{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:35:17Z","timestamp":1791200117758,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","primary-care-diabetes.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Primary Care Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T04:48:21Z","timestamp":1635310101000},"page":"69-77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Screening for diabetes and impaired glucose metabolism in Qatar: Models\u2019 development and validation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6264-7625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khaled","family":"Sadek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3050-9057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Abdelhafez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Israa","family":"Al-Hashimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wadha","family":"Al-Shafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatihah","family":"Tarmizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hissa","family":"Al-Marri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nada","family":"Alzohari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Balideh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0005","series-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas","author":"Federation","year":"2019"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S81","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-S081","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus","volume":"37","author":"American Diabetes, A","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.2337\/dci18-0007","article-title":"Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. in 2017","volume":"41","author":"American Diabetes, A","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxq020","article-title":"Screening for type 2 diabetes and dysglycemia","volume":"33","author":"Echouffo-Tcheugui","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-2089","article-title":"An accurate risk score based on anthropometric, dietary, and lifestyle factors to predict the development of type 2 diabetes","volume":"30","author":"Schulze","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03478.x","article-title":"AUSDRISK: an Australian Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment Tool based on demographic, lifestyle and simple anthropometric measures","volume":"192","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.3.727","article-title":"A Danish Diabetes Risk Score for Targeted Screening. The Inter99 study","volume":"27","author":"Gl\u00fcmer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.3.725","article-title":"The Diabetes Risk Score: a practical tool to predict type 2 diabetes risk","volume":"26","author":"Lindstrom","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2007.01.013","article-title":"Diabetes risk score in Oman: a tool to identify prevalent type 2 diabetes among Arabs of the Middle East","volume":"77","author":"Al-Lawati","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000489","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2017-000489","article-title":"Diabetes risk score in the United Arab Emirates: a screening tool for the early detection of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"6","author":"Sulaiman","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res. Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-1232-4","article-title":"A prediction model for type 2 diabetes risk among Chinese people","volume":"52","author":"Chien","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.10.1068","article-title":"Prediction of incident diabetes mellitus in middle-aged adults: the framingham offspring study","volume":"167","author":"Wilson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26548","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26548","article-title":"Risk scores for predicting incidence of type 2 diabetes in the Chinese population: the Kailuan prospective study","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0070","first-page":"725","volume":"Vol. 16","author":"Khalaf","year":"2010"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-11-200906020-00002","article-title":"Two risk-scoring systems for predicting incident diabetes mellitus in U.S. adults age 45 to 64 years","volume":"150","author":"Kahn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0368","article-title":"Predicting diabetes: clinical, biological, and genetic approaches: data from the Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (DESIR)","volume":"31","author":"Balkau","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.2337\/dc05-2141","article-title":"A risk score for predicting incident diabetes in the Thai population","volume":"29","author":"Aekplakorn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0090","first-page":"759","article-title":"A simplified Indian Diabetes Risk Score for screening for undiagnosed diabetic subjects","volume":"53","author":"Mohan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Physicians India"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2522-7","article-title":"The Qatar biobank: background and methods","volume":"15","author":"Al Kuwari","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwz084","article-title":"Qatar biobank cohort study: study design and first results","volume":"188","author":"Al Thani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0105","unstructured":"Qatar Biobank for Medical Research. January 20, 2021; Available from: http:\/\/www.qatarbiobank.org.qa\/home."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.18.4.463","article-title":"Screening for diabetes mellitus in adults. The utility of random capillary blood glucose measurements","volume":"18","author":"Engelgau","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0115","series-title":"Obesity and Overweight Fact Sheet","author":"Organization., W.H","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.3.727","article-title":"A Danish diabetes risk score for targeted screening: the Inter99 study","volume":"27","author":"Gl\u00fcmer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81385-3","article-title":"A diabetes risk score for Qatar utilizing a novel mathematical modeling approach to identify individuals at high risk for diabetes","volume":"11","author":"Awad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2723","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1200","article-title":"Goodness-of-fit processes for logistic regression: simulation results","volume":"21","author":"Hosmer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0135","series-title":"Handbook of the Biology of Aging","first-page":"373","article-title":"Aging and insulin secretion","author":"Halter","year":"2011"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-S011","article-title":"Standards of medical care in diabetes\u20142013","volume":"36","author":"Association, A.D","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"9702","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61457-4","article-title":"10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study","volume":"374","author":"Diabetes Prevention Program Research, G","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105033441801","article-title":"Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance","volume":"344","author":"Tuomilehto","year":"2001","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012512","article-title":"Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin","volume":"346","author":"Knowler","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-2625","article-title":"Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. In 2012","volume":"36","author":"American Diabetes, A","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1468","article-title":"The 10-year cost-effectiveness of lifestyle intervention or metformin for diabetes prevention: an intent-to-treat analysis of the DPP\/DPPOS","volume":"35","author":"Diabetes Prevention Program Research, G","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.39.11.1315","article-title":"Mapping genes in diabetes: genetic epidemiological perspective","volume":"39","author":"Rich","year":"1990","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.1.86","article-title":"Hyperinsulinemia cluster predicts the development of type 2 diabetes independently of family history of diabetes","volume":"22","author":"Kekalainen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"}],"container-title":["Primary Care Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751991821001868?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751991821001868?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T23:58:45Z","timestamp":1761695925000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1751991821001868"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1751991821001868"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.04.04.21254900","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1751-9918"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-9918","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Screening for diabetes and impaired glucose metabolism in Qatar: Models\u2019 development and validation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Primary Care Diabetes","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.10.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Primary Care Diabetes Europe. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}