{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T18:34:51Z","timestamp":1787337291659,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","primary-care-diabetes.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Primary Care Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T23:24:34Z","timestamp":1763767474000},"page":"115-119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of frailty on foot care behaviors and self-efficacy in middle-aged and older adults with type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4340-1128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00f6nd\u00fc","family":"Bilici","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4807-5346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meryem","family":"K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib1","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation. IDF Annual Report 2024. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation; 2024. Available from: \u3008https:\/\/idf.org\/media\/uploads\/2025\/06\/IDF-Annual-Report-2024-web.pdf\u3009."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3657","article-title":"Practical guidelines on the prevention and management of diabetes-related foot disease (IWGDF 2023 update)","volume":"40","author":"Schaper","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Res Rev."},{"issue":"10397","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01301-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"402","author":"2021 Diabetes Collaborators","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib4","first-page":"2","article-title":"Self-efficacy of foot care behaviour of elderly patients with diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Ahmad Sharoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Malays. Fam. Physician"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2014.05.001","article-title":"The role of foot self-care behavior on developing foot ulcers in diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy: A prospective study","volume":"51","author":"Chin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J. Nurs. Stud."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib6","first-page":"52","article-title":"Diabetes and frailty","volume":"22","author":"Assar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03319104","article-title":"Frailty and safety: The example of diabetes","volume":"35","author":"Abbatecola","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.7547\/15-186","article-title":"Foot Problems in Older Adults Associations with Incident Falls, Frailty Syndrome, and Sensor-Derived Gait, Balance, and Physical Activity Measures","volume":"108","author":"Muchna","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-3180.2020.0492.r1.0802021","article-title":"Influence of foot pain on frailty symptoms in an elderly population: a case-control study","volume":"139","author":"Navarro-Flores","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sao Paulo Med. J. = Rev. Paul. De. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2018.27.7.409","article-title":"Frailty syndrome and functional disability among older adults with and without diabetes and foot ulcers","volume":"27","author":"B\u00f4as","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Wound Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-022-1726-7","article-title":"Frailty is associated with impaired diabetic foot ulcer healing and all-cause rehospitalization","volume":"26","author":"Maltese","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8774","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-88410-5","article-title":"Several frailty parameters highly prevalent in middle age (50\u201365) are independent predictors of adverse events","volume":"11","author":"Segaux","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e323","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(18)30091-4","article-title":"Frailty and pre-frailty in middle-aged and older adults and its association with multimorbidity and mortality: A prospective analysis of 493,737 UK Biobank participants","volume":"3","author":"Hanlon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"10206","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31785-4","article-title":"Management of frailty: Opportunities, challenges, and future directions","volume":"394","author":"Dent","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2016.1212282","article-title":"Frailty as a predictor of disabilities among community-dwelling older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Kojima","year":"2017","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9092","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19159092","article-title":"Frailty in community-dwelling adults aged 40 years and over with type 2 diabetes: Association with self-management behaviors","volume":"19","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J. Environ. Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib17","first-page":"41","article-title":"E\u011fitimsizler i\u00e7in modifiye edilen mini mental testin (MMSE-E) T\u00fcrk toplumunda Alzheimer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131s\u0131nda ge\u00e7erlik g\u00fcvenilirlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131","volume":"27","author":"Babacan Y\u0131ld\u0131z","year":"2016","journal-title":"Turk. Psikiyatr. Derg."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-012-0084-2","article-title":"A simple frailty questionnaire (FRAIL) predicts outcomes in middle aged African Americans","volume":"16","author":"Morley","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.5472\/marumj.1297696","article-title":"An effective and practical tool to assess physical frailty in older adults: Turkish validation of the FRAIL Scale","volume":"36","author":"Hymabaccus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Marmara Med J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1177\/0193945907303104","article-title":"Improving foot self-care behaviors with Pies Sanos","volume":"30","author":"Borges","year":"2008","journal-title":"West J. Nurs. Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib21","first-page":"35","article-title":"Ayak bak\u0131m davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Formu Ge\u00e7erlik ve G\u00fcvenirli\u011fi. Diyabet","volume":"6","author":"K\u0131r Bi\u00e7er","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obezite ve Hipertans. Derg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib22","article-title":"Educational methods increasing self-efficacy for the management of foot care in adults with diabetes and implementation of foot care behaviors","author":"Quarles","year":"2005","journal-title":"U. S. Ky. Univ. Ky."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib23","first-page":"40","article-title":"Diyabetik Ayak Bak\u0131m\u0131 \u00d6zetkililik \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011finin ge\u00e7erlik ve g\u00fcvenirlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131. Diyabet, Obezite ve","volume":"6","author":"K\u0131r Bi\u00e7er","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hipertans. Hem. \u015firelik Forum"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3732","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_486_21","article-title":"Practices followed by type-II diabetes mellitus patients for prevention of foot ulcers","volume":"10","author":"Kaur","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Fam. Med Prim. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2025.109599","article-title":"Association between frailty progression and clinical outcomes in patients with diabetic foot ulcers","volume":"186","author":"Hong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2017.05.004","article-title":"ARR. Self-efficacy and self-care behaviours among adults with type 2 diabetes","volume":"36","author":"D\u2019Souza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Nurs. Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.20473\/jn.v14i2.16741","article-title":"The impact of self-efficacy on the foot care behavior of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Indonesia","volume":"14","author":"Huda","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ners"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4216","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.1710","article-title":"Factors influencing foot care behaviour among patients with diabetes: An integrative literature review","volume":"10","author":"Woo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nurs. Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib29","first-page":"825","article-title":"Tip 2 diyabetli ya\u015fl\u0131larda k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131k ve \u00f6z-etkililik d\u00fczeyinin belirlenmesi: Tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma","volume":"14","author":"Kurto\u011flu","year":"2022","journal-title":"T\u00fcrkiye Klin. Hem. \u015firelik Bilim. Derg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2743","article-title":"Where frailty meets diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Perkisas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Res Rev."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-016-0801-3","article-title":"Frailty, diabetes, and mortality in middle-aged African Americans","volume":"20","author":"Chode","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(20)30014-3","article-title":"Frailty measurement, prevalence, incidence, and clinical implications in people with diabetes: a systematic review and study-level meta-analysis","volume":"1","author":"Hanlon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-018-0772-2","article-title":"Both pre-frailty and frailty increase healthcare utilization and adverse outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"17","author":"Chao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib34","first-page":"262","article-title":"The hidden impact: Frailty and malnutrition in patients with diabetic foot ulcers","volume":"8","author":"Demir","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Health Sci. Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13010","article-title":"Perceptions and experiences of diabetic foot ulceration and foot care in people with diabetes: A qualitative meta-synthesis","volume":"16","author":"Coffey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Wound J."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2014.05.001","article-title":"The role of foot self-care behavior on developing foot ulcers in diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy: A prospective study","volume":"51","author":"Chin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J. Nurs. Stud."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib37","article-title":"on behalf of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF). Guidelines on the prevention of foot ulcers in persons with diabetes (IWGDF 2023 update)","volume":"40","author":"Bus","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Res Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2023.0342","article-title":"When two debilitating diseases collide: Frailty and diabetic foot","volume":"34","author":"G\u00fcven","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Wound Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib39","first-page":"139","article-title":"Diabetic foot risk factors & level in diabetes people: A cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Ko\u00e7akg\u00f6l","year":"2023","journal-title":"Iran. J. Diabetes Obes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib40","article-title":"Frailty Index was Associated With Adverse Outcomes in Admitted Elderly Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"60","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"INQUIRY J. Health Care Organ. Provis. Financ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jfa2.70038","article-title":"The association of sarcopenia and frailty in diabetes-related foot disease: A 3-year prospective evaluation","volume":"18","author":"Hon","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Foot Ankle Res"}],"container-title":["Primary Care Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751991825002281?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751991825002281?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T07:19:30Z","timestamp":1781853570000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1751991825002281"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1751991825002281"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-9918"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-9918","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impact of frailty on foot care behaviors and self-efficacy in middle-aged and older adults with type 2 diabetes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Primary Care Diabetes","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Primary Care Diabetes Europe. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}