{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:23:15Z","timestamp":1780446195015,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","primary-care-diabetes.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Primary Care Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T08:43:22Z","timestamp":1653986602000},"page":"543-548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Olfactory dysfunction in type II diabetes: Therapeutic options and lessons learned from other etiologies \u2013 A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ram","family":"Sivakumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Villwock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003_bib1","unstructured":"CDC, National Diabetes Statistics Report. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2020. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Dept of Health and Human Services; 2020."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2018.05.006","article-title":"Prevalence of taste and smell impairment in adults with diabetes: a cross-sectional analysis of data from the national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES)","volume":"12","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prim. Care Diabetes"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319714520956","article-title":"Olfactory dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus: an additional manifestation of microvascular disease?","volume":"65","author":"Gouveri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039","article-title":"Relationship between olfactory dysfunction and cognitive impairment in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"106","author":"Sanke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2973","article-title":"Evaluation of olfaction and taste function in type 2 diabetic patients with and without peripheral neuropathy","volume":"34","author":"Yazla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes-Metab. Res. Rev."},{"issue":"Suppl_1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.139.suppl_1.P068","article-title":"Abstract P068: associations between taste and smell alterations and diabetes-related comorbidities among US adults: the national health and nutrition examination surveys 2011-2014","volume":"139","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjt072","article-title":"Olfactory disorders and quality of life--an updated review","volume":"39","author":"Croy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Senses"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107541","article-title":"Olfactory dysfunction predicts 5-year mortality in older adults","volume":"9","author":"Pinto","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2004.06.010","article-title":"Clinical assessment of patients with smell and taste disorders","volume":"37","author":"Wrobel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Clin. North Am."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319714526971","article-title":"Olfactory dysfunction in diabetes: a further step in exploring central manifestations of neuropathy?","volume":"65","author":"Varkonyi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530319666190614121738","article-title":"The association between HbA1c levels, olfactory memory and cognition in normal, pre-diabetic and diabetic persons","volume":"20","author":"Yulug","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr. Metab. Immune Disord. Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/140419","article-title":"Recovery of olfactory function induces neuroplasticity effects in patients with smell loss","volume":"2014","author":"Kollndorfer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino15.314","article-title":"Hyperbaric oxygen therapy of olfactory dysfunction in diabetic neuropathy with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a new definition \"Diabetic Olfactopathy\"","volume":"54","author":"Veyseller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-018-0517-1","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes impairs odour detection, olfactory memory and olfactory neuroplasticity; effects partly reversed by the DPP-4 inhibitor Linagliptin","volume":"6","author":"Lietzau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-2584","article-title":"Olfactory dysfunction mediates adiposity in cognitive impairment of type 2 diabetes: insights from clinical and functional neuroimaging studies","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003_bib16","first-page":"2629","article-title":"Hyperbaric oxygen treatment attenuates neuropathic pain by elevating autophagy flux via inhibiting mTOR pathway","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-015-3845-9","article-title":"Otological complications associated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy","volume":"273","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1900\/RDS.2014.11.202","article-title":"Adverse effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists","volume":"11","author":"Filippatos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Diabet. Stud."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2009.12.004","article-title":"Long-term inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 in Alzheimer\u2019s prone mice","volume":"45","author":"D\u2019Amico","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003_bib20","first-page":"807","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of linagliptin (tradjenta) in adults with type-2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"36","author":"Freeman","year":"2011","journal-title":"P t"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.10.2.316","article-title":"Odor recognition: familiarity, identifiability, and encoding consistency","volume":"10","author":"Rabin","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Learn Mem. Cogn."},{"issue":"5110","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8493539","article-title":"Induction of olfactory receptor sensitivity in mice","volume":"260","author":"Wang","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.62","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial demonstrating cost-effective method of olfactory training in clinical practice: essential oils at uncontrolled concentration","volume":"2","author":"Patel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Laryngoscope Invest. Otolaryngol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20101","article-title":"Effects of olfactory training in patients with olfactory loss","volume":"119","author":"Hummel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2008.08.004","article-title":"The effect of Ginkgo biloba on the expression of intermediate-early antigen (c-fos) in the experimentally induced anosmic mouse","volume":"36","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1080\/003655402_000028054","article-title":"The quinoxaline derivative caroverine in the treatment of sensorineural smell disorders: a proof-of-concept study","volume":"122","author":"Quint","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2009.141","article-title":"Treatment of postviral olfactory loss with glucocorticoids, Ginkgo biloba, and mometasone nasal spray","volume":"135","author":"Seo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Otolaryngol. Neck Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino15.065","article-title":"Intranasal insulin influences the olfactory performance of patients with smell loss, dependent on the body mass index: a pilot study","volume":"53","author":"Schopf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1001\/2013.jamaoto.342","article-title":"Intranasal theophylline treatment of hyposmia and hypogeusia: a pilot study","volume":"138","author":"Henkin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Otolaryngol. Neck Surg."}],"container-title":["Primary Care Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S175199182200095X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S175199182200095X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T23:59:43Z","timestamp":1761695983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S175199182200095X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S175199182200095X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-9918"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-9918","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Olfactory dysfunction in type II diabetes: Therapeutic options and lessons learned from other etiologies \u2013 A scoping review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Primary Care Diabetes","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.05.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Primary Care Diabetes Europe. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}