{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:28:30Z","timestamp":1791973710544,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","primary-care-diabetes.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Primary Care Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,9]],"date-time":"2013-05-09T09:30:58Z","timestamp":1368091858000},"page":"77-84","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Evaluation of clinical tools and their diagnostic use in distal symmetric polyneuropathy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Kaveh","family":"Pourhamidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars B.","family":"Dahlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabet","family":"Englund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olov","family":"Rolandsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.4.817","article-title":"The prevalence by staged severity of various types of diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy in a population-based cohort: the Rochester diabetic neuropathy study","volume":"43","author":"Dyck","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00400697","article-title":"A multicentre study of the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the United Kingdom hospital clinic population","volume":"36","author":"Young","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.1137","article-title":"The frequency of undiagnosed diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in patients with idiopathic sensory neuropathy","volume":"24","author":"Novella","year":"2001","journal-title":"Muscle and Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.113","article-title":"Neuropathy in prediabetes: does the clock start ticking early?","volume":"7","author":"Papanas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.1226","article-title":"Toronto expert panel on diabetic neuropathy, diabetic polyneuropathies: update on research definition, diagnostic criteria and estimation of severity","volume":"27","author":"Dyck","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes\/Metabolism Research and Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.075119","article-title":"Additional causes for distal sensory polyneuropathy in diabetic patients","volume":"77","author":"Gorson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150200066","article-title":"Symptomatic diabetic and non-diabetic neuropathies in a series of 100 diabetic patients","volume":"249","author":"Lozeron","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000149522.32823.EA","article-title":"Distal symmetric polyneuropathy: a definition for clinical research: report of the American Academy of Neurology, the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine, and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"64","author":"England","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1303","article-title":"Diabetic neuropathies: update on definitions, diagnostic criteria, estimation of severity, and treatments","volume":"33","author":"Tesfaye","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2003.12.006","article-title":"Effectiveness of Semmes\u2013Weinstein monofilament examination for diabetic peripheral neuropathy screening","volume":"19","author":"Kamei","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Diabetes and its Complications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2004.01205.x","article-title":"The value of the Rydel\u2013Seiffer tuning fork as a predictor of diabetic polyneuropathy compared with a neurothesiometer","volume":"21","author":"K\u00e4stenbauer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2003.00931.x","article-title":"How should peripheral neuropathy be assessed in people with diabetes in primary care? A population-based comparison of four measures","volume":"20","author":"Rahman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2002.00698.x","article-title":"The north-west diabetes foot care study: incidence of, and risk factors for, new diabetic foot ulceration in a community-based patient cohort","volume":"19","author":"Abbott","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0070","first-page":"457","article-title":"Comparison between monofilament, tuning fork and vibration perception tests for screening patients at risk of foot complication","volume":"28","author":"Gin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03023.x","volume":"17","author":"Lauria","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Journal of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v3i0.4643","article-title":"The V\u00e4sterbotten intervention programme: background, design and implications","volume":"3","author":"Norberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Global Health Action"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2303-5","article-title":"Heat shock protein 27 is associated with better nerve function and fewer signs of neuropathy","volume":"54","author":"Pourhamidi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2615","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.10.2615","article-title":"Endoneurial capillary abnormalities presage deterioration of glucose tolerance and accompany peripheral neuropathy in man","volume":"52","author":"Thrainsdottir","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2008.01118.x","article-title":"Sural nerve biopsy may predict future nerve dysfunction","volume":"120","author":"Thrainsdottir","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Neurologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880110106","article-title":"Detection, characterization, and staging of polyneuropathy: assessed in diabetics","volume":"11","author":"Dyck","year":"1988","journal-title":"Muscle and Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0105","article-title":"Peripheral neuropathy defined by monofilament insensitivity and diabetes status: NHANES 1999\u20132004","author":"Katon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0110","unstructured":"S. Thrainsdottir, Peripheral polyneuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance, Correlations between morphology, neurophysiology and clinical findings, Doctoral Dissertations Series, 67, Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, (2009) ISBN 978-91-86253-55-4 (http:\/\/lup.lub.lu.se\/luur\/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=1466061&fileOId=1466067)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2009.02823.x","article-title":"Intraepidermal nerve fibre density at wrist level in diabetic and non-diabetic patients","volume":"26","author":"Thomsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh175","article-title":"The time course of epidermal nerve fibre regeneration: studies in normal controls and in people with diabetes, with and without neuropathy","volume":"127","author":"Polydefkis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.9.2201","article-title":"Back to basics in diagnosing diabetic polyneuropathy with the tuning fork!","volume":"28","author":"Meijer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02433.x","article-title":"Vibrotactile sense in median and ulnar nerve innervated fingers of men with type 2 diabetes, normal or impaired glucose tolerance","volume":"25","author":"Dahlin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2011.03328.x","article-title":"Disturbed vibrotactile sense in finger pulps in patients with type 1 diabetes \u2013 correlations with glycaemic level, clinical examination and electrophysiology","volume":"28","author":"Dahlin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e449","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12024","article-title":"Vibration thresholds are increased at low frequencies in the sole of the foot in diabetes-a novel multi-frequency approach","volume":"29","author":"Nelander","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-007-0813-y","article-title":"Vibrotactile threshold measurement for detecting peripheral neuropathy: defining variability and a normal range for clinical and research use","volume":"50","author":"Duke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.296.6617.233","article-title":"Variability in vibration perception threshold among sites: a potential source of error in biothesiometry","volume":"296","author":"Williams","year":"1988","journal-title":"British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.20.9.1448","article-title":"The use of biothesiometry to detect neuropathy in children and adolescents with IDDM","volume":"20","author":"Davis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.8.1354","volume":"22","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2009.05.017","article-title":"The Semmes\u2013Weinstein monofilament examination as a screening tool for diabetic peripheral neuropathy","volume":"50","author":"Feng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Vascular Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1835","article-title":"Prediction of incident diabetic neuropathy using the monofilament examination: a 4-year prospective study","volume":"33","author":"Perkins","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8227(99)00111-4","article-title":"Methods for assessing diabetic polyneuropathy: validity and reproducibility of the measurement of sensory symptom severity and nerve function tests","volume":"47","author":"Valk","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.04.009","article-title":"Semmes-weinstein monofilaments: influence of temperature, humidity, and age","volume":"36","author":"Haloua","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Hand Surgery"}],"container-title":["Primary Care Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751991813000454?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751991813000454?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T23:54:21Z","timestamp":1761695661000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1751991813000454"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1751991813000454"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-9918"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-9918","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evaluation of clinical tools and their diagnostic use in distal symmetric polyneuropathy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Primary Care Diabetes","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Primary Care Diabetes Europe. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}