{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T07:53:13Z","timestamp":1781855593874,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011912","name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["V113C-166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["V113C-166"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011912","name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["V114C-177"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["V114C-177"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008903","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOHW112-TDU-B-212-144004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOHW112-TDU-B-212-144004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008903","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004391","name":"China Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMR-111-105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-111-105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004391","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004391","name":"China Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMR-112-087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-112-087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004391","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC113\\u20132314-B-075\\u2013007-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC113\\u20132314-B-075\\u2013007-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","primary-care-diabetes.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Primary Care Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T12:21:37Z","timestamp":1764332497000},"page":"68-73","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The impact of pay-for-performance programs on hospitalization risks in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A nationwide cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yun-Kai","family":"Yeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu-Shun","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James Cheng-Chung","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5893-6918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Ting","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heng-Jun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Hsiu","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Cheng","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8209-9627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chii-Min","family":"Hwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9911","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60591-7","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes","volume":"383","author":"Atkinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3810\/hp.2013.08.1072","article-title":"Management of the hospitalized patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"41","author":"Mendez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hosp. Pract. (1995)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsb035374","article-title":"Paying physicians for high-quality care","volume":"350","author":"Epstein","year":"2004","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-1881","article-title":"The effects of pay-for-performance programs on health, health care use, and processes of care: a systematic review","volume":"166","author":"Mendelson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa0807651","article-title":"Effects of pay for performance on the quality of primary care in England","volume":"361","author":"Campbell","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8227(14)70735-1","article-title":"Team care of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Taiwan","volume":"106","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2024.105382","article-title":"The impact of pay-for-performance care on the mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in older adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"26","author":"Yen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06091-2","article-title":"The effect of pay-for-performance program on infection events and mortality rate in diabetic patients: a nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"21","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000019139","article-title":"Diabetes pay-for-performance program can reduce all-cause mortality in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"99","author":"Kung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.108928","article-title":"Outcomes of second-line oral antidiabetic drugs in persons with young-onset type 2 diabetes","volume":"177","author":"Yen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086172","article-title":"Incidence of and mortality from Type I diabetes in Taiwan from 1999 through 2010: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-078226","article-title":"How to use directed acyclic graphs: guide for clinical researchers","volume":"388","author":"Feeney","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1097\/00019616-199807000-00004","article-title":"Comprehensive management of the hospitalized patient with diabetes","volume":"8","author":"Ahmann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrinologist"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.17.2053","article-title":"Risk factors for hospitalization in people with diabetes","volume":"159","author":"Moss","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-2131","article-title":"Risk of infection in type 1 and type 2 diabetes compared with the general population: a matched cohort study","volume":"41","author":"Carey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzp059","article-title":"Continuity of diabetes care is associated with avoidable hospitalizations: evidence from Taiwan's National Health Insurance scheme","volume":"22","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J. Qual. Health Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-022-01504-3","article-title":"Assessing Taiwan's pay-for-performance program for diabetes care: a cost-benefit net value approach","volume":"24","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Health Econ."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-2010","article-title":"Aspects of multicomponent integrated care promote sustained improvement in surrogate clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Lim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13422","article-title":"Synergy between the pay-for-performance scheme and better physician-patient relationship might reduce the risk of retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Chiou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Invest."},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000012759","article-title":"Impact of the pay-for-performance program on lower extremity amputations in patients with diabetes in Taiwan","volume":"97","author":"Sheen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmy128","article-title":"An evaluation of a multifaceted, local Quality Improvement Framework for long-term conditions in UK primary care","volume":"36","author":"Gabel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fam. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2021.106787","article-title":"A nationwide cohort investigation on pay-for-performance and major adverse limb events in patients with diabetes","volume":"153","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.110136","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of the pay-for-performance program for patients with young-onset (20-40 years of age) type 2 diabetes","volume":"193","author":"Yen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czt056","article-title":"Does the pay-for-performance programme reduce the emergency department visits for hypoglycaemia in type 2 diabetic patients?","volume":"29","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0138","article-title":"Diabetes, glycemic control, and risk of hospitalization with pneumonia: a population-based case-control study","volume":"31","author":"Kornum","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.05.029","article-title":"Increased risk of respiratory diseases in adults with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes","volume":"142","author":"George","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s12962-023-00450-y","article-title":"Impact of a diabetes pay-for-performance program on nonincentivized mental disorders: a panel study based on claims database analysis","volume":"21","author":"Sung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cost. Eff. Resour. Alloc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2019.08.011","article-title":"Pay-for-performance for shared care of diabetes in Taiwan","volume":"118","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Formos. Med. Assoc."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(96)00236-3","article-title":"A simulation study of the number of events per variable in logistic regression analysis","volume":"49","author":"Peduzzi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."}],"container-title":["Primary Care Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S175199182500230X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S175199182500230X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T07:20:26Z","timestamp":1781853626000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S175199182500230X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S175199182500230X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-9918"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-9918","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The impact of pay-for-performance programs on hospitalization risks in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A nationwide cohort study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Primary Care Diabetes","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.11.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Primary Care Diabetes Europe. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}