{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T18:56:39Z","timestamp":1792522599774,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,1]],"date-time":"2009-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1243814400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,11]],"date-time":"2009-06-11T09:16:51Z","timestamp":1244711811000},"page":"579-600","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":125,"title":["Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"G. Ganesh","family":"Konduri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U. Olivia","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib1","first-page":"87","article-title":"\u201cPFC syndrome\u201d (persistence of the fetal circulation)","volume":"40","author":"Gersony","year":"1969","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.59.2.205","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in the perinatal aspiration syndromes","volume":"59","author":"Fox","year":"1977","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1984.02140440076021","article-title":"Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Trends in incidence, diagnosis, and management","volume":"138","author":"Hageman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib4","first-page":"357","article-title":"Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn treated with hyperventilation: clinical features and outcome","volume":"24","author":"John","year":"1988","journal-title":"Aust Paediatr J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950050103","article-title":"Predicting survival in infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"5","author":"Davis","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.3.559","article-title":"A randomized trial of early versus standard inhaled nitric oxide therapy in term and near-term newborn infants with hypoxic respiratory failure","volume":"113","author":"Konduri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-002-0927-7","article-title":"Alveolar capillary dysplasia: a cause of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"161","author":"Alameh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2007.05.054","article-title":"ABCA3 deficiency presenting as persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"151","author":"Kunig","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1953.sp004936","article-title":"Changes in the lungs of the newborn lamb","volume":"121","author":"Dawes","year":"1953","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1964.sp007361","article-title":"The vascular resistance of the foetal and newly ventilated lung of the lamb","volume":"171","author":"Cassin","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-5108(18)30039-3","article-title":"Pulmonary vascular biology during neonatal transition","volume":"26","author":"Lakshminrusimha","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.3.257","article-title":"Reactivity of the human fetal pulmonary circulation to maternal hyperoxygenation increases during the second half of pregnancy: a randomized study","volume":"97","author":"Rasanen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib13","first-page":"H542","article-title":"Development of pulmonary vascular response to oxygen","volume":"254","author":"Morin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199107000-00013","article-title":"Prostaglandin inhibition prevents the fall in pulmonary vascular resistance as a result of rhythmic distension of the lungs in fetal lambs","volume":"30","author":"Velvis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.64.1.61","article-title":"Effect of changing lung liquid volume on the pulmonary circulation of fetal lambs","volume":"64","author":"Walker","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib16","first-page":"H1921","article-title":"Role of endothelium-derived relaxing factor during transition of pulmonary circulation at birth","volume":"259","author":"Abman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"1 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib17","first-page":"H376","article-title":"Increasing oxygen tension dilates fetal pulmonary circulation via endothelium-derived relaxing factor","volume":"265","author":"Tiktinsky","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.11.4.7522486","article-title":"Oxygen modulates nitric oxide production selectively in fetal pulmonary endothelial cells","volume":"11","author":"Shaul","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116100","article-title":"Oxygen modulates prostacyclin synthesis in ovine fetal pulmonary arteries by an effect on cyclooxygenase","volume":"90","author":"Shaul","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1600","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00245.2002","article-title":"Role of oxidative phosphorylation and ATP release in birth related pulmonary vasodilation in fetal lambs","volume":"283","author":"Konduri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib21","first-page":"H2377","article-title":"Purine nucleotides contribute to pulmonary vasodilation caused by birth related stimuli in the ovine fetus","volume":"272","author":"Konduri","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"Heart Circ Physiol 34","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib22","first-page":"H1056","article-title":"Pulmonary endothelial nitric oxide production is developmentally regulated in the fetus and newborn","volume":"265","author":"Shaul","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200705-750OC","article-title":"Intrauterine pulmonary hypertension impairs angiogenesis in vitro: role of vascular endothelial growth factor nitric oxide signaling","volume":"176","author":"Gien","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L315","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00038.2005","article-title":"rhVEGF treatment preserves pulmonary vascular reactivity and structure in an experimental model of pulmonary hypertension in fetal sheep","volume":"289","author":"Grover","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199910000-00009","article-title":"Changes in ANP responsiveness of normal and hypertensive porcine intrapulmonary arteries during maturation","volume":"46","author":"Matsushita","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198410000-00006","article-title":"The onset of breathing at birth stimulates pulmonary vascular prostacyclin synthesis","volume":"18","author":"Leffler","year":"1984","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8089","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.15.8089","article-title":"Oxygen causes fetal pulmonary vasodilation through activation of a calcium-dependent potassium channel","volume":"93","author":"Cornfield","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI333","article-title":"Molecular identification of the role of voltage-gated K+ channels, Kv1.5 and Kv2.1, in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and control of resting membrane potential in rat pulmonary artery myocytes","volume":"101","author":"Archer","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199809000-00012","article-title":"Decreased gene expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in newborns with persistent pulmonary hypertension","volume":"44","author":"Villanueva","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200106143442404","article-title":"Neonatal pulmonary hypertension: urea-cycle intermediates, nitric oxide production and carbamoylphosphate synthetase function","volume":"344","author":"Pearson","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"Lung Cell Mol Physiol","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib31","first-page":"L1005","article-title":"Pulmonary endothelial NO synthase gene expression is decreased in fetal lambs with pulmonary hypertension","volume":"272","author":"Shaul","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"Lung Cell Mol Physiol 16","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib32","first-page":"L1013","article-title":"Chronic intrauterine pulmonary hypertension impairs endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the ovine fetus","volume":"272","author":"Villamor","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000051466.00227.13","article-title":"Metabolism of asymmetric dimethylarginines is regulated in the lung developmentally and with pulmonary hypertension induced by hypobaric hypoxia","volume":"107","author":"Arrigoni","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-3223fje","article-title":"Increased levels and reduced catabolism of asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginines in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"19","author":"Pullamsetti","year":"2005","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)81552-5","article-title":"Elevated immunoreactive endothelin-1 levels in newborn infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension","volume":"123","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L480","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00283.2004","article-title":"Endothelin-1 decreases endothelial NOS expression and activity through ETA receptor-mediated generation of hydrogen peroxide","volume":"288","author":"Wedgwood","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000063424.28903.BB","article-title":"Increased superoxide generation is associated with pulmonary hypertension in fetal lambs: a role for NADPH oxidase","volume":"92","author":"Brennan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1812","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00425.2006","article-title":"Oxidant stress from uncoupled nitric oxide synthase impairs vasodilation in fetal lambs with persistent pulmonary hypertension","volume":"292","author":"Konduri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-0496(200102)31:2<97::AID-PPUL1016>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension alters soluble guanylate cyclase activity and expression in pulmonary arteries isolated from fetal lambs","volume":"31","author":"Tzao","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80454-5","article-title":"Relationship of maternal treatment with indomethacin to persistence of fetal circulation syndrome","volume":"92","author":"Csaba","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(79)80390-X","article-title":"Effect on neonate of maternal treatment with indomethacin","volume":"94","author":"Rubaltelli","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.3.519","article-title":"Analysis of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in meconium and its relation to persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"107","author":"Alano","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114091","article-title":"Failure of postnatal adaptation of the pulmonary circulation after chronic intrauterine pulmonary hypertension in fetal lambs","volume":"83","author":"Abman","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198903000-00005","article-title":"Ligating the ductus arteriosus before birth causes persistent pulmonary hypertension in newborn lamb","volume":"25","author":"Morin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H204","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00837.2002","article-title":"Decreased association of HSP90 impairs endothelial nitric oxide synthase in fetal lambs with persistent pulmonary hypertension","volume":"285","author":"Konduri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200605-676OC","article-title":"Superoxide dismutase improves oxygenation and reduces oxidation in neonatal pulmonary hypertension","volume":"174","author":"Lakshminrusimha","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L648","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00288.2004","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension impairs alveolarization and reduces lung growth in the ovine fetus","volume":"288","author":"Grover","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211299","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular dysfunction in growth-restricted, extremely low birth weight neonates","volume":"25","author":"Danhaive","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.1.14","article-title":"Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn in the era before nitric oxide: practice variation and outcomes","volume":"105","author":"Walsh-Sukys","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(02)01942-7","article-title":"Changing obstetric practices associated with decreasing incidence of meconium aspiration syndrome","volume":"99","author":"Yoder","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31816499f4","article-title":"Late-preterm birth: does the changing obstetric paradigm alter the epidemiology of respiratory complications?","volume":"111","author":"Yoder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.109602","article-title":"Surfactant and surfactant inhibitors in meconium aspiration syndrome","volume":"138","author":"Dargaville","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1998.tb01472.x","article-title":"Endothelin-1, atrial natriuretic peptide and pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension in porcine meconium aspiration","volume":"87","author":"Soukka","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0b013e318063c602","article-title":"ECMO for meconium aspiration syndrome: support for relaxed entry criteria","volume":"53","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"2007","journal-title":"ASAIO J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa052744","article-title":"Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors and risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"354","author":"Chambers","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1710","article-title":"Antidepressant medication use and risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"18","author":"Andrade","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib57","first-page":"725","article-title":"Beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection appearing as persistent fetal circulation","volume":"136","author":"Shankaran","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199004000-00006","article-title":"Group B Streptococcus promotes oxygen radical-dependent thromboxane accumulation in young piglets","volume":"27","author":"Shook","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000078272.77816.1E","article-title":"The role of endothelin converting enzyme inhibition during group B Streptococcus-induced pulmonary hypertension in newborn piglets","volume":"54","author":"Navarrete","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(85)80034-X","article-title":"Association of elective repeat cesarian delivery and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"152","author":"Heritage","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200204-304CC","article-title":"Congenital diaphragmatic hernia","volume":"166","author":"Bohn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2002.30834","article-title":"Congenital diaphragmatic hernia in 120 infants treated consecutively with permissive hypercapnea\/spontaneous respiration\/elective repair","volume":"37","author":"Boloker","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20244","article-title":"Persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn due to congenital capillary alveolar dysplasia","volume":"40","author":"Singh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2005.067","article-title":"Alveolar capillary dysplasia: a six-year single center experience","volume":"33","author":"Eulmesekian","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1159\/000101347","article-title":"Genetic disorders of surfactant proteins","volume":"91","author":"Hamvas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032178","article-title":"ABCA3 gene mutations in newborns with fatal surfactant deficiency","volume":"350","author":"Shulenin","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199702273360901","article-title":"The Neonatal Inhaled Nitric Oxide Study Group. Inhaled nitric oxide in full-term and nearly full-term infants with hypoxic respiratory failure","volume":"336","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(98)70482-2","article-title":"Multicenter study of surfactant (beractant) use in the treatment of term infants with severe respiratory failure","volume":"132","author":"Lotze","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.6.1339","article-title":"Decreased use of neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): how new treatment modalities have affected ECMO utilization","volume":"106","author":"Hintz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(97)70124-0","article-title":"Randomized, multicenter trial of inhaled nitric oxide and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in severe, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"131","author":"Kinsella","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(99)70027-2","article-title":"Prolonged use of pancuronium bromide and sensorineural hearing loss in childhood survivors of congenital diaphragmatic hernia","volume":"135","author":"Cheung","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1080\/08035250500294098","article-title":"Ototoxic drugs and sensorineural hearing loss following severe neonatal respiratory failure","volume":"95","author":"Robertson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta P\u00e6diatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(81)80775-5","article-title":"The independent effects of hyperventilation, tolazoline, and dopamine on infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension","volume":"98","author":"Drummond","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198812000-00010","article-title":"Respiratory alkalosis attenuates thromboxane-induced pulmonary hypertension","volume":"16","author":"Schreiber","year":"1988","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198602000-00003","article-title":"Increased arterial pH, not decreased PaCO2, attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction in newborn lambs","volume":"20","author":"Schreiber","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.81.5.650","article-title":"Hearing loss in infants with persistent fetal circulation","volume":"81","author":"Hendricks-Munoz","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.90.3.392","article-title":"Hearing and neurodevelopmental outcome in survivors of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"90","author":"Marron","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.03.007","article-title":"Pulmonary circulatory effects of norepinephrine in newborn infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension","volume":"153","author":"Tourneux","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.83.6.2038","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide. A selective pulmonary vasodilator reversing hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction","volume":"83","author":"Frostell","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(03)00013-6","article-title":"Nasal and lower airway levels of nitric oxide in prematurely born infants","volume":"72","author":"Williams","year":"2003","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-004-1480-3","article-title":"Exhaled nitric oxide levels in infants with chronic lung disease","volume":"163","author":"Leipala","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"8823","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)92686-A","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"340","author":"Roberts","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8823","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)92687-B","article-title":"Low-dose inhalation nitric oxide in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"340","author":"Kinsella","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199702273360902","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"336","author":"Roberts","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3722","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200011000-00031","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide reduces the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"28","author":"Christou","year":"2000","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200002173420704","article-title":"Low-dose nitric oxide therapy for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"342","author":"Clark","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.100.5.e7","article-title":"Improved oxygenation in a randomized trial of inhaled nitric oxide for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"100","author":"Wessel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.2.344","article-title":"American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Fetus and Newborn. Use of inhaled nitric oxide","volume":"106","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.101.3.325","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide for the early treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the term newborn: a randomized, double masked, placebo controlled, dose-response, multicenter study","volume":"101","author":"Davidson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.6.1390","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide does not affect adenosine 5\u2032-diphosphate-dependent platelet activation in infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"102","author":"Christou","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1083","article-title":"Changes in arterial oxygen tension when weaning neonates from inhaled nitric oxide","volume":"32","author":"Sokol","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.104.2.231","article-title":"Safety of withdrawing inhaled nitric oxide therapy in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"104","author":"Davidson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3180db29fe","article-title":"Pulmonary hemodynamics in neonatal lambs resuscitated with 21%, 50%, and 100% oxygen","volume":"62","author":"Lakshminrusimha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.99.6.838","article-title":"Neonatal Inhaled Nitric Oxide Study Group (NINOS). Inhaled nitric oxide and hypoxic respiratory failure in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia","volume":"99","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib95","first-page":"L931","article-title":"Chronic pulmonary hypertension increases fetal lung cGMP phosphodiesterase activity","volume":"275","author":"Hanson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199907000-00041","article-title":"Sildenafil ameliorates effects of inhaled nitric oxide withdrawal","volume":"91","author":"Atz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0523","article-title":"Oral sildenafil in infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: a pilot randomized blinded study","volume":"117","author":"Baquero","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.10389","article-title":"Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: a review","volume":"36","author":"Travadi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.129849","article-title":"Inhaled prostacyclin for term infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension refractory to inhaled nitric oxide","volume":"141","author":"Kelly","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199511000-00018","article-title":"Milrinone: systemic and pulmonary hemodynamic effects in neonates after cardiac surgery","volume":"23","author":"Chang","year":"1995","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000088192","article-title":"Neonatal persistent pulmonary hypertension treated with milrinone: four case reports","volume":"89","author":"Bassler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Neonate"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2006.01.001","article-title":"Milrinone improves oxygenation in neonates with severe persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"21","author":"McNamara","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Crit Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)41180-X","article-title":"Extracorporeal circulation (ECMO) in neonatal respiratory failure","volume":"74","author":"Bartlett","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"9020","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)04100-1","article-title":"UK Collaborative ECMO Trial Group. UK collaborative randomised trial of neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"348","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001340.pub2","article-title":"Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe respiratory failure in newborn infants","author":"Mugford","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2005.02.003","article-title":"The disease treated with ECMO: focus on PPHN","volume":"29","author":"Farrow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2008.09.002","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide for preterm neonates","volume":"36","author":"Arul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0971","article-title":"Pulmonary artery hypertension in formerly premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: clinical features and outcomes in the surfactant era","volume":"120","author":"Khemani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.09.021","article-title":"Effects of long-term sildenafil treatment for pulmonary hypertension in infants with chronic lung disease","volume":"154","author":"Mourani","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2003.021956","article-title":"Severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in a premature baby treated with sildenafil acetate (Viagra) for pulmonary hypertension","volume":"88","author":"Marsh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.11.065","article-title":"Early inhaled nitric oxide therapy for term and near-term newborn infants with hypoxic respiratory failure: neurodevelopmental follow-up","volume":"150","author":"Konduri","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2000.104826","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide in term and near term infants: neurodevelopmental follow-up of the Neonatal Inhaled Nitric Oxide Study Group (NINOS)","volume":"136","author":"The Neonatal Inhaled Nitric Oxide Study Group","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200205000-00022","article-title":"Late-onset, progressive sensorineural hearing loss after severe neonatal respiratory failure","volume":"23","author":"Robertson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.122730","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental and medical outcomes of persistent pulmonary hypertension in term newborns treated with nitric oxide","volume":"140","author":"Lipkin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e31815b43ee","article-title":"Betamethasone attenuates oxidant stress in endothelial cells from fetal lambs with persistent pulmonary hypertension","volume":"63","author":"Chandrasekar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031395509000376?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031395509000376?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T17:02:12Z","timestamp":1685034132000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031395509000376"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"references-count":115,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031395509000376"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.04.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3955","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]}}}