{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T20:27:49Z","timestamp":1793305669290,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]],"date-time":"2018-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525132800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,8]],"date-time":"2017-12-08T22:18:45Z","timestamp":1512771525000},"page":"3-9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Fructose-induced inflammation and increased cortisol: A new mechanism for how sugar induces visceral adiposity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"James J.","family":"DiNicolantonio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varshil","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neema","family":"Onkaramurthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James H.","family":"O'Keefe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00033.2011","article-title":"Pathophysiology of human visceral obesity: an update","volume":"93","author":"Tchernof","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI37385","article-title":"Consuming fructose-sweetened, not glucose-sweetened, beverages increases visceral adiposity and lipids and decreases insulin sensitivity in overweight\/obese humans","volume":"119","author":"Stanhope","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.me.44.020193.001005","article-title":"Role of insulin resistance in human disease (syndrome X): an expanded definition","volume":"44","author":"Reaven","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2012.736257","article-title":"High fructose corn syrup and diabetes prevalence: a global perspective","volume":"8","author":"Goran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Glob Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(21)05813-2","article-title":"The composition of a simulated American diet: comparison of chemical analyses and estimates from food composition tables","volume":"73","author":"Ahrens","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2014.12.019","article-title":"Added fructose: a principal driver of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its consequences","volume":"90","author":"DiNicolantonio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.116975","article-title":"Effects of fructose vs glucose on regional cerebral blood flow in brain regions involved with appetite and reward pathways","volume":"309","author":"Page","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/58.5.724S","article-title":"Manufacturing, composition, and applications of fructose","volume":"58","author":"Hanover","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2010.10.003","article-title":"Fructose induced lipogenesis: from sugar to fat to insulin resistance","volume":"22","author":"Samuel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E281","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00332.2002","article-title":"Free fatty acids increase basal hepatic glucose production and induce hepatic insulin resistance at different sites","volume":"284","author":"Lam","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2963","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031855","article-title":"Dietary fructose reduces circulating insulin and leptin, attenuates postprandial suppression of ghrelin, and increases triglycerides in women","volume":"89","author":"Teff","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2006.12.010","article-title":"Fructose-induced hepatic gluconeogenesis: effect of l-carnitine","volume":"80","author":"Rajasekar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-2192","article-title":"Endocrine and metabolic effects of consuming fructose- and glucose-sweetened beverages with meals in obese men and women: influence of insulin resistance on plasma triglyceride responses","volume":"94","author":"Teff","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/33.2.273","article-title":"Impaired cellular insulin binding and insulin sensitivity induced by high-fructose feeding in normal subjects","volume":"33","author":"Beck-Nielsen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/983814","article-title":"Ectopic fat and insulin resistance: pathophysiology and effect of diet and lifestyle interventions","volume":"2012","author":"Snel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-013-0641-4","article-title":"Hepatic inflammation induced by high-fructose diet is associated with altered 11\u03b2HSD1 expression in the liver of Wistar rats","volume":"53","author":"Vasiljevi\u0107","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.284","article-title":"High fructose diets increase 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in liver and visceral adipose in rats within 24-h exposure","volume":"19","author":"London","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422412000054","article-title":"Excess body fat in obese and normal-weight subjects","volume":"25","author":"Thomas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr Res Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2011.142","article-title":"The missing risk: MRI and MRS phenotyping of abdominal adiposity and ectopic fat","volume":"20","author":"Thomas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S52","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8227(11)70014-6","article-title":"Insulin effects in muscle and adipose tissue","volume":"93","author":"Dimitriadis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.8.1617","article-title":"The \u201cmetabolically-obese,\u201d normal-weight individual","volume":"34","author":"Ruderman","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1139\/h06-092","article-title":"Characteristics of metabolically obese normal-weight (MONW) subjects","volume":"32","author":"Conus","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2009.00623.x","article-title":"Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: structural and functional differences","volume":"11","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0801891","article-title":"General and abdominal adiposity and risk of death in Europe","volume":"359","author":"Pischon","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.710509","article-title":"Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes are cross-sectionally related to markers of inflammation and oxidative stress: the Framingham heart study","volume":"116","author":"Pou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.288.6428.1401","article-title":"Abdominal adipose tissue distribution, obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: 13year follow-up of participants in the study of men born in 1913","volume":"288","author":"Larsson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.289.6454.1257","article-title":"Distribution of adipose tissue and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: a 12year follow-up of participants in the population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden","volume":"289","author":"Lapidus","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0140","series-title":"Metabolic complications of human obesities","first-page":"49","article-title":"The independent contributions of various indices of obesity to the 22-year incidence of coronary heart disease: the Framingham Heart Study","author":"Stokes","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0145","first-page":"229","article-title":"The pattern of subcutaneous fat distribution in middle-aged men and risk of coronary heart disease: the Paris prospective study","volume":"10","author":"Ducimeti\u00e8re","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)91605-9","article-title":"Central obesity and coronary heart disease in men","volume":"1","author":"Donahue","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.34.10.1055","article-title":"The influence of body fat distribution on the incidence of diabetes mellitus-13.5years of follow-up of the participants in the study of men born in 1913","volume":"34","author":"Ohlson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2010.06.008","article-title":"Fructose: metabolic, hedonic, and societal parallels with ethanol","volume":"110","author":"Lustig","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2005.tb00132.x","article-title":"Dietary fructose: implications for dysregulation of energy homeostasis and lipid\/carbohydrate metabolism","volume":"63","author":"Havel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-007-0680-9","article-title":"Is the fructose index more relevant with regards to cardiovascular disease than the glycemic index?","volume":"46","author":"Segal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26812","article-title":"How safe is fructose for persons with or without diabetes?","volume":"88","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Lozada","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.3945\/an.112.003137","article-title":"Challenging the fructose hypothesis: new perspectives on fructose consumption and metabolism","volume":"4","author":"White","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1228","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.108.098277","article-title":"National estimates of dietary fructose intake increased from 1977 to 2004 in the United States","volume":"139","author":"Marriott","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E227","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.90245.2008","article-title":"Regulation of the fructose transporter GLUT5 in health and disease","volume":"295","author":"Douard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.4.895","article-title":"How bad is fructose?","volume":"86","author":"Bray","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-042010-113026","article-title":"Role of fructose-containing sugars in the epidemics of obesity and metabolic syndrome","volume":"63","author":"Stanhope","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/58.5.754S","article-title":"Intermediary metabolism of fructose","volume":"58","author":"Mayes","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2010.10.003","article-title":"Fructose induced lipogenesis: from sugar to fat to insulin resistance","volume":"22","author":"Samuel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4320","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1119908109","article-title":"Opposing effects of fructokinase C and A isoforms on fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in mice","volume":"109","author":"Ishimoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-2-5","article-title":"Fructose, insulin resistance, and metabolic dyslipidemia","volume":"2","author":"Basciano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nutr Metab (Lond)"},{"issue":"42","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12939","DOI":"10.1021\/bi971157f","article-title":"Protein kinase C modulation of insulin receptor substrate-1 tyrosine phosphorylation requires serine 612","volume":"36","author":"De Fea","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007121304","article-title":"Fructose induces the inflammatory molecule ICAM-1 in endothelial cells","volume":"19","author":"Glushakova","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"5091","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7678183","article-title":"Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor-1: direct role in obesity-linked insulin resistance","volume":"259","author":"Hotamisligil","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451100033X","article-title":"Prevention and reversal of dietinduced leptin resistance with a sugar-free diet despite high fat content","volume":"106","author":"Shapiro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.68.4.437","article-title":"Leptin in the regulation of immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis","volume":"68","author":"Fantuzzi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-7-82","article-title":"Health implications of fructose consumption: a review of recent data","volume":"7","author":"Rizkalla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr Metab (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E685","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00283.2010","article-title":"Fructose: a highly lipogenic nutrient implicated in insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"299","author":"Dekker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.2310\/6650.2001.34108","article-title":"Central role of the adipocyte in the metabolic syndrome","volume":"49","author":"Bergman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Investig Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1159\/000222436","article-title":"Obesity and adipose tissue distribution as risk factors for the development of disease","volume":"17","author":"Bj\u00f6rntorp","year":"1990","journal-title":"Transfus Med Hemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.49.6.883","article-title":"The perils of portliness: causes and consequences of visceral adiposity","volume":"49","author":"Montague","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-1981(99)00182-1","article-title":"Mobilisation of triacylglycerol stores","volume":"1483","author":"Gibbons","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2562","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M600200-JLR200","article-title":"Delayed secretory pathway contributions to VLDL-triglycerides from plasma NEFA, diet, and de novo lipogenesis in humans","volume":"47","author":"Vedala","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3023","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.7.8638","article-title":"Fat accumulation in the liver is associated with defects in insulin suppression of glucose production and serum free fatty acids independent of obesity in normal men","volume":"87","author":"Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4-Lindroos","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"Supplement 2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-S002","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in humans and their potential links with mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"55","author":"Morino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.42.6.833","article-title":"Effects of acute hyperinsulinemia on VLDL triglyceride and VLDL apoB production in normal weight and obese individuals","volume":"42","author":"Lewis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S39","DOI":"10.1301\/nr.2007.jun.S39-S46","article-title":"Lipid mediators of insulin resistance","volume":"65","author":"Holland","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(88)80381-4","article-title":"Diacylglycerol activation of protein kinase C is modulated by long-chain acyl-CoA","volume":"152","author":"Bronfman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.9.7.7737456","article-title":"Protein kinase C and lipid signaling for sustained cellular responses","volume":"9","author":"Nishizuka","year":"1995","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"42","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12939","DOI":"10.1021\/bi971157f","article-title":"Protein kinase C modulation of insulin receptor substrate-1 tyrosine phosphorylation requires serine 612","volume":"36","author":"De Fea","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.1.30","article-title":"11\u03b2-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 is induced in human monocytes upon differentiation to macrophages","volume":"167","author":"Thieringer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1995.tb44700.x","article-title":"Effects of the immune\/inflammatory reaction on the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis","volume":"771","author":"Mastorakos","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2009.12.013","article-title":"11\u03b2-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 is an important regulator at the interface of obesity and inflammation","volume":"119","author":"Staab","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2005.05.003","volume":"20","author":"Karrow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03712.x","article-title":"Hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal (HPA) axis functioning in relation to body fat distribution","volume":"72","author":"Rutters","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2010.02325.x","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome: time to get off the merry-go-round?","volume":"269","author":"Reaven","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.142.5.8168","article-title":"Regulation of expression of 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in adipose tissue: tissue-specific induction by cytokines 1","volume":"142","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020510","article-title":"Modulation of 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in mature human subcutaneous adipocytes by hypothalamic messengers","volume":"88","author":"Friedberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-0760(00)00029-7","article-title":"Insulin attenuates the stimulatory effects of tumor necrosis factor _ on 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 in human adipose stromal cells","volume":"72","author":"Handoko","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E571","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00231.2010","article-title":"Pathways regulated by glucocorticoids in omental and subcutaneous human adipose tissues: a microarray study","volume":"300","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26223","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026223","article-title":"Regulation of lipogenesis by glucocorticoids and insulin in human adipose tissue","volume":"6","author":"Gathercole","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2010.01.010","article-title":"Dexamethasone facilitates lipid accumulation and mild feed restriction improves fatty acids oxidation in skeletal muscle of broiler chicks (Gallus gallusdomesticus)","volume":"151","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3109\/10253890.2010.543444","article-title":"Dexamethasone-induced hepatic lipogenesis is insulin dependent in chickens (Gallus gallusdomesticus)","volume":"14","author":"Cai Song","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.2165\/00024677-200201020-00002","article-title":"Classic and recent etiologies of Cushing's syndrome: diagnosis and therapy","volume":"1","author":"Beauregard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Treat Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1560159","article-title":"Regulation of 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in primary cultures of rat and human hepatocytes","volume":"156","author":"Ricketts","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1021\/bi015803t","article-title":"11\u03b2-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 from human liver: dimerization and enzyme cooperativity support its postulated role as glucocorticoid reductase","volume":"41","author":"Maser","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6603(03)75006-5","article-title":"Enzymology and molecular biology of glucocorticoid metabolism in humans","volume":"75","author":"Blum","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.12.022","article-title":"Hexose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PD) and corticosteroid metabolism","volume":"265\u2013266","author":"White","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1210\/mend-4-12-1827","article-title":"Expression of 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase using recombinant vaccinia virus","volume":"4","author":"Agarwal","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1993.tb00720.x","article-title":"11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoforms and their implications for blood pressure regulation","volume":"23","author":"Seckl","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Investig"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI17845","article-title":"Transgenic amplification of glucocorticoid action in adipose tissue causes high blood pressure in mice","volume":"112","author":"Masuzaki","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1210\/rp.59.1.359","article-title":"Glucocorticoids and 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in adipose tissue","volume":"59","author":"Seckl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Recent Prog Horm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1367.012","article-title":"Tissue production of cortisol by 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and metabolic disease","volume":"1083","author":"Walker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"13\u201314","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2007.06.001","article-title":"Inhibition of 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 as a promising therapeutic target","volume":"12","author":"Wamil","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-0969","article-title":"Cortisol release from adipose tissue by 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in humans","volume":"58","author":"Stimson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2009.02.012","article-title":"Diet and the role of 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 on obesity","volume":"20","author":"London","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1159\/000115363","article-title":"11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and obesity","volume":"36","author":"Morton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Front Horm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1366.030","article-title":"Local amplification of glucocorticoids by 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and its role in the inflammatory response","volume":"1088","author":"Chapman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7605","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.12.7605","article-title":"Local amplification of glucocorticoids by 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 promotes macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic leukocytes","volume":"176","author":"Gilmour","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2008.09.031","article-title":"The role and regulation of 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in the inflammatory response","volume":"301","author":"Chapman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2008.10.030","article-title":"Expression profiles of human 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases type 1 and type 2 in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"301","author":"Stegk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-0760(01)00041-3","article-title":"Induction of 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 but not - 2 in human aortic smooth muscle cells by inflammatory stimuli","volume":"77","author":"Cai","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.6.1037","article-title":"Modulation of 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isozymes by proinflammatory cytokines in osteoblasts: an autocrine switch from glucocorticoid inactivation to activation","volume":"16","author":"Cooper","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"5549","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1066285","article-title":"A transgenic model of visceral obesity and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"294","author":"Masuzaki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020510","article-title":"Modulation of 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in mature human subcutaneous adipocytes by hypothalamic messengers","volume":"88","author":"Friedberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.618","article-title":"Omental 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 correlates with fat cell size independently of obesity","volume":"15","author":"Michailidou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0500","first-page":"2989","article-title":"Modulation of cortisol metabolism by the growth hormone receptor antagonist pegvisomant in patients with acromegaly","volume":"86","author":"Trainer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.5.1364","article-title":"The contribution of visceral adipose tissue to splanchnic cortisol production in healthy humans","volume":"54","author":"Andrew","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0510","first-page":"3155","article-title":"Carbenoxolone increases hepatic insulin sensitivity in man: a novel role for 11-oxosteroid reductase in enhancing glucocorticoid receptor activation","volume":"80","author":"Walker","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021194","article-title":"Effects of the 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor carbenoxolone on insulin sensitivity in men with type 2 diabetes","volume":"88","author":"Andrews","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2506","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-0525","article-title":"11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 regulates glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle","volume":"58","author":"Morgan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200319246","article-title":"Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue","volume":"112","author":"Weisberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200319451","article-title":"Chronic inflammation in fat plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance","volume":"112","author":"Xu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.01004.x","article-title":"Is obesity an inflammatory illness? Role of low-grade inflammation and macrophage infiltration in human white adipose tissue","volume":"113","author":"Cancello","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2012.00087","article-title":"Aldose reductase, oxidative stress, and diabetic mellitus","volume":"3","author":"Tang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3561","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1562","article-title":"Sugar making sugar: gluconeogenesis triggered by fructose via a hypothalamic-adrenal-corticosterone circuit","volume":"153","author":"Cawley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30413","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R300017200","article-title":"Glyceroneogenesis and the triglyceride\/fatty acid cycle","volume":"278","author":"Reshef","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.7.1660","article-title":"The effect of pioglitazone on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma target genes related to lipid storage in vivo","volume":"27","author":"Bogacka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2003.11.010","article-title":"Regulation of glyceroneogenesis and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase by fatty acids, retinoic acids and thiazolidinediones: potential relevance to type 2 diabetes","volume":"85","author":"Tordjman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001578","article-title":"Financial conflicts of interest and reporting bias regarding the association between sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: a systematic review of systematic reviews","volume":"10","author":"Bes-Rastrollo","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0570","first-page":"346","article-title":"Dietary sugars and body weight: systematic review and meta-analyses or randomised controlled trials and cohort studies","volume":"15","author":"Te Morenga","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2015.04.018","article-title":"In reply\u2014fructose as a driver of diabetes: an incomplete view of the evidence","volume":"90","author":"DiNicolantonio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2015.08.010","article-title":"Lifestyle choices fuel epidemics of diabetes and cardiovascular disease among Asian Indians","volume":"58","author":"O'Keefe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2015.11.006","article-title":"The evidence for saturated fat and for sugar related to coronary heart disease","volume":"58","author":"DiNicolantonio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"}],"container-title":["Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033062017301627?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033062017301627?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]],"date-time":"2024-06-29T15:26:31Z","timestamp":1719674791000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0033062017301627"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"references-count":117,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033062017301627"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-0620"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-0620","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Fructose-induced inflammation and increased cortisol: A new mechanism for how sugar induces visceral adiposity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.12.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}