{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T23:25:07Z","timestamp":1771543507248,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364774400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,20]],"date-time":"2013-01-20T15:17:18Z","timestamp":1358695038000},"page":"409-424","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Acute Sinusitis in Children"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Itzhak","family":"Brook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(00)70135-5","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of uncomplicated acute bacterial rhinosinusitis: summary of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research evidence-based report","volume":"122","author":"Benninger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1408","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2881","article-title":"Incidence of acute otitis media and sinusitis complicating upper respiratory tract infection: the effect of age","volume":"119","author":"Revai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(97)70001-9","article-title":"Adult rhinosinusitis defined","volume":"117","author":"Lanza","year":"1997","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.87.2.129","article-title":"Upper respiratory tract infections in young children: duration of and frequency of complications","volume":"87","author":"Wald","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198103263041302","article-title":"Acute maxillary sinusitis in children","volume":"304","author":"Wald","year":"1981","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.26.3.592-594.1988","article-title":"Aerobic and anaerobic bacteriology of purulent nasopharyngitis in children","volume":"26","author":"Brook","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.08.044","article-title":"Treating acute rhinosinusitis: comparing efficacy and safety of mometasone furoate nasal spray, amoxicillin, and placebo","volume":"116","author":"Meltzer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2006.09.014","article-title":"Rhinosinusitis: developing guidance for clinical trials","volume":"135","author":"Meltzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.09.029","article-title":"Rhinosinusitis: establishing definitions for clinical research and patient care","volume":"114","author":"Meltzer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2007.06.724","article-title":"Systematic review of antimicrobial therapy in patients with acute rhinosinusitis","volume":"137","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2007","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(92)90169-3","article-title":"The microbial etiology and antimicrobial therapy of adults with acute community-acquired sinusitis: a fifteen-year experience at the University of Virginia and review of other selected studies","volume":"90","author":"Gwaltney","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20878","article-title":"Moxifloxacin five-day therapy versus placebo in acute bacterial rhinosinusitis","volume":"120","author":"Hadley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2007.06.726","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline: adult sinusitis","volume":"137","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2007","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.124.1.31","article-title":"Management of rhinosinusitis in children. Consensus Meeting, Brussels, Belgium, September 13, 1996","volume":"124","author":"Clement","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLG.0000157332.17291.FC","article-title":"Microbiology of acute and chronic maxillary sinusitis associated with an odontogenic origin","volume":"115","author":"Brook","year":"2005","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.128.5.583","article-title":"Bacteriology of acute and chronic frontal sinusitis","volume":"128","author":"Brook","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940211101109","article-title":"Bacteriology of acute and chronic sphenoid sinusitis","volume":"111","author":"Brook","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/00063198-200305000-00003","article-title":"Acute and chronic frontal sinusitis","volume":"9","author":"Brook","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(84)81018-5","article-title":"Treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis in childhood\u2014a comparative study of amoxicillin and cefaclor","volume":"104","author":"Wald","year":"1984","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46346-0","article-title":"Frequency of recovery of pathogens causing acute maxillary sinusitis in adults before and after introduction of vaccination of children with the 7-valent pneumococcal vaccine","volume":"55","author":"Brook","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2006.10.025","article-title":"Frequency of recovery of pathogens from the nasopharynx of children with acute maxillary sinusitis before and after the introduction of vaccination with the 7-valent pneumococcal vaccine","volume":"71","author":"Brook","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Role of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in head and neck infections","volume":"11","author":"Brook","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.2008\/000851-0","article-title":"Increase in the frequency of recovery of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in acute and chronic maxillary sinusitis","volume":"57","author":"Brook","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1996.67.6.608","article-title":"Microbiology of periapical abscesses and associated maxillary sinusitis","volume":"67","author":"Brook","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Periodontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-999-0006-6","article-title":"Sinusitis in the immunocompromised host","volume":"1","author":"Decker","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr Infect Dis Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/146.5.589","article-title":"Bacteriology of the maxillary sinuses in patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"146","author":"Shapiro","year":"1982","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S151","DOI":"10.1086\/421353","article-title":"Acute community-acquired bacterial sinusitis\u2014continuing challenges and current management","volume":"39","author":"Sande","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-45-5-372","article-title":"Microbiology of the transition from acute to chronic maxillary sinusitis","volume":"45","author":"Brook","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197510092931502","article-title":"Sinusitis of the maxillary antrum","volume":"293","author":"Evans","year":"1975","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/139.2.197","article-title":"Etiology and antimicrobial therapy of acute maxillary sinusitis","volume":"139","author":"Hamory","year":"1979","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1086\/380641","article-title":"Acute community-acquired bacterial sinusitis: the value of antimicrobial treatment and the natural history","volume":"38","author":"Gwaltney","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2002.124847","article-title":"Maxillary sinus puncture and culture in the diagnosis of acute rhinosinusitis: the case for pursuing alternative culture methods","volume":"127","author":"Benninger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.73.3.306","article-title":"Maxillary sinus radiographs in children with nonrespiratory complaints","volume":"73","author":"Kovatch","year":"1984","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.118.1.176","article-title":"Roentgen evaluation of the paranasal sinuses in children","volume":"118","author":"Shopfner","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-198705000-00011","article-title":"Prevalence of incidental paranasal sinuses opacification in pediatric patients: a CT study","volume":"11","author":"Diament","year":"1987","journal-title":"J\u00a0Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199401063300105","article-title":"Computed tomographic study of the common cold","volume":"330","author":"Gwaltney","year":"1994","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e586","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.5.e586","article-title":"Paranasal sinus findings in children during respiratory infection evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"111","author":"Kristo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2003.tb00465.x","article-title":"Cross-sectional survey of paranasal sinus magnetic resonance imaging findings in schoolchildren","volume":"92","author":"Kristo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.09.048","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of sinusitis: a practice parameter update","volume":"116","author":"Slavin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1177\/014556130208100911","article-title":"Intracranial complications of sinusitis: a 15-year review of 39 cases","volume":"81","author":"Younis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.04.001","article-title":"Imaging studies for head and neck infections","volume":"21","author":"Hurley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1385\/CRIAI:30:3:165","article-title":"Imaging of rhinosinusitis and its complications: plain film, CT, and MRI","volume":"30","author":"Mafee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib43","first-page":"464","article-title":"Diagnostic aspects of isolated sphenoid sinusitis","volume":"40","author":"Sievers","year":"1992","journal-title":"HNO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200202000-00005","article-title":"The role of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with sinusitis with complications","volume":"112","author":"Younis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215107000102","article-title":"Failure of contrast enhanced computed tomography scans to identify an orbital abscess. The benefit of magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"122","author":"McIntosh","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2003.12.010","article-title":"Simultaneous intracranial and orbital complications of acute rhinosinusitis in children","volume":"68","author":"Herrmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e461","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2501","article-title":"Sinogenic intracranial empyema in children","volume":"116","author":"Adame","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib48","first-page":"1","article-title":"ACR appropriateness criteria\u2014sinusitis. Expert Panel on Pediatric Imaging","author":"Karmazyn","year":"2009","journal-title":"American College of Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir1043","article-title":"IDSA practical guidelines for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in children and adults\u2014a GRADE approach to recommendations","volume":"54","author":"Chow","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/65139094","article-title":"Conventional sinus radiography compared with CT in the diagnosis of acute sinusitis","volume":"32","author":"Aalokken","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4382","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00971-07","article-title":"National and regional assessment of antimicrobial resistance among community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens identified in a 2005-2006 U.S. Faropenem surveillance study","volume":"51","author":"Critchley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.3.1152","article-title":"The relationship between the volume of antimicrobial consumption in human communities and the frequency of resistance","volume":"96","author":"Austin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U\u00a0S\u00a0A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7219.1239","article-title":"Antibiotic prescribing and antibiotic resistance in community practice: retrospective study, 1996-8","volume":"319","author":"Magee","year":"1999","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib54","first-page":"1","article-title":"Medical management of bacterial sinusitis. Recommendation of Clinical Advisory Committee on Pediatric and Adult Sinusitis","volume":"182","author":"Brook","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib55","unstructured":"Agency for Health Care Research and Quality. Update on acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. Evidence Report\/Technology Assessment: Number 124, Contract No. 290-02-0022. 2005. 1\u20137. Available at: http:\/\/www.ahrq.gov\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.3.798","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline: management of sinusitis","volume":"108","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2003.12.003","article-title":"Antimicrobial treatment guidelines for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis","volume":"130","author":"Anon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-134-6-200103200-00017","article-title":"Principles of appropriate antibiotic use for acute rhinosinusitis in adults: background","volume":"134","author":"Hickner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-134-6-200103200-00016","article-title":"Principles of appropriate antibiotic use for acute sinusitis in adults","volume":"134","author":"Snow","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib60","series-title":"Healthcare guidelines: diagnosis and treatment of respiratory illness in children and adults","author":"Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement (ICSI)","year":"2008"},{"issue":"Suppl A","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(01)90023-X","article-title":"The hidden impact of antibacterial resistance in respiratory tract infection. Re-evaluating current antibiotic therapy","volume":"95","author":"Craig","year":"2001","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.4.619","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized, placebo-controlled trial of antimicrobial treatment for children with clinically diagnosed acute sinusitis","volume":"107","author":"Garbutt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.77.6.795","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium in acute paranasal sinus infections in children: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"77","author":"Wald","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2902","article-title":"Effectiveness of amoxicillin\/clavulanate potassium in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis in children","volume":"124","author":"Wald","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn538","article-title":"Susceptibilities of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, including serotype 19A, and Moraxella catarrhalis paediatric isolates from 2005 to 2007 to commonly used antibiotics","volume":"63","author":"Harrison","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.6.5.619","article-title":"Antimicrobial-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: trends and management","volume":"6","author":"Jacobs","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1202938","article-title":"Streptococcus pneumoniae: epidemiology, risk factors, and strategies for prevention","volume":"30","author":"Lynch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib68","first-page":"1353","article-title":"Effects of new penicillin susceptibility breakpoints for Streptococcus pneumoniae\u2014United States, 2006\u20132007","volume":"57","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2008","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3810\/pgm.2008.09.suppl52.279","article-title":"Tracking resistance among bacterial respiratory tract pathogens: summary of findings of the TRUST Surveillance Initiative, 2001\u20132005","volume":"120","author":"Sahm","year":"2008","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2006.12.014","article-title":"Review of the spectrum and potency of orally administered cephalosporins and amoxicillin\/clavulanate","volume":"57","author":"Sader","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib71","first-page":"175","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro activity of oral cephalosporins against pediatric isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae non-susceptible to penicillin, amoxicillin or erythromycin","volume":"20","author":"Fenoll","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-007-0402-5","article-title":"Influence of penicillin\/amoxicillin non-susceptibility on the activity of third-generation cephalosporins against Streptococcus pneumoniae","volume":"27","author":"Fenoll","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2853","DOI":"10.1185\/03007990802381505","article-title":"Surveillance study of the susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae to various antibacterial agents in Europe and Canada","volume":"24","author":"Jansen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3039","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00422-06","article-title":"Isolates with low-level vancomycin resistance associated with persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia","volume":"50","author":"Howden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.3928\/0090-4481-19981201-08","article-title":"Sinusitis","volume":"27","author":"Wald","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatr Ann"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200009000-00037","article-title":"Short course antibiotic therapy for respiratory infections: a review of the evidence","volume":"19","author":"Pichichero","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2008.01.010","article-title":"Use of pharmacodynamic endpoints for the evaluation of levofloxacin for the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis","volume":"61","author":"Ambrose","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1086\/420739","article-title":"Use of pharmacodynamic end points in the evaluation of gatifloxacin for the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis","volume":"38","author":"Ambrose","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2006.10.019","article-title":"Serial sinus aspirate samples during high-dose, short-course levofloxacin treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis","volume":"57","author":"Anon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6815-6-8","article-title":"Eradication of common pathogens at days 2, 3 and 4 of moxifloxacin therapy in patients with acute bacterial sinusitis","volume":"6","author":"Ariza","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Ear Nose Throat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949910800704","article-title":"Resistance to antimicrobials used for therapy of otitis media and sinusitis: effect of previous antimicrobial therapy and smoking","volume":"108","author":"Brook","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib82","first-page":"1697","article-title":"Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in adults: part II. Treatment","volume":"70","author":"Scheid","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2005.10.010","article-title":"Endoscopically directed middle meatal cultures versus maxillary sinus taps in acute bacterial maxillary rhinosinusitis: a meta-analysis","volume":"134","author":"Benninger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib84","first-page":"251","article-title":"Adjuvant therapies in the treatment of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"20","author":"Scarupa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1159\/000276754","article-title":"Correlations between subjective sensation of nasal patency and rhinomanometry in both unilateral and total nasal assessment","volume":"57","author":"Sipila","year":"1995","journal-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200202000-00022","article-title":"The effects of topical agents of fluticasone propionate, oxymetazoline, and 3% and 0.9% sodium chloride solutions on mucociliary clearance in the therapy of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in\u00a0vivo","volume":"112","author":"Inanli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1177\/000992289603500905","article-title":"A\u00a0double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of decongestant-antihistamine for the treatment of sinusitis in children","volume":"35","author":"McCormick","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489409124326","article-title":"The efficacy of oxymetazoline administered with a nasal bellows container and combined with oral phenoxymethyl-penicillin in the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis","volume":"515","author":"Wiklund","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949610500309","article-title":"Effect of oxymetazoline nose drops on acute sinusitis in the rabbit","volume":"105","author":"Bende","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200007000-00023","article-title":"Clinical study and literature review of nasal irrigation","volume":"110","author":"Tomooka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2009.09.001","article-title":"Efficacy of nasal irrigation in the treatment of acute sinusitis in children","volume":"73","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)63223-1","article-title":"Intranasal budesonide spray as an adjunct to oral antibiotic therapy for acute sinusitis in children","volume":"78","author":"Barlan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-008-0023-9","article-title":"Intranasal corticosteroids in the treatment of acute rhinosinusitis","volume":"8","author":"Meltzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2007.11.003","article-title":"Pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis: a retrospective review","volume":"29","author":"Criddle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2009.01.019","article-title":"Functional endoscopic sinus surgery\u2014a retrospective analysis of 115 children and adolescents with chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"73","author":"Siedek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2009.01.020","article-title":"Microbiology and antimicrobial treatment of orbital and intracranial complications of sinusitis in children and their management","volume":"73","author":"Brook","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-197009000-00007","article-title":"The pathogenesis of orbital complications in acute sinusitis","volume":"80","author":"Chandler","year":"1970","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031395512002040?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031395512002040?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,6]],"date-time":"2022-02-06T08:51:53Z","timestamp":1644137513000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031395512002040"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031395512002040"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3955","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]}}}