{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T09:56:16Z","timestamp":1790070976974,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]],"date-time":"2022-06-25T10:58:46Z","timestamp":1656154726000},"page":"15-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Chronic thrombosis of bioprostheses: Diagnosis and management"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Jasmin H.","family":"Shahinian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sorin V.","family":"Pislaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0005","first-page":"962","article-title":"Epidemiology of acquired valvular heart disease","volume":"30","author":"Iung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69208-8","article-title":"Burden of valvular heart diseases: a population-based study","volume":"368","author":"Nkomo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1159\/000354221","article-title":"Etiology of valvular heart disease in the 21st century","volume":"126","author":"Boudoulas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0020","first-page":"e72","article-title":"2020 ACC\/AHA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"143","author":"Otto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.14740\/cr789","article-title":"Bioprosthetic valve thrombosis","volume":"9","author":"Sachdev","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.02.051","article-title":"Bioprosthetic valve thrombosis","volume":"69","author":"Puri","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1509233","article-title":"Possible subclinical leaflet thrombosis in bioprosthetic aortic valves","volume":"373","author":"Makkar","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1814052","article-title":"Transcatheter aortic-valve replacement with a balloon-expandable valve in low-risk patients","volume":"380","author":"Mack","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.09.022","article-title":"Bioprosthetic valve thrombosis versus structural failure: clinical and echocardiographic predictors","volume":"66","author":"Egbe","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0050","first-page":"e35","article-title":"2020 ACC\/AHA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"143","author":"Otto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.54506","article-title":"Association of warfarin therapy duration after bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement with risk of mortality, thromboembolic complications, and bleeding","volume":"308","author":"M\u00e9rie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2017.01.045","article-title":"Clinical bioprosthetic heart valve thrombosis after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: incidence, characteristics, and treatment outcomes","volume":"10","author":"Jose","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30757-2","article-title":"Subclinical leaflet thrombosis in surgical and transcatheter bioprosthetic aortic valves: an observational study","volume":"389","author":"Chakravarty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezz099","article-title":"Incidence, predictors and cerebrovascular consequences of leaflet thrombosis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"D\u2019Ascenzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.03.022","article-title":"Bioprosthetic aortic valve leaflet thickening in the evolut low risk sub-study","volume":"75","author":"Blanke","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.04.043","article-title":"Subclinical leaflet thrombosis in transcatheter and surgical bioprosthetic valves: PARTNER 3 cardiac computed tomography substudy","volume":"75","author":"Makkar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e31823a088c","article-title":"Procoagulant activity in hemostasis and thrombosis: Virchow\u2019s triad revisited","volume":"114","author":"Wolberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0090","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Physiology, coagulation pathways","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0801082","article-title":"Mechanisms of thrombus formation","volume":"359","author":"Furie","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.09.958","article-title":"Prosthetic heart valve thrombosis","volume":"68","author":"Dangas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2005.071183","article-title":"Thrombosis of prosthetic heart valves: diagnosis and therapeutic considerations","volume":"93","author":"Roudaut","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2018.12.013","article-title":"Outcomes of evolut R Versus CoreValve after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezu201","article-title":"Misconceptions, diagnostic challenges and treatment opportunities in bioprosthetic valve thrombosis: lessons from a case series","volume":"47","author":"Pislaru","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa799","article-title":"Valve academic research consortium 3: updated endpoint definitions for aortic valve clinical research","volume":"42","author":"G\u00e9n\u00e9reux","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.12.037","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of anticoagulation for bioprosthetic valve thrombosis","volume":"75","author":"Petrescu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.7246","article-title":"Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in failed bioprosthetic surgical valves","volume":"312","author":"Dvir","year":"2014","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0135","first-page":"110","article-title":"2017 ESC\/EACTS guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease","volume":"71","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(03)00568-2","article-title":"Surgery for prosthetic valve obstruction. A single center study of 136 patients","volume":"24","author":"Roudaut","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02871-1","article-title":"The thrombosed prosthetic valve: current recommendations based on evidence from the literature","volume":"41","author":"Alpert","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.07.075","article-title":"Treatment of obstructive thrombosed prosthetic heart valve","volume":"62","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.09.064","article-title":"Clinical significance of early thrombosis after prosthetic mitral valve replacement: a postoperative monocentric study of 680 patients","volume":"43","author":"Laplace","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1067\/mtc.2001.116470","article-title":"Repeat heart valve surgery: risk factors for operative mortality","volume":"122","author":"Jones","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-006-4969-y","article-title":"Thrombolysis as first choice therapy in prosthetic heart valve thrombosis. A study of 68 patients","volume":"21","author":"C\u00e1ceres-L\u00f3riga","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00345-8","article-title":"Guidelines for management of left-sided prosthetic valve thrombosis: a role for thrombolytic therapy. Consensus Conference on Prosthetic Valve Thrombosis","volume":"30","author":"Lengyel","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs486","article-title":"Urgent surgery compared with fibrinolytic therapy for the treatment of left-sided prosthetic heart valve thrombosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"34","author":"Karthikeyan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.10.016","article-title":"Comparison of different TEE-guided thrombolytic regimens for prosthetic valve thrombosis: the TROIA trial","volume":"6","author":"\u00d6zkan","year":"2013","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2015.04.025","article-title":"Ultraslow thrombolytic therapy: A novel strategy in the management of PROsthetic MEchanical valve Thrombosis and the prEdictors of outcomE: The Ultra-slow PROMETEE trial","volume":"170","author":"\u00d6zkan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1911425","article-title":"A controlled trial of rivaroxaban after transcatheter aortic-valve replacement","volume":"382","author":"Dangas","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2016.10.023","article-title":"Apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation after transfemoral aortic valve replacement","volume":"10","author":"Seeger","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.03.008","article-title":"Oral anti-Xa anticoagulation after trans-aortic valve implantation for aortic stenosis: the randomized ATLANTIS trial","volume":"200","author":"Collet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.114.001779","article-title":"Treatment and clinical outcomes of transcatheter heart valve thrombosis","volume":"8","author":"Latib","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2016.11.027","article-title":"Outcomes of warfarin therapy for bioprosthetic valve thrombosis of surgically implanted valves: a prospective study","volume":"10","author":"Egbe","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2021-001608","article-title":"Gradient changes in bioprosthetic valve thrombosis: duration of anticoagulation and strategies to improve detection","volume":"8","author":"Naser","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2017.11.013","article-title":"Recurrent bioprosthetic valve thrombosis - should long-term anticoagulation be considered?","volume":"27","author":"Yong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.14909","article-title":"Recurrent bioprosthetic mitral valve thrombosis treated with anticoagulation","volume":"37","author":"Fernandes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1159\/000491077","article-title":"Successful Apixaban treatment of TAVR thrombosis after warfarin failure","volume":"140","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2020.00087","article-title":"Reversal of bioprosthetic aortic valve thrombosis using Rivaroxaban-A case report","volume":"7","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"}],"container-title":["Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S003306202200069X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S003306202200069X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:20:14Z","timestamp":1758500414000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S003306202200069X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S003306202200069X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-0620"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-0620","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Chronic thrombosis of bioprostheses: Diagnosis and management","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.06.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}