{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T10:03:27Z","timestamp":1783764207076,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":56,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T11:25:56Z","timestamp":1681298756000},"page":"4-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cardiology and lifestyle medicine"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Alan","family":"Rozanski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Blumenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan L.","family":"Hinderliter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl J.","family":"Lavie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009892","article-title":"Ultra-processed foods and added sugars in the US diet: evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional study","volume":"6","author":"Mart\u00ednez Steele","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12107","article-title":"Ultra-processed products are becoming dominant in the global food system","volume":"14","author":"Monteiro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.10238","article-title":"Trends in consumption of Ultraprocessed foods among US youths aged 2-19 years, 1999-2018","volume":"326","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0025","series-title":"NCHS Health E-Stats, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2020 Updated February 8, 2021","article-title":"Prevalence of overweight, obesity, and severe obesity among adults aged 20 and over: United States, 1960\u20131962 through 2017\u20132018","author":"Fryar","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0030","author":"National Diabetes Statistics Report"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0040","author":"Bone and Joint Initiative"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1952.02930160001001","article-title":"\u201cArmchair\u201d treatment of acute coronary thrombosis","volume":"148","author":"Levine","year":"1952","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0b013e318203999d","article-title":"Core competencies for cardiac rehabilitation\/secondary prevention professionals: 2010 update: position statement of the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation","volume":"31","author":"Hamm","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.03.008","article-title":"Home-based cardiac rehabilitation: a scientific statement from the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, the American Heart Association, and the American College of Cardiology","volume":"74","author":"Thomas","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03410070073031","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction. Combined experience of randomized clinical trials","volume":"260","author":"Oldridge","year":"1988","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.80.2.234","article-title":"An overview of randomized trials of rehabilitation with exercise after myocardial infarction","volume":"80","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"1989","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2011.07.017","article-title":"Efficacy of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation post-myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"162","author":"Lawler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.10.044","article-title":"Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease: cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"67","author":"Anderson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.12.125","article-title":"Lessons from contemporary trials of cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"232","author":"van Halewijn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0085","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation programs for chronic heart disease: a Bayesian network meta-analysis [published online ahead of print, 2020 Feb 19]","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.12.072","article-title":"Impact of exercise rehabilitation on exercise capacity and quality-of-life in heart failure: individual participant meta-analysis","volume":"73","author":"Taylor","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2018.09.011","article-title":"Effect of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation on anxiety and depression in patients with myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.005902","article-title":"Tracking cardiac rehabilitation participation and completion among Medicare beneficiaries to inform the efforts of a National Initiative","volume":"13","author":"Ritchey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.055329","article-title":"Effects of lifestyle modification on patients with resistant hypertension: results of the TRIUMPH randomized clinical trial","volume":"144","author":"Blumenthal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0110","first-page":"1341","article-title":"Enhancing cardiac rehabilitation with stress management training: a randomized","volume":"133","author":"Blumenthal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Efficacy Trial Circ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7120514","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of the core components of cardiac rehabilitation on mortality and morbidity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Kabboul","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.13.1626","article-title":"Effects of exercise and stress management training on markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with ischemic heart disease: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"293","author":"Blumenthal","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.12319","article-title":"Temporal trends in mortality in the United States, 1969-2013","volume":"314","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.002","article-title":"New principles, the benefits, and practices for fostering a physically active lifestyle","volume":"77","author":"Rozanski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.07.007","article-title":"Cardiovascular health promotion: an issue that can no longer wait","volume":"72","author":"Turco","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3031","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.738732","article-title":"Beyond established and novel risk factors: lifestyle risk factors for cardiovascular disease","volume":"117","author":"Mozaffarian","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192703","article-title":"Defining and setting national goals for cardiovascular health promotion and disease reduction: the American Heart Association\u2019s strategic impact goal through 2020 and beyond","volume":"121","author":"Lloyd-Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001078","article-title":"Life\u2019s essential 8: updating and enhancing the American Heart Association\u2019s Construct of Cardiovascular Health: a presidential advisory from the American Heart Association","volume":"146","author":"Lloyd-Jones","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00846582","article-title":"Yale conference on Behavioral medicine: a proposed definition and statement of goals","volume":"1","author":"Schwartz","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1959.03000290012005","article-title":"Association of specific overt behavior pattern with blood and cardiovascular findings; blood cholesterol level, blood clotting time, incidence of arcus senilis, and clinical coronary artery disease","volume":"169","author":"Friedman","year":"1959","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.11.044","article-title":"The association of anger and hostility with future coronary heart disease: a meta-analytic review of perspective evidence","volume":"53","author":"Chida","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2005.00269.x","article-title":"Prevalence of depression in survivors of acute myocardial infarction","volume":"21","author":"Thombs","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.190769","volume":"118","author":"Lichtman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0180","first-page":"305","article-title":"Depression as a risk factor for coronary artery disease: evidence, mechanisms, and treatmeny","volume":"66","author":"Lett","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2763","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl338","article-title":"Depression as an aetiologic and prognostic factor in coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of 6362 events among 146,538 participants in 54 observational studies","volume":"27","author":"Nicholson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13030325","article-title":"Comprehensive meta-analysis of excess mortality in depression in the general community versus patients with specific illnesses","volume":"171","author":"Cuijpers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057058","article-title":"Depression and risk of mortality in people with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"van Dooren","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2019.74","article-title":"The association of late-life depression with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among community-dwelling older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"215","author":"Wei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000019","article-title":"Depression as a risk factor for poor prognosis among patients with acute coronary syndrome: systematic review and recommendations: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"129","author":"Lichtman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700007480","article-title":"Urinary free cortisol excretion in depression","volume":"6","author":"Caroll","year":"1976","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198605223142101","article-title":"Response to corticotropin releasing hormone in the hypercortisolism of depression and Cushing\u2019s disease","volume":"314","author":"Gold","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950050071008","article-title":"Sympathetic nervous system in major depression: basal and desipramine-induced alterations in plasma norepinephrine kinetics","volume":"51","author":"Yeith","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6334362","article-title":"Elevated concentrations of CSF corticotropin releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in depressed patients","volume":"226","author":"Nemeroff","year":"1984","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)80155-6","article-title":"Association of depression with reduced heart rate variability in coronary artery disease","volume":"76","author":"Carney","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.10.1313","article-title":"Exaggerated platelet reactivity in major depression","volume":"153","author":"Musselman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00345-9","article-title":"Elevated platelet factor 4 and b-thromboglobulin plasma levels in depressed patients with ischemic heart disease","volume":"42","author":"Laghrissi-Thode","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.12.005","article-title":"The epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of psychosocial risk factors in cardiac practice: the emerging field of behavioral cardiology","volume":"45","author":"Rozanski","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1016\u20131021","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0250","first-page":"6","article-title":"Role of depression and inflammation in incident coronary heart disease events","volume":"96","author":"Shimbo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.05.041","article-title":"Impaired endothelial function in coronary heart disease patients with depressive symptomatology","volume":"46","author":"Sherwood","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31821db79a","article-title":"Depressed mood and flow-mediated dilation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"73","author":"Cooper","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.16.2192","article-title":"Impact of psychological factors on the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and implications for therapy","volume":"99","author":"Rozanski","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.12200","article-title":"Association of optimism with cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Rozanski","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000274","article-title":"Purpose in life and its relationship to all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis","volume":"78","author":"Cohen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwz009","article-title":"Sense of Mission and subsequent health and well-being among Young adults: an outcome-wide analysis","volume":"188","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.4270","article-title":"Association between life purpose and mortality among US adults older than 50 years","volume":"2","author":"Alimujiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2017.01.009","article-title":"Meta-analysis of relation of vital exhaustion to cardiovascular disease events","volume":"119","author":"Cohen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000423","article-title":"Vital exhaustion and coronary heart disease risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"Frestad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"8410","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91106-1","article-title":"Silent myocardial ischaemia due to mental stress","volume":"2","author":"Deanfield","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198804213181601","article-title":"Mental stress and the induction of silent myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"318","author":"Rozanski","year":"1988","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(89)90064-1","article-title":"Transient left ventricular dysfunction during provocative mental stress in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"118","author":"LaVeau","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000014491.90666.06","article-title":"Mental stress-induced ischemia and all-cause mortality in patients with coronary artery disease: results from the psychophysiological investigations of myocardial ischemia study","volume":"105","author":"Sheps","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)00560-3","article-title":"Prognostic value of mental stress testing in coronary artery disease","volume":"84","author":"Krantz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530450041030","article-title":"Mental stress--induced myocardial ischemia and cardiac events","volume":"275","author":"Jiang","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.3252","article-title":"Association of Transient Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by mental stress with major adverse cardiovascular events in men and women with coronary artery disease","volume":"4","author":"Lima","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.17649","article-title":"Association of Mental Stress-Induced Myocardial Ischemia with cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease","volume":"326","author":"Vaccarino","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.120.010931","article-title":"Tawakol a disentangling the links between psychosocial stress and cardiovascular disease","volume":"13","author":"Osborne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.189","article-title":"Effects of stress on the development and progression of cardiovascular disease","volume":"15","author":"Kivim\u00e4ki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109595","article-title":"Chronic stress primes innate immune responses in mice and humans","volume":"36","author":"Barrett","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1159\/000353263","article-title":"Psychological well-being revisited: advances in the science and practice of eudaimonia","volume":"83","author":"Ryff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0360","series-title":"Motivation and Personality","author":"Maslow","year":"1954"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0365","series-title":"Man\u2019s Search for Meaning","author":"Frankl","year":"1959"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021344","article-title":"Whatever does not kill us: cumulative lifetime adversity, vulnerability, and resilience","volume":"99","author":"Seery","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","article-title":"Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: the adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study","volume":"14","author":"Felitti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.03.032","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and the onset of chronic disease in young adulthood","volume":"123","author":"Sonu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.02.003","article-title":"Using motivational interviewing and brief action planning for adopting and maintaining positive health behaviors","volume":"77","author":"Cole","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.03.047","article-title":"Behavioral cardiology: current advances and future directions","volume":"64","author":"Rozanski","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e495","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000559","article-title":"Routine assessment and promotion of physical activity in healthcare settings: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"137","author":"Lobelo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/HCQ.0000000000000094","article-title":"Rapid diet assessment screening tools for cardiovascular disease risk reduction across healthcare settings: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"13","author":"Vadiveloo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.02.002","article-title":"Assessment of lifestyle \u201cvital signs\u201d in healthcare settings","volume":"77","author":"Rozanski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0410","author":"Physical activity vital sign"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182630ec1","article-title":"Initial validation of an exercise \u201cvital sign\u201d in electronic medical records","volume":"44","author":"Coleman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.190769","volume":"118","author":"Lichtman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.02.006","article-title":"Musculoskeletal exercise: its role in health promotion and the resistance of aging","volume":"77","author":"D\u2019Onofrio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2020.07.006","article-title":"Lifestyle medicine","volume":"31","author":"Phillips","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2020.08.013","article-title":"Changing drivers of mortality among patients referred for cardiac stress testing","volume":"5","author":"Rozanski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1007\/s12350-010-9300-9","article-title":"Comparison of long-term mortality risk following normal exercise vs adenosine myocardial perfusion SPECT","volume":"17","author":"Rozanski","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Nucl Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s12350-014-9967-4","article-title":"Does risk for major adverse cardiac events in patients undergoing vasodilator sress with adjunctive exercise differ from patients undergoing either standard exercise or vasodilator stress with myocardial perfusion imaging?","volume":"22","author":"Nair","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Nucl Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/s12350-014-0064-5","article-title":"Prognostic implications of stress modality on mortality risk and cause of death in patients undergoing office-based SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging","volume":"23","author":"Poulin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Nucl Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1007\/s12350-020-02294-y","article-title":"Berman DS mortality risk among patients undergoing exercise versus pharmacologic myocardial perfusion imaging: a propensity-based comparison","volume":"29","author":"Rozanski","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nucl Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1007\/s12350-016-0398-2","article-title":"Comparison of the current reasons for undergoing pharmacologic stress during echocardiographic and radionuclide stress testing","volume":"24","author":"Argulian","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nucl Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.03.004","article-title":"Assessment of lifestyle-related risk factors enhances the effectiveness of cardiac stress testing","volume":"77","author":"Rozanski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.03.008","article-title":"Home-based cardiac rehabilitation: a scientific statement from the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, the American Heart Association, and the American College of Cardiology","volume":"74","author":"Thomas","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23296","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation in older adults: new options","volume":"43","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00611-7","article-title":"The role of cardiac rehabilitation in improving cardiovascular outcomes","volume":"19","author":"Taylor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15420\/cfr.2022.16","article-title":"Why do so few people with heart failure receive cardiac rehabilitation?","volume":"8","author":"Thompson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Card Fail Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0490","series-title":"2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report","author":"2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1177\/15598276221121580","article-title":"Lifestyle medicine Core competencies: 2022 update","volume":"16","author":"Lianov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Lifestyle Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e472","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001031","article-title":"2021 dietary guidance to improve cardiovascular health: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"144","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e367","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000444","article-title":"Sleep duration and quality: impact on lifestyle Behaviors and Cardiometabolic health: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"134","author":"St-Onge","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.2337\/dci15-0012","article-title":"Update on prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in light of recent evidence: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association","volume":"38","author":"Fox","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.03.004","article-title":"Knowledge gaps in cardiovascular Care of the Older Adult Population: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, and American Geriatrics Society","volume":"67","author":"Rich","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e763","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000947","article-title":"Psychological health, well-being, and the mind-heart-body connection: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"143","author":"Levine","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.001","article-title":"The pursuit of health: a vitality based perspective","volume":"77","author":"Rozanski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.1.5","article-title":"Positive psychology: an introduction","volume":"55","author":"Seligman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.56.3.218","article-title":"The role of positive emotions in positive psychology. The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions","volume":"56","author":"Fredrickson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.1997.tb00326.x","article-title":"On energy, personality, and health: subjective vitality as a dynamic reflection of well-being","volume":"65","author":"Ryan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1006\/jesp.1999.1382","article-title":"Revitalization through self-regulation: the effects of autonomous and controlled motivation on happiness and vitality","volume":"35","author":"Nix","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Exp Soc Psychol"}],"container-title":["Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033062023000348?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033062023000348?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:21:52Z","timestamp":1758500512000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0033062023000348"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":107,"alternative-id":["S0033062023000348"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-0620"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-0620","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cardiology and lifestyle medicine","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.04.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}