{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T21:08:20Z","timestamp":1791666500205,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T11:09:19Z","timestamp":1751972959000},"page":"103-112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Leadless pacing: Technology, techniques, and emerging options"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Wissam","family":"Mekary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colby","family":"Shanafelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsa","family":"Hebbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikhael F.","family":"El-Chami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.07.017","article-title":"Trends in permanent pacemaker implantation in the United States from 1993 to 2009: increasing complexity of patients and procedures","volume":"60","author":"Greenspon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0010","first-page":"249","article-title":"Leadless pacemakers: a contemporary review","volume":"15","author":"Bhatia","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Geriatr Cardiol"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.976076","article-title":"Complication rates associated with pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator generator replacements and upgrade procedures: results from the REPLACE registry","volume":"122","author":"Poole","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1511643","article-title":"A leadless Intracardiac Transcatheter pacing system","volume":"374","author":"Reynolds","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae101","article-title":"Leadless pacemakers at 5-year follow-up: the Micra transcatheter pacing system post-approval registry","volume":"45","author":"El-Chami","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab767","article-title":"Leadless vs. transvenous single-chamber ventricular pacing in the Micra CED study: 2-year follow-up","volume":"43","author":"El-Chami","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euac066","article-title":"Practical considerations, indications, and future perspectives for leadless and extravascular cardiac implantable electronic devices: a position paper by EHRA\/HRS\/LAHRS\/APHRS","volume":"24","author":"Boersma","year":"2022","journal-title":"EP Europace"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3427","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab364","article-title":"2021 ESC guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy","volume":"42","author":"Glikson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2360","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2300080","article-title":"A dual-chamber leadless pacemaker","volume":"388","author":"Knops","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-019-00680-2","article-title":"State of the art: leadless ventricular pacing\u202f: a national expert consensus of the Austrian Society of Cardiology","volume":"57","author":"Steinwender","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2308353","article-title":"Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices","volume":"390","author":"Al-Khatib","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euz357","article-title":"Factors influencing the use of leadless or transvenous pacemakers: results of the European heart rhythm association prospective survey","volume":"22","author":"Boveda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Europace"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3277","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.14776","article-title":"Implantation of leadless pacemakers via inferior vena cava filters is feasible and safe: insights from a multicenter experience","volume":"31","author":"Houmsse","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euae102.420","article-title":"Leadless pacemaker implantation via the internal jugular vein a promising access for an established intervention","volume":"26","author":"Molitor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Europace"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.14587","article-title":"The jugular approach for leadless pacing: a novel and safe alternative","volume":"45","author":"Saleem-Talib","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.15863","article-title":"Leadless versus transvenous single-chamber ventricular pacemakers: 3 year follow-up of the Micra CED study","volume":"34","author":"Crossley","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrcr.2020.08.022","article-title":"Retrieval of an infected leadless pacemaker","volume":"6","author":"Ellison","year":"2020","journal-title":"HeartRhythm Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1002\/joa3.12814","article-title":"Retrieval of an infectious leadless pacemaker with vegetation","volume":"39","author":"Morita","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Arrhythmia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0095","first-page":"1","article-title":"A rare case of persistent bacteremia: leadless Micra pacemaker endocarditis","volume":"2023","author":"Patel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Case Rep Cardiol"},{"issue":"7 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2023.01.031","article-title":"1-year outcomes of a leadless ventricular pacemaker: the LEADLESS II (phase 2) trial","volume":"9","author":"Reddy","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006987","article-title":"Permanent leadless cardiac pacing: results of the LEADLESS trial","volume":"129","author":"Reddy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.13752","article-title":"Incidence and outcomes of systemic infections in patients with leadless pacemakers: data from the Micra IDE study","volume":"42","author":"El-Chami","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1161\/hc3401.095097","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in patients with permanent pacemakers or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators","volume":"104","author":"Chamis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0120","article-title":"The risk of cardiac device-related infection in Bacteremic patients is species specific: results of a 12-year prospective cohort. Open forum","volume":"4","author":"Maskarinec","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.15363","article-title":"Leadless pacemaker implantation after lead extraction for cardiac implanted electronic device infection","volume":"33","author":"Bicong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.03.019","article-title":"Leadless pacemakers reduce risk of device-related infection: review of the potential mechanisms","volume":"17","author":"El-Chami","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2017.03.019","article-title":"Risk factors of cardiac device infection: glove contamination during device procedures","volume":"45","author":"Kozon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0140","first-page":"162","article-title":"Leadless pacemaker implantation in hemodialysis patients","volume":"5","author":"El-Chami","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC: Clin Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001193","article-title":"2023 ACC\/AHA\/ACCP\/HRS guideline for the diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"149","author":"Joglar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2018.02.025","article-title":"Safety and feasibility of leadless pacemaker in patients undergoing atrioventricular node ablation for atrial fibrillation","volume":"15","author":"Yarlagadda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.13496","article-title":"Acute and long-term outcomes of simultaneous atrioventricular node ablation and leadless pacemaker implantation","volume":"41","author":"Martinez-Sande","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2023.03.1538","article-title":"2023 HRS\/APHRS\/LAHRS guideline on cardiac physiologic pacing for the avoidance and mitigation of heart failure","volume":"20","author":"Chung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.03.029","article-title":"2015 heart rhythm society expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of postural tachycardia syndrome, inappropriate sinus tachycardia, and vasovagal syncope","volume":"12","author":"Sheldon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.05.006","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of leadless pacemaker for cardioinhibitory vasovagal syncope","volume":"17","author":"Turagam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0175","article-title":"The use of a single chamber leadless pacemaker for the treatment of cardioinhibitory vasovagal syncope","volume":"23","author":"Roberts","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0180","article-title":"Permanent pacemaker implantation after tricuspid valve surgery","volume":"13","author":"Bazire","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Case Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.14069","article-title":"Implantation of leadless pacing systems in patients early after tricuspid valve surgery: a feasible option","volume":"43","author":"Theis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.118.007124","article-title":"Impact of leadless pacemaker therapy on cardiac and atrioventricular valve function through 12 months of follow-up","volume":"12","author":"Beurskens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1507192","article-title":"Percutaneous implantation of an entirely Intracardiac leadless pacemaker","volume":"373","author":"Reddy","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2017.07.004","article-title":"A worldwide experience of the management of battery failures and chronic device retrieval of the Nanostim leadless pacemaker","volume":"14","author":"Lakkireddy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2018.08.005","article-title":"Updated performance of the Micra transcatheter pacemaker in the real-world setting: a comparison to the investigational study and a transvenous historical control","volume":"15","author":"El-Chami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2018.05.004","article-title":"Accelerometer-based atrioventricular synchronous pacing with a ventricular leadless pacemaker: results from the Micra atrioventricular feasibility studies","volume":"15","author":"Chinitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.10.017","article-title":"Atrioventricular synchronous pacing using a leadless ventricular pacemaker: results from the MARVEL 2 study","volume":"6","author":"Steinwender","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.08.033","article-title":"Ambulatory atrioventricular synchronous pacing over time using a leadless ventricular pacemaker: primary results from the AccelAV study","volume":"20","author":"Chinitz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2021.11.002","article-title":"Primary results on safety and efficacy from the LEADLESS II-phase 2 worldwide clinical trial","volume":"8","author":"Reddy","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0230","first-page":"e382","volume":"140","author":"Kusumoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2024.04.091","article-title":"Six-month electrical performance of the first dual-chamber leadless pacemaker","author":"Hindricks","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2024.04.026","article-title":"LB-469805-02 one year safety and performance outcomes from a clinical study of a dual-chamber leadless pacemaker system","author":"Knops","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.5603\/CJ.a2018.0075","article-title":"Implantation of the Micra transcatheter pacing system: single polish center experience with the real costs of hospitalization analysis","volume":"27","author":"Grabowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiol J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.15785","article-title":"Leadless cardiac ventricular pacing using helix fixation: step-by-step guide to implantation","volume":"34","author":"Laczay","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-022-01399-3","article-title":"Right ventriculography improves the accuracy of leadless pacemaker implantation in right ventricular mid-septum","volume":"66","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ihj.2020.08.001","article-title":"Assessing safety of leadless pacemaker (MICRA) at various implantation sites and its impact on paced QRS in Indian population","volume":"72","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian Heart J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2020.09.010","article-title":"A predictive model for the long-term electrical performance of a leadless Transcatheter pacemaker","volume":"7","author":"Kiani","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euae051","article-title":"Aveir VR real-world performance and chronic pacing threshold prediction using mapping and fixation electrical data","volume":"26","author":"Tam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Europace"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab315","article-title":"Development and validation of a risk score for predicting pericardial effusion in patients undergoing leadless pacemaker implantation: experience with the Micra transcatheter pacemaker","volume":"24","author":"Piccini","year":"2022","journal-title":"EP Europace"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/joa3.12797","article-title":"The angle of the tines before the pull and hold test predicts engagement of the tines in Micra leadless pacemaker implantation","volume":"39","author":"Mizukami","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Arrhythm"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.116.004626","article-title":"Retrieval of the leadless cardiac pacemaker: a multicenter experience","volume":"9","author":"Reddy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.15420\/aer.2017:16:1","article-title":"End-of-life Management of Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker Therapy","volume":"6","author":"Beurskens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arrhythmia Electrophysiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrcr.2023.10.007","article-title":"Retrieval and replacement feasibility of 7-year-old implanted leadless pacemaker with tines fixation","volume":"10","author":"Neuzil","year":"2024","journal-title":"HeartRhythm Case Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrcr.2019.05.002","article-title":"Extraction of a 4-year-old leadless pacemaker with a tine-based fixation","volume":"5","author":"Kiani","year":"2019","journal-title":"HeartRhythm Case Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrcr.2023.04.004","article-title":"Extraction of a 5-year-old leadless pacemaker using a competing manufacturer\u2019s removal tool","volume":"9","author":"Callahan","year":"2023","journal-title":"HeartRhythm Case Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrcr.2023.01.012","article-title":"Retrieval and replacement of a helix-fixation leadless pacemaker at 9 years post-implant","volume":"9","author":"Neu\u017eil","year":"2023","journal-title":"HeartRhythm Case Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.12804","article-title":"Right ventricular anatomy can accommodate multiple Micra Transcatheter pacemakers","volume":"39","author":"Omdahl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euv418","article-title":"Multiple leadless pacemakers implanted in the right ventricle of swine","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Europace"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.123.012232","article-title":"Retrieval of chronically implanted dual-chamber leadless pacemakers in an ovine model","volume":"16","author":"Banker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.14776","article-title":"Preclinical cardiac perforation reduction in leadless pacing: an update to the Micra leadless pacemaker delivery system","volume":"46","author":"Roberts","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2023.05.004","article-title":"Design and rationale of the MODULAR ATP global clinical trial: a novel intercommunicative leadless pacing system and the subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator","volume":"4","author":"Lloyd","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm O2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2401807","article-title":"A modular communicative leadless pacing\u2013defibrillator system","author":"Knops","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.000838","article-title":"Clinical effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy versus medical therapy alone among patients with heart failure: analysis of the ICD registry and ADHERE","volume":"7","author":"Khazanie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0350","first-page":"1463","article-title":"Avoiding non-responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy: a practical guide","volume":"38","author":"Daubert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"suppl 5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v22","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eup306","article-title":"Lead positioning for cardiac resynchronization therapy: techniques and priorities","volume":"11","author":"Morgan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Europace"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.06.1195","article-title":"Leadless left ventricular stimulation with WiSE-CRT system - initial experience and results from phase I of SOLVE-CRT study (nonrandomized, roll-in phase)","volume":"19","author":"Okabe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2023.04.047","article-title":"LB-456088-4 safety and efficacy of a leadless ultrasound-based cardiac resynchronization pacing system in heart failure \u2013 results from the solve-CRT study","volume":"20","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.13750","article-title":"First-in-man fully leadless transvenous CRT-P with a transseptal implant of WISE-CRT((R)) system and Micra((R)) PM","volume":"42","author":"Montemerlo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrcr.2019.12.002","article-title":"Successful implementation of a totally leadless biventricular pacing approach","volume":"6","author":"Funasako","year":"2020","journal-title":"HeartRhythm Case Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euaa342","article-title":"European experience with a first totally leadless cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker system","volume":"23","author":"Carabelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Europace"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44510-6","article-title":"A self-powered intracardiac pacemaker in swine model","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"Suppl_1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.148.suppl_1.15374","article-title":"Abstract 15374: an energy-harvesting leadless pacemaker: proof of principle","volume":"148","author":"Gilstrap","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033062025000994?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033062025000994?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T04:50:34Z","timestamp":1776833434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0033062025000994"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["S0033062025000994"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-0620"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-0620","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Leadless pacing: Technology, techniques, and emerging options","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.07.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}