{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:59:07Z","timestamp":1790744347316,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,28]],"date-time":"2018-05-28T07:57:23Z","timestamp":1527494243000},"page":"151-156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":359,"title":["Obesity and the Obesity Paradox in Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Tamara B.","family":"Horwich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregg C.","family":"Fonarow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrienne L.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0005","series-title":"Prevalence of overweight, obesity, and extreme obesity among adults: United States, trends 1960\u20131962 through 2015\u20132016","author":"Fryar","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e535","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000450","article-title":"Contributory risk and management of comorbidities of hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and metabolic syndrome in chronic heart failure: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"134","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.09.006","article-title":"Biological phenotypes of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"70","author":"Lewis","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.11.040","article-title":"Impact of noncardiac comorbidities on morbidity and mortality in a predominantly male population with heart failure and preserved versus reduced ejection fraction","volume":"59","author":"Ather","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.65","article-title":"Epidemiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"14","author":"Dunlay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020245","article-title":"Obesity and the risk of heart failure","volume":"347","author":"Kenchaiah","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.807289","article-title":"Body mass index and vigorous physical activity and the risk of heart failure among men","volume":"119","author":"Kenchaiah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.887893","article-title":"Joint effects of physical activity, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio on the risk of heart failure","volume":"121","author":"Hu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.108.794099","article-title":"Adiposity and incidence of heart failure hospitalization and mortality: a population-based prospective study","volume":"2","author":"Levitan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.113.000532","article-title":"Relation of regional fat distribution to left ventricular structure and function: Neeland et al: fat distribution and cardiac morphology","volume":"6","author":"Neeland","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2015.12.003","article-title":"Update on obesity and obesity paradox in heart failure","volume":"58","author":"Lavie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01448-6","article-title":"The relationship between obesity and mortality in patients with heart failure","volume":"38","author":"Horwich","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.679779","article-title":"Body mass index and prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure: insights from the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program","volume":"116","author":"Kenchaiah","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2006.09.007","article-title":"An obesity paradox in acute heart failure: analysis of body mass index and inhospital mortality for 108,927 patients in the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry","volume":"153","author":"Fonarow","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2015.02.024","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the relation of body mass index to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"115","author":"Sharma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.94","article-title":"Assessing body composition with DXA and bioimpedance: effects of obesity, physical activity, and age","volume":"16","author":"Volgyi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2010.06.416","article-title":"Comparison of direct body composition assessment methods in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"16","author":"Oreopoulos","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e318233bc6a","article-title":"Assessing adiposity: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"124","author":"Cornier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802976","article-title":"Waist circumference and body composition in relation to all-cause mortality in middle-aged men and women","volume":"29","author":"Bigaard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.3.379","article-title":"Waist circumference and not body mass index explains obesity-related health risk","volume":"79","author":"Janssen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2011.01.009","article-title":"Waist circumference, body mass index, and survival in systolic heart failure: the obesity paradox revisited","volume":"17","author":"Clark","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.02.050","article-title":"The obesity paradox in men versus women with systolic heart failure","volume":"110","author":"Clark","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.09.1111","article-title":"Associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in patients with HFpEF","volume":"70","author":"Tsujimoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.10.017","article-title":"Adipose composition and heart failure prognosis: paradox or not?*","volume":"70","author":"Lavie","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(03)00031-6","article-title":"Body composition and prognosis in chronic systolic heart failure: the obesity paradox","volume":"91","author":"Lavie","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.01.059","article-title":"Changes in brain natriuretic peptide levels and bioelectrical impedance measurements after treatment with high-dose furosemide and hypertonic saline solution versus high-dose furosemide alone in refractory congestive heart failure: a double-blind study","volume":"45","author":"Paterna","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq218","article-title":"Body mass indices and outcome in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"13","author":"Futter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2012.03377.x","article-title":"Effect of bioimpedance body composition analysis on function of implanted cardiac devices","volume":"35","author":"Buch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2009.10.013","article-title":"Echocardiographic epicardial fat: a review of research and clinical applications","volume":"22","author":"Iacobellis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S371","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-s250","article-title":"Myocardial, perivascular, and epicardial fat","volume":"34","author":"Iozzo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn573","article-title":"Association of pericardial fat, intrathoracic fat, and visceral abdominal fat with cardiovascular disease burden: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"30","author":"Mahabadi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2011.191","article-title":"Liver attenuation, pericardial adipose tissue, obesity, and insulin resistance: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)","volume":"19","author":"McAuley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.03.058","article-title":"Epicardial fat volume in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction","volume":"108","author":"Khawaja","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.65","article-title":"Bioimpedance analysis parameters and epicardial adipose tissue assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with heart failure","volume":"18","author":"Doesch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.05.025","article-title":"Pericardial fat is associated with ventricular tachyarrhythmia and mortality in patients with systolic heart failure","volume":"241","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07015-8","article-title":"Wasting as independent risk factor for mortality in chronic heart failure","volume":"349","author":"Anker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002468","article-title":"Weight loss in obese patients with heart failure","volume":"5","author":"Zamora","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.06.046","article-title":"Relationships between right ventricular function, body composition and prognosis in advanced heart failure","volume":"62","author":"Melenovsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/chf.12038","article-title":"Prognosis of morbid obesity patients with advanced heart failure","volume":"19","author":"Nagarajan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Congest Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.06.056","article-title":"The obesity-mortality paradox in patients with heart failure in Taiwan and a collaborative meta-analysis for East Asian patients","volume":"118","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2004.06.047","article-title":"Body mass index and outcomes after left ventricular assist device placement","volume":"79","author":"Butler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7599.2005.00084.x","article-title":"The paradox of obesity in patients with heart failure","volume":"17","author":"Hall","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Acad Nurse Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2017.11.011","article-title":"Impact of body mass index on heart failure by race\/ethnicity from the get with the guidelines\u2013heart failure (GWTG\u2013HF) registry","volume":"6","author":"Powell-Wiley","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.08.042","article-title":"Relation of the prognostic value of ventilatory efficiency to body mass index in patients with heart failure","volume":"101","author":"Chase","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.83.3.778","article-title":"Value of peak exercise oxygen consumption for optimal timing of cardiac transplantation in ambulatory patients with heart failure","volume":"83","author":"Mancini","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2016.01.008","article-title":"Obesity and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and prognosis\u2014the obesity paradox updated","volume":"58","author":"Lavie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2013.01.006","article-title":"Impact of obesity and the obesity paradox on prevalence and prognosis in heart failure","volume":"1","author":"Lavie","year":"2013","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.10.023","article-title":"Impact of cardiorespiratory fitness on the obesity paradox in patients with systolic heart failure","volume":"115","author":"Clark","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0245","series-title":"Exercise Capacity and the Obesity Paradox in Heart Failure: The FIT (Henry Ford Exercise Testing) Project. Mayo Clinic Proceedings","author":"McAuley","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.05.005","article-title":"The interaction of cardiorespiratory fitness with obesity and the obesity paradox in cardiovascular disease","volume":"60","author":"Oktay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.4","article-title":"Body mass and survival in patients with chronic heart failure without cachexia: the importance of obesity","volume":"9","author":"Davos","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12892-9","article-title":"Prognostic importance of weight loss in chronic heart failure and the effect of treatment with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: an observational study","volume":"361","author":"Anker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.10.066","article-title":"Obesity and suppressed B-type natriuretic peptide levels in heart failure","volume":"43","author":"Mehra","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.12.068","article-title":"Obesity and cardiovascular disease: risk factor, paradox, and impact of weight loss","volume":"53","author":"Lavie","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)09286-1","article-title":"Endotoxin and immune activation in chronic heart failure: a prospective cohort study","volume":"353","author":"Niebauer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.11.039","article-title":"Reverse epidemiology of conventional cardiovascular risk factors in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"43","author":"Kalantar-Zadeh","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0285","first-page":"E971","article-title":"Production of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors by human subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo","volume":"277","author":"Mohamed-Ali","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0290","series-title":"Leptin-aldosterone-neprilysin axis. Identification of its distinctive role in the pathogenesis of the three phenotypes of heart failure in people with obesity","first-page":"1614","volume":"137","author":"Packer","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802006","article-title":"The effect of sex, age and race on estimating percentage body fat from body mass index: the Heritage Family Study","volume":"26","author":"Jackson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2008.11","article-title":"Accuracy of body mass index in diagnosing obesity in the adult general population","volume":"32","author":"Romero-Corral","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm243","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of body mass index to detect obesity in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"28","author":"Romero-Corral","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.10.4.497","article-title":"Regional distribution of body fat, plasma lipoproteins, and cardiovascular disease","volume":"10","author":"Despres","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyi253","article-title":"What aspects of body fat are particularly hazardous and how do we measure them?","volume":"35","author":"Snijder","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4570","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2867","article-title":"Circulating stem cells associate with adiposity and future metabolic deterioration in healthy subjects","volume":"100","author":"Fadini","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.02.086","article-title":"Beneficial cardiovascular effects of bariatric surgical and dietary weight loss in obesity","volume":"54","author":"Rider","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000216787.85457.f3","article-title":"Obesity and cardiovascular disease: pathophysiology, evaluation, and effect of weight loss","volume":"26","author":"Poirier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfs033","volume":"14","author":"McMurray","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0340","first-page":"2013","article-title":"ACCF\/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation\/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines","author":"Yancy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1097\/JCN.0b013e31819846b9","article-title":"Reduced body weight and adiposity with a high-protein diet improves functional status, lipid profiles, glycemic control, and quality of life in patients with heart failure: a feasibility study","volume":"24","author":"Evangelista","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4172\/2165-7904.1000118","article-title":"Lifestyle modification with diet and exercise in obese patients with heart failure - a pilot study","volume":"2","author":"Pritchett","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Obes Weight Loss Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.07.051","article-title":"Relation among body mass index, exercise training, and outcomes in chronic systolic heart failure","volume":"108","author":"Horwich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.457","article-title":"Effects of exercise training on health status in patients with chronic heart failure: HF-ACTION randomized controlled trial","volume":"301","author":"Flynn","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.20315","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of bariatric surgery in morbidly obese patients with severe systolic heart failure","volume":"31","author":"Ramani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2007.05.006","article-title":"Bariatric surgery improves cardiac function in morbidly obese patients with severe cardiomyopathy","volume":"3","author":"McCloskey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Surg Obes Relat Dis"}],"container-title":["Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033062018300951?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033062018300951?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,13]],"date-time":"2018-10-13T08:37:08Z","timestamp":1539419828000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0033062018300951"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033062018300951"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-0620"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-0620","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Obesity and the Obesity Paradox in Heart Failure","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.05.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}