{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:55:48Z","timestamp":1792101348836,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011946","name":"Abbott Diabetes Care Inc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011946","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","primary-care-diabetes.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Primary Care Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T11:15:12Z","timestamp":1783768512000},"page":"562-573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Continuous glucose monitoring in spanish primary care: Current situation and Delphi consensus to inform clinical practice recommendations"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3710-6370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Mar\u00eda","family":"Cebri\u00e1n Cuenca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2501-3049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"de la Cuadra-Grande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ezequiel","family":"Arranz Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Isabel","family":"Egocheaga Cabello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Mingorance Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2711-5727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Cuatrecasas Cambra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngeles Beatriz","family":"\u00c1lvarez Hermida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itziar","family":"Oyag\u00fcez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Barrot de la Puente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group, Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33), Lancet 352 (1998) 837\u2013853.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07019-6"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0905479","article-title":"Three-year efficacy of complex insulin regimens in type 2 diabetes","volume":"361","author":"Holman","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S132","DOI":"10.2337\/dc26-S006","article-title":"6. Glycemic goals, hypoglycemia, and hyperglycemic crises: standards of care in diabetes\u20142026","volume":"49","author":"Bajaj","year":"2026","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.2337\/dci19-0028","article-title":"Clinical targets for continuous glucose monitoring data interpretation: recommendations from the international consensus on time in range","volume":"42","author":"Battelino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15858","article-title":"Patient-reported outcomes in studies of diabetes technology: what matters","volume":"26","author":"Liarakos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-023-01431-3","article-title":"Expanding the role of continuous glucose monitoring in modern diabetes care beyond type 1 disease","volume":"14","author":"Klupa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000689","article-title":"Continuous glucose monitoring in primary care \u2013 are we there?","volume":"29","author":"Martens","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Endocrinol. Diabetes Obes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-83548-4","article-title":"Continuous glucose monitoring among adults with type 2 diabetes receiving noninsulin or basal insulin therapy in primary care","volume":"14","author":"Shields","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968211070855","article-title":"The benefits of utilizing continuous glucose monitoring of diabetes mellitus in primary care: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Kieu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-019-0870-x","article-title":"Continuous glucose monitoring: a brief review for primary care practitioners","volume":"36","author":"Ajjan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2022.2080419","article-title":"How use of continuous glucose monitoring can address therapeutic inertia in primary care","volume":"134","author":"Martens","year":"2022","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2021.0216","article-title":"Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) readings during patient-reported symptomatic hypoglycemia: assessment of the advanced technologies and treatments for diabetes consensus definition of CGM-recorded hypoglycemia","volume":"24","author":"Hornborg Svensson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib13","first-page":"7","article-title":"Implementing continuous glucose monitoring in clinical practice","volume":"28","author":"Adkison","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fam. Pract. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2024.0579","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial using continuous glucose monitoring to guide food choices and diabetes self-care in people with type 2 diabetes not taking insulin","volume":"27","author":"Martens","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-025-01816-6","article-title":"Cost-utility analysis of freestyle libre systems in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus on treatment with basal insulin and poor glycemic control in Spain","volume":"17","author":"Robles-Plaza","year":"2026","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-021-01064-4","article-title":"Cost analysis of FreeStyle Libre\u00ae 2 system in type 2 diabetes mellitus population","volume":"12","author":"Oyag\u00fcez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1177\/15209156251363576","article-title":"Cost analysis of the freestyle libre systems in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus on basal insulin with poor glycemic control: a Spanish perspective","volume":"28","author":"Ampudia-Blasco","year":"2026","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol. & Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib18","unstructured":"Ministerio de Sanidad, Contenido de la Cartera de Servicios, Ministerio de Sanidad, Madrid, 2026. \u3008https:\/\/www.sanidad.gob.es\/profesionales\/prestacionesSanitarias\/CarteraDeServicios\/ContenidoCS\/Home.htm\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib19","unstructured":"The Delphi method: Techniques and applications, Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., Advanced Book Program, Santa Monica, 1975. \u3008http:\/\/archive.org\/details\/delphimethodtech0000unse\u3009 (accessed March 11, 2026)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-016-0257-x","article-title":"How to use the nominal group and Delphi techniques","author":"McMillan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216317690685","article-title":"Guidance on conducting and REporting DElphi Studies (CREDES) in palliative care: recommendations based on a methodological systematic review","volume":"31","author":"J\u00fcnger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Palliat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib22","series-title":"RAND methodological guidance for conducting and critically appraising delphi panels","author":"Khodyakov","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ 372"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib24","first-page":"388","article-title":"M\u00e9todos de consenso. Uso adecuado de la evidencia en la toma de decisiones. \u00abM\u00e9todo RAND\/UCLA","volume":"35","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Sahuquillo Amuedo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rehabil. \u00f3N."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib25","article-title":"Common questions on continuous glucose monitoring in primary care","volume":"71","author":"Miller","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Fam. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01598-2","article-title":"Role of continuous glucose monitoring in diabetic patients at high cardiovascular risk: an expert-based multidisciplinary Delphi consensus","volume":"21","author":"Di Mario","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-0690","article-title":"Initiation of intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring is associated with reduced hospitalization for acute diabetes events and cardiovascular complications in adults with type 1 diabetes","volume":"47","author":"Eeg-Olofsson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-024-06289-z","article-title":"Intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring compared with blood glucose monitoring is associated with lower HbA1c and a reduced risk of hospitalisation for diabetes-related complications in adults with type 2 diabetes on insulin therapies","volume":"68","author":"Nathanson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-025-06438-y","article-title":"Severe hypoglycaemia is associated with increased risk of adverse cardiovascular complications in adults with type 1 diabetes: risk mitigation using intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring","volume":"68","author":"Eeg-Olofsson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2025.0227","article-title":"Initiation of continuous glucose monitoring and mortality in type 2 diabetes","volume":"27","author":"Reaven","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol. & Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.2876","article-title":"Continuous glucose monitoring in primary care: understanding and supporting clinicians\u2019 use to enhance diabetes care","volume":"20","author":"Oser","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Fam. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2019.01.018","article-title":"The use of real time continuous glucose monitoring or flash glucose monitoring in the management of diabetes: a consensus view of Italian diabetes experts using the Delphi method","volume":"29","author":"Bruttomesso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3S","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721718818066","article-title":"Reference guide for integrating continuous glucose monitoring into clinical practice","volume":"45","author":"Kruger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Educ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296818813581","article-title":"Continuous glucose monitoring integration in clinical practice: a stepped guide to data review and interpretation","volume":"13","author":"Aleppo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12807","article-title":"Effectiveness and acceptability of continuous glucose monitoring for type 2 diabetes management: a narrative review","volume":"9","author":"Taylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib36","series-title":"Clinical Research (Other)","first-page":"2745","article-title":"Relationship of primary care clinician characteristics with continuous glucose monitoring use and confidence","author":"Hall","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16153","article-title":"Minimum expectations for market authorization of continuous glucose monitoring devices in Europe\u2014\u2018 eCGM \u2019 compliance status","volume":"27","author":"Mathieu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968241271304","article-title":"FDA interoperability designation\u2014creating options for people with diabetes and pump companies: regulatory, technological, and commercial perspectives","volume":"19","author":"Klonoff","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968241241005","article-title":"Feasibility and performance of continuous glucose monitoring to guide computerized insulin infusion therapy in cardiovascular intensive care unit","volume":"18","author":"Ang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-025-01706-x","article-title":"Practical approaches to continuous glucose monitoring in primary care: a UK-based consensus opinion","volume":"16","author":"Fernando","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.15500","article-title":"Removing barriers to management of adults with type 2 diabetes on insulin using continuous glucose monitoring in UK primary care practice: an expert consensus","volume":"42","author":"Seidu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.2337\/ds17-0024","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes management in primary care: the role of retrospective, professional continuous glucose monitoring","volume":"31","author":"Shrivastav","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Spectr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296818790994","article-title":"Behavior modification in prediabetes and diabetes: potential use of real-time continuous glucose monitoring","volume":"13","author":"Ehrhardt","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2017.10.009","article-title":"Practical implementation, education and interpretation guidelines for continuous glucose monitoring: a French position statement","volume":"44","author":"Borot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes & Metab."}],"container-title":["Primary Care Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751991826001245?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751991826001245?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T16:14:01Z","timestamp":1788797641000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1751991826001245"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1751991826001245"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-9918"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-9918","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Continuous glucose monitoring in spanish primary care: Current situation and Delphi consensus to inform clinical practice recommendations","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Primary Care Diabetes","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.07.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Primary Care Diabetes Europe. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}