{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:41:38Z","timestamp":1790797298596,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004326","name":"Bayer AG","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","primary-care-diabetes.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Primary Care Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T19:55:13Z","timestamp":1752609313000},"page":"411-421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A primary care guide to the screening and pharmacologic management of chronic kidney disease in people living with type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Eugene E.","family":"Wright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3710-6370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Cebrian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Ngui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GBD Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration, Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017, Lancet, 395 (10225) (2020) 709\u2013733.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32977-0"},{"issue":"10159","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31694-5","article-title":"Forecasting life expectancy, years of life lost, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 250 causes of death: reference and alternative scenarios for 2016-40 for 195 countries and territories","volume":"392","author":"Foreman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-024-00820-6","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and the global public health agenda: an international consensus","volume":"20","author":"Francis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib4","series-title":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Type 2 Diabetes","first-page":"13","article-title":"The interplay between diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disease, ADA Clinical Compendia","author":"Usman","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib5","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Chronic kidney disease in the United States, 2023. Chronic kidney disease initiative 2023 [cited 2024 November 7]; Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/kidney-disease\/php\/data-research\/index.html\u3009."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.2337\/cd23-0063","article-title":"Diabetic kidney disease prevention care model development","volume":"42","author":"ElSayed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-020-01154-w","article-title":"Worldwide inertia to the use of cardiorenal protective glucose-lowering drugs (SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA) in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"19","author":"Schernthaner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2012070718","article-title":"Kidney disease and increased mortality risk in type 2 diabetes","volume":"24","author":"Afkarian","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050686","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease: pathophysiological insights and therapeutic options","volume":"143","author":"Jankowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib10","first-page":"1506","article-title":"Annual health care resource utilization and cost among type 2 diabetes patients with newly recognized chronic kidney disease within a large U.S. administrative claims database","volume":"26","author":"Folkerts","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Manag Care Spec. Pharm."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfac168","article-title":"Healthcare resource utilisation and related costs of patients with CKD from the UK: a report from the discover CKD retrospective cohort","volume":"15","author":"Pollock","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Kidney J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib12","first-page":"80","article-title":"Descriptive study of the economic burden among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus in a large US commercially insured population","volume":"29","author":"Chung","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Manag Care Spec. Pharm."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.01.030","article-title":"Diabetes with early kidney involvement may shorten life expectancy by 16 years","volume":"92","author":"Wen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S239","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-S011","article-title":"11. Chronic kidney disease and risk management: standards of care in diabetes-2025","volume":"48","author":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4043","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad192","article-title":"2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes","volume":"44","author":"Marx","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"4S","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib16","first-page":"S117","article-title":"KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease","volume":"105","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-0723","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease testing among at-risk adults in the U.S. remains low: real-world evidence from a national laboratory database","volume":"44","author":"Alfego","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17323","article-title":"Albuminuria testing in hypertension and diabetes: an individual-participant data meta-analysis in a global consortium","volume":"78","author":"Shin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-2715","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease testing among primary care patients with type 2 diabetes across 24 U.S. health care organizations","volume":"44","author":"Stempniewicz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2022.05.033","article-title":"Low adherence to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes 2012 CKD clinical practice guidelines despite clear evidence of utility","volume":"7","author":"James","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.26230","article-title":"Estimated prevalence and testing for albuminuria in US adults at risk for chronic kidney disease","volume":"6","author":"Chu","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0000000000000374","article-title":"Mortality, health care burden, and treatment of CKD: a multinational, observational study (OPTIMISE-CKD)","volume":"5","author":"Tangri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney360"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.2337\/cd21-0119","article-title":"Role of primary care clinicians in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiorenal diseases","volume":"40","author":"Kushner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Diabetes"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.46747\/cfp.7006372","article-title":"Modified tool designed to ease guideline choices: simplified version of Guideline Trustworthiness, Relevance, and Utility Scoring Tool (G-TRUST) for physicians in practice","volume":"70","author":"Wittmer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Can. Fam. Physician"},{"issue":"576","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaaz1458","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaz1458","article-title":"Kidney disease genetic risk variants alter lysosomal beta-mannosidase (MANBA) expression and disease severity","volume":"13","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2017.05.004","article-title":"Genetic-variation-driven gene-expression changes highlight genes with important functions for kidney disease","volume":"100","author":"Ko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfab218","article-title":"Genetic testing in the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease: recommendations for clinical practice","volume":"37","author":"Knoers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transpl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/21501327211003683","article-title":"Optimal early diagnosis and monitoring of diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus: addressing the barriers to albuminuria testing","volume":"12","author":"Christofides","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Prim. Care Community Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.2337\/dci22-0027","article-title":"Diabetes management in chronic kidney disease: a consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO)","volume":"45","author":"de Boer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.11.004","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease in diabetes","volume":"42","author":"McFarlane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can. J. Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D.R.\u00a0Farrell,\u00a0J.A.\u00a0Vassalotti, Screening, identifying, and treating chronic kidney disease: why, who, when, how, and what?, BMC Nephrol. 25 (1) (2024) 34.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-024-03466-5"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfac331","article-title":"The foundation and the four pillars of treatment for cardiorenal protection in people with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes","volume":"38","author":"Agarwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transpl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib33","article-title":"Mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease and sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Watanabe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14074","article-title":"Heart failure and chronic kidney disease manifestation and mortality risk associations in type 2 diabetes: a large multinational cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Birkeland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.23335","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists and suicidality-caution is needed","volume":"7","author":"Salvo","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-024-02070-y","article-title":"First interim results from FINE-REAL: a prospective, non-interventional, phase 4 study providing insights into the use and safety of finerenone in a routine clinical setting","volume":"37","author":"Nicholas","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nephrol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.7326\/M23-3236","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor blockers for advanced chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and retrospective individual participant-level meta-analysis of clinical trials","volume":"177","author":"Ku","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011161","article-title":"Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy","volume":"345","author":"Brenner","year":"2001","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011303","article-title":"Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes","volume":"345","author":"Lewis","year":"2001","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.067584","article-title":"Estimated lifetime cardiovascular, kidney, and mortality benefits of combination treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and nonsteroidal MRA compared with conventional care in patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria","volume":"149","author":"Neuen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib41","unstructured":"Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc.\u00a0Jardiance (Empagliflozin) European summary of product characteristics. 2023 [cited 2024 November 7]; Available from:\u00a0\u3008https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/product-information\/jardiance-epar-product-information_en.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib42","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Jardiance (empagliflozin) US prescribing information. 2023 [cited 2024 November 7]; Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2022\/204629s033lbl.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib43","article-title":"Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors for adults with chronic kidney disease: a clinical practice guideline","volume":"387","author":"Agarwal","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2204233","article-title":"Empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"388","author":"Herrington","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2024816","article-title":"Dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"383","author":"Heerspink","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1811744","article-title":"Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy","volume":"380","author":"Perkovic","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2030186","article-title":"Sotagliflozin in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease","volume":"384","author":"Bhatt","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.0000000000000414","article-title":"Sotagliflozin and kidney outcomes, kidney function, and albuminuria in type 2 diabetes and CKD: a secondary analysis of the SCORED trial","volume":"19","author":"Sridhar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"issue":"10365","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02074-8","article-title":"Impact of diabetes on the effects of sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors on kidney outcomes: collaborative meta-analysis of large placebo-controlled trials","volume":"400","author":"Nuffield Department of Population Health Renal Studies Group and SGLT2 Inhibitor Meta-Analysis Cardio-Renal Trialists' Consortium","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.12.013","article-title":"The kidney protective effects of the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, dapagliflozin, are present in patients with CKD treated with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists","volume":"7","author":"Provenzano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int. Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00155-4","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors with and without glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists: a SMART-C collaborative meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"12","author":"Apperloo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2410659","article-title":"Finerenone with Empagliflozin in Chronic Kidney Disease and Type 2 Diabetes","author":"Agarwal","year":"2025","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib53","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Kerendia (finerenone) US prescribing information. 2022 [cited 2024 November 7]; Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2022\/215341s001lbl.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib54","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency. Summary of product characteristics (kerendia). 2023 [cited 2024 November 7]; Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/product-information\/kerendia-epar-product-information_en.pdf\u3009."},{"issue":"11S","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib55","first-page":"16","article-title":"FIGARO-BM, a biomarker study of FIGARO-DKD, reveals new insights into the mode of action of finerenone","volume":"34","author":"Berger","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003330","article-title":"Effect of finerenone on ambulatory blood pressure in chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes","volume":"41","author":"Agarwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2025845","article-title":"Effect of finerenone on chronic kidney disease outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"383","author":"Bakris","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2110956","article-title":"Cardiovascular events with finerenone in kidney disease and type 2 diabetes","volume":"385","author":"Pitt","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057983","article-title":"Finerenone reduces risk of incident heart failure in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes: analyses from the FIGARO-DKD trial","volume":"145","author":"Filippatos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab777","article-title":"Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes with finerenone in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: the FIDELITY pooled analysis","volume":"43","author":"Agarwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2991","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-0294","article-title":"Finerenone in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes by sodium\u2013glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor treatment: the FIDELITY analysis","volume":"45","author":"Rossing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15387","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of finerenone in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes: insights based on FIGARO-DKD and FIDELIO-DKD","volume":"26","author":"Eissing","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14883","article-title":"Finerenone in patients across the spectrum of chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes by glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist use","volume":"25","author":"Rossing","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.06.009","article-title":"Change in albuminuria and GFR as end points for clinical trials in early stages of CKD: a scientific workshop sponsored by the national kidney foundation in collaboration with the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency","volume":"75","author":"Levey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2020.101102","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes - state-of-the-art","volume":"46","author":"Nauck","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2023.11.007","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on body weight and cardiometabolic parameters in individuals with obesity and without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Ansari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocr. Pr."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00203-5","article-title":"Cardiovascular, mortality, and kidney outcomes with GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials","volume":"9","author":"Sattar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2403347","article-title":"Effects of semaglutide on chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"391","author":"Perkovic","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpc.2022.100371","article-title":"There is urgent need to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk earlier, more intensively, and with greater precision: a review of current practice and recommendations for improved effectiveness","volume":"12","author":"Makover","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1159\/000513782","article-title":"Cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with type-2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease identified in a United States administrative claims database: a population cohort study","volume":"145","author":"Folkerts","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.2337\/cd23-0074","article-title":"Best-practice perspectives on improving early detection and management of chronic kidney disease associated with type 2 diabetes in primary care","volume":"43","author":"Goldman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Diabetes"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.18169","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of and risk factors for chronic kidney disease among adults and children: an analysis of the CURE-CKD registry","volume":"2","author":"Tuttle","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-022-07863-0","article-title":"Care gaps in sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor and renin angiotensin system inhibitor prescriptions for patients with diabetic kidney disease","volume":"38","author":"Rikin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xkme.2022.100545","article-title":"Treatment adherence in CKD and support from health care providers: a qualitative study","volume":"4","author":"Rivera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib75","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association. Understanding chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.knowdiabetesbyheart.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/22124-ADA-KDBH-kidney-one-sheeter_DIGITAL.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib76","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association. What is protein in the urine (proteinuria)? Know diabetes by heart 2024 [cited 2024 November 1]; Available from: \u3008https:\/\/professional.diabetes.org\/sites\/dpro\/files\/2024-04\/proteinurira_1-updated-4-16-24-patient.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib77","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association. Diabetes-related chronic kidney disease (CKD). 2024 [cited 2024 November 11]; Available from: \u3008https:\/\/professional.diabetes.org\/sites\/dpro\/files\/2023-12\/diabetes_related_ckd_2.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib78","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association. Understanding and treating CKD in patients with type 2 diabetes. Know Your Heart 2024 [cited 2024 November 13]; Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.knowdiabetesbyheart.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/22124-ADA-KDBH-kidney-one-sheeter_DIGITAL.pdf\u3009."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001184","article-title":"Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health: a presidential advisory from the American Heart Association","volume":"148","author":"Ndumele","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-024-03652-5","article-title":"Kidney and cardiovascular-protective benefits of combination drug therapies in chronic kidney disease associated with type 2 diabetes","volume":"25","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol."}],"container-title":["Primary Care Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751991825001020?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751991825001020?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T15:27:33Z","timestamp":1756740453000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1751991825001020"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1751991825001020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-9918"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-9918","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A primary care guide to the screening and pharmacologic management of chronic kidney disease in people living with type 2 diabetes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Primary Care Diabetes","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Limited on behalf of Primary Care Diabetes Europe and by American Diabetes Association.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}