagulant: a potential risk factor following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty","volume":"31","author":"Auglin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.79.1.96","article-title":"Primary antiphospholipid syndrome with acute myocardial infarction recanalized by PTCA","volume":"79","author":"Takeuchi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S1607-551X(09)70468-1","article-title":"Acute thrombosis after elective direct intracoronary stenting in primary antiphospholipid syndrome: a case report","volume":"19","author":"Su","year":"2003","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J Med Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib69","first-page":"194","volume":"14","author":"Badak","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Invasive Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/00001721-200401000-00015","article-title":"Successful treatment of post-exertion acute myocardial infarction by primary angioplasty and stenting in a patient with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Musuraca","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203307085251","article-title":"Effect of rituximab on clinical and laboratory features of antiphospholipid syndrome: a case report and a review of literature","volume":"17","author":"Erre","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib72","first-page":"1715","article-title":"Lupus and thrombosis","volume":"33","author":"Erkan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203307084724","article-title":"Influence of aspirin on the clinical outcomes of 103 anti-phospholipid positive patients","volume":"17","author":"Hereng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24232","article-title":"Risk factors for thrombosis and primary thrombosis prevention in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with or without antiphospholipid antibodies","volume":"61","author":"Tektonidou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib75","first-page":"e873","article-title":"Primary prevention of ischemic stroke: a guideline from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association Stroke Council","volume":"113","author":"Goldstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib76","first-page":"843","article-title":"Perioperative medical management of antiphospholipid syndrome: hospital for special surgery experience, review of literature, and recommendations","volume":"29","author":"Erkan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200005000-00017","article-title":"Antiphospholipid syndrome and cardiac surgery: management of anticoagulation in two patients","volume":"90","author":"East","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2008.01.021","volume":"22","author":"Weiss","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(94)90270-4","article-title":"On the inhibitory effect of chloroquine on blood platelet aggregation","volume":"74","author":"Jancinova","year":"1994","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1177\/096120339600500105","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine use in the Baltimore Lupus Cohort: effects on lipids, glucose and thrombosis","volume":"5","author":"Petri","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.093013","article-title":"Risk and protective factors for thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: results from a large, multi-ethnic cohort","volume":"68","author":"Kaiser","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S1462399407000506","article-title":"New targeted therapies for treatment of thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Pierangeli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3272","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11449","article-title":"Inhibition of the thrombogenic and inflammatory properties of antiphospholipid antibodies by fluvastatin in an in vivo mouse model","volume":"48","author":"Ferrara","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2870","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200112)44:12<2870::AID-ART475>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Statins prevent endothelial cell activation induced by antiphospholipid (anti-beta 2 glycoprotein 1) antibodies: effect on the proadhesive and proinflammatory phenotype","volume":"44","author":"Meroni","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2004.00896.x","article-title":"Fluvastatin inhibits up-regulation of tissue factor expression by antiphospholipid antibodies on endothelial cells","volume":"2","author":"Ferrara","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0807646","article-title":"Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein","volume":"359","author":"Ridker","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0900241","article-title":"A randomized trial of Rosuvastatin in the prevention of venous thromboembolism","volume":"360","author":"Glynn","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033062009000498?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033062009000498?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T05:58:30Z","timestamp":1558504710000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0033062009000498"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033062009000498"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.06.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-0620"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-0620","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}}}