{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T03:18:14Z","timestamp":1772767094862,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]],"date-time":"2013-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370044800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,16]],"date-time":"2013-03-16T03:55:21Z","timestamp":1363406121000},"page":"669-688","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Acute Kidney Injury in Children"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"James D.","family":"Fortenberry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew L.","family":"Paden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stuart L.","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3464","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005091007","article-title":"The kidneys in the Bible: what happened?","volume":"16","author":"Ekoynan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib2","first-page":"156","article-title":"Patients are dying of acute renal failure","volume":"30","author":"Kellum","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3365","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2004090740","article-title":"Acute kidney injury, mortality, length of stay, and costs in hospitalized patients","volume":"16","author":"Chertow","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e31816c6ed1","article-title":"Worsening renal function in children hospitalized with decompensated heart failure: evidence for a pediatric cardiorenal syndrome?","volume":"9","author":"Price","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R204","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2872","article-title":"Acute renal failure\u2014definition, outcome measures, animal models, fluid therapy and information technology needs: the Second International Consensus Conference of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) Group","volume":"8","author":"Bellomo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1159\/000280099","article-title":"Modern classification of acute kidney injury","volume":"29","author":"Srisawat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood Purif"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002231","article-title":"Modified RIFLE criteria in critically ill children with acute kidney injury","volume":"71","author":"Akcan-Arikan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.466","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review of RIFLE criteria in children, and its application and association with measures of mortality and morbidity","volume":"81","author":"Slater","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R31","DOI":"10.1186\/cc5713","article-title":"Acute Kidney Injury Network: report of an initiative to improve outcomes in acute kidney injury","volume":"11","author":"Mehta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2011.06.021","article-title":"Congenital heart surgery in infants: effects of acute kidney injury on outcomes","volume":"143","author":"Blinder","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.270","article-title":"A\u00a0small post-operative rise in serum creatinine predicts acute kidney injury in children undergoing cardiac surgery","volume":"76","author":"Zappitelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.05431207","article-title":"Ascertainment and epidemiology of acute kidney injury varies with definition interpretation","volume":"3","author":"Zappitelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Acute Kidney Injury Work Group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury","volume":"2","author":"Kellum","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318228234b","article-title":"Acute kidney injury in patients with acute lung injury: impact of fluid accumulation on classification of acute kidney injury and associated outcomes","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib15","unstructured":"Basu RK, Andrews A, Krawczeski CD, et\u00a0al. Acute kidney injury based on serum creatinine is associated with increased morbidity in children following the arterial switch operation. Pediatr Crit Care Med, in press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002729","article-title":"Biomarkers for the diagnosis and risk stratification of acute kidney injury: a systematic review","volume":"73","author":"Coca","year":"2008","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0b013e32833fdd9a","article-title":"Urinary glutathione S-transferases in the pathogenesis and diagnostic evaluation of acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery: a critical review","volume":"16","author":"McMahon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e328343f4dd","article-title":"Biomarkers for the early detection of acute kidney injury","volume":"23","author":"Devarajan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-9-135","article-title":"Acute kidney injury biomarkers: renal angina and the need for a renal troponin I","volume":"9","author":"Goldstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.07.020","article-title":"Accuracy of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in diagnosis and prognosis in acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Haase","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.08.017","article-title":"Temporal relationship and predictive value of urinary acute kidney injury biomarkers after pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass","volume":"58","author":"Krawczeski","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2004.09.028","article-title":"Pediatric ARF epidemiology at a tertiary care center from 1999 to 2001","volume":"45","author":"Hui-Stickle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.08110910","article-title":"Acute kidney injury and increasing nephrotoxic-medication exposure in noncritically-ill children","volume":"6","author":"Moffett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq375","article-title":"Acute kidney injury in non-critically ill children treated with aminoglycoside antibiotics in a tertiary healthcare centre: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"26","author":"Zappitelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.67121.x","article-title":"Pediatric patients with multi-organ dysfunction syndrome receiving continuous renal replacement therapy","volume":"67","author":"Goldstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03200906","article-title":"Demographic characteristics of pediatric continuous renal replacement therapy: a report of the prospective pediatric continuous renal replacement therapy registry","volume":"2","author":"Symons","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2008.12.017","article-title":"Outcomes of critically ill children requiring continuous renal replacement therapy","volume":"24","author":"Hayes","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000132897.52737.49","article-title":"Fluid overload before continuous hemofiltration and survival in critically ill children: a retrospective analysis","volume":"32","author":"Foland","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e3181fe2e0b","article-title":"An update and review of acute kidney injury in pediatrics","volume":"12","author":"Basu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R146","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10269","article-title":"Acute kidney injury is an independent risk factor for pediatric intensive care unit mortality, longer length of stay and prolonged mechanical ventilation in critically ill children: a two-center retrospective cohort study","volume":"15","author":"Alkarandi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib31","first-page":"2087","article-title":"Serum creatinine as stratified in the RIFLE score for acute kidney injury is associated with mortality and length of stay for children in the pediatric intensive care unit","volume":"35","author":"Schneider","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib32","first-page":"602","article-title":"Epidemiology and diagnosis of acute kidney injury","volume":"71","author":"Zapitelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.05.005","article-title":"Renal supportive therapy for pediatric acute kidney injury in the setting of multiorgan dysfunction syndrome\/sepsis","volume":"28","author":"Brophy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31825ab14f","article-title":"Acute kidney injury is associated with in-hospital mortality in mechanically ventilated children with trauma","volume":"73","author":"Prodhan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e3181d8e348","article-title":"Acute kidney injury and renal replacement therapy independently predict mortality in neonatal and pediatric noncardiac patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"12","author":"Askenazi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000032","article-title":"3-5 year longitudinal follow-up of pediatric patients after acute renal failure","volume":"69","author":"Askenazi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03830907","article-title":"Potential interventions in sepsis-related acute kidney injury","volume":"3","author":"Ronco","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S198","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318168ccd5","article-title":"Pathophysiology of septic acute kidney injury: what do we really know?","volume":"36","author":"Wan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R47","DOI":"10.1186\/cc6863","article-title":"Early acute kidney injury and sepsis: a multicentre evaluation","volume":"12","author":"Bagshaw","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib40","first-page":"153","article-title":"Acute renal failure in children: etiology, treatment and outcome","volume":"17","author":"Shaheen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-005-2038-y","article-title":"Factors associated with mortality in acute renal failure in children","volume":"21","author":"Loza","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e95","DOI":"10.1159\/000142933","article-title":"Septic acute kidney injury: new concepts","volume":"109","author":"Bellomo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nephron Exp Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1594.2003.07289.x","article-title":"Interpreting the mechanisms of continuous renal replacement therapy in sepsis. The peak concentration hypothesis","volume":"27","author":"Ronco","year":"2003","journal-title":"Artif Organs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2878","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318186aa49","article-title":"Intensive plasma exchange increases a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs-13 activity and reverses organ dysfunction in children with thrombocytopenia-associated multiple organ failure","volume":"36","author":"Nguyen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1159\/000102072","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms in sepsis- and cardiopulmonary bypass-associated acute kidney injury","volume":"156","author":"Haase-Fielitz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Contrib Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2003.11.004","article-title":"Cytokine gene polymorphisms and mortality in acute renal failure","volume":"25","author":"Jaber","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R273","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10554","article-title":"Identification of candidate serum biomarkers for severe septic shock-associated kidney injury via microarray","volume":"15","author":"Basu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200207-682OC","article-title":"The epidemiology of severe sepsis in children of the United States","volume":"167","author":"Watson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib49","article-title":"Cardiorenal syndrome: an emerging problem in pediatric critical care","author":"Jefferies","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e318238b43c","article-title":"Predictive power of serum cystatin C to detect kidney injury and pediatric-modified RIFLE class in children undergoing cardiac surgery","volume":"13","author":"Hassinger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01340406","article-title":"Hepatorenal syndrome: pathophysiology and management","volume":"1","author":"Wadei","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib52","series-title":"Current concepts in pediatric critical care","first-page":"71","article-title":"Fluid overload and outcomes in pediatric critical illness","author":"Fortenberry","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.6.1309","article-title":"Outcome in children receiving continuous venovenous hemofiltration","volume":"107","author":"Goldstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-004-1655-1","article-title":"Effect of fluid overload and dose of replacement fluid on survival in hemofiltration","volume":"19","author":"Gillespie","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.10.048","article-title":"Fluid overload and mortality in children receiving continuous renal replacement therapy: The prospective pediatric continuous renal replacement therapy registry","volume":"55","author":"Sutherland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2010.26","article-title":"Fluid overload increases mortality in critically ill children","volume":"6","author":"Ray","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R74","DOI":"10.1186\/cc6916","article-title":"A\u00a0positive fluid balance is associated with a worse outcome in patients with acute renal failure","volume":"12","author":"Payen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.159","article-title":"Fluid accumulation, survival and recovery of kidney function in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury","volume":"76","author":"Bouchard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib59","first-page":"60","article-title":"Loop diuretics in the management of acute renal failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Bagshaw","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit Care Resusc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200007203430304","article-title":"Prevention of radiographic-contrast-agent-induced reductions in renal function by acetylcysteine","volume":"343","author":"Tepel","year":"2000","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.038943","article-title":"Acetylcysteine for prevention of renal outcomes in patients undergoing coronary and peripheral vascular angiography: main results from the randomized Acetylcysteine for Contrast-induced nephropathy Trial (ACT)","volume":"124","author":"ACT Investigators","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-142-7-200504050-00010","article-title":"Meta-analysis: low-dose dopamine increases urine output but does not prevent renal dysfunction or death","volume":"142","author":"Friedrich","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-008-1367-2","article-title":"Cooperative Antimicrobial Therapy of Septic Shock (CATSS) Database Research Group. Acute kidney injury in septic shock: clinical outcomes and impact of duration of hypotension prior to initiation of antimicrobial therapy","volume":"35","author":"Bagshaw","year":"2009","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R160","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10295","article-title":"High-dose fenoldopam reduces postoperative neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocaline and cystatin C levels in pediatric cardiac surgery","volume":"15","author":"Ricci","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10296","article-title":"A\u00a0novel use for novel acute kidney injury biomarkers: fenoldopam's effect on neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and cystatin C","volume":"15","author":"Goldstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011300","article-title":"Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients","volume":"345","author":"Van den Berghe","year":"2001","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021478","article-title":"Intensive insulin therapy exerts anti-inflammatory effects in critically ill patients and counteracts the adverse effect of low mannose-binding lectin levels","volume":"88","author":"Hansen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0130fje","article-title":"High glucose-induced oxidative stress causes apoptosis in proximal tubular epithelial cells and is mediated by multiple caspases","volume":"17","author":"Allen","year":"2003","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa052521","article-title":"Intensive insulin therapy in the medical ICU","volume":"354","author":"Van den Berghe","year":"2006","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810625","article-title":"Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients","volume":"360","author":"NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators","year":"2009","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60044-1","article-title":"Intensive insulin therapy for patients in paediatric intensive care: a prospective, randomized controlled study","volume":"373","author":"Vlasselaers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1206044","article-title":"Tight glycemic control versus standard care after pediatric cardiac surgery","volume":"367","author":"Agus","year":"2012","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-011-2080-x","article-title":"Continuous renal replacement therapy in children","volume":"27","author":"Sutherland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-139X.2011.00834.x","article-title":"Advances in pediatric renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury","volume":"24","author":"Goldstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Dial"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199304000-00011","article-title":"Continuous veno-venous hemofiltration with dialysis removes cytokines from the circulation of septic patients","volume":"21","author":"Bellomo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1159\/000329399","article-title":"Does renal replacement therapy improve outcome? Controversies in acute kidney injury","volume":"174","author":"Murray","year":"2011","journal-title":"Contrib Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib77","first-page":"1627","article-title":"Intensity of continuous renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients","volume":"361","author":"Palevsky","year":"2008","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1177\/039139880402700104","article-title":"The prospective pediatric continuous renal replacement therapy registry: design, development and data assessed","volume":"27","author":"Goldstein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Artif Organs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02430-2","article-title":"Effects of different doses in continuous veno-venous haemofiltration on outcomes of acute renal failure: a prospective randomised trial","volume":"356","author":"Ronco","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007111173","article-title":"Standard versus high-dose CVVHDF for ICU-related acute renal failure","volume":"19","author":"Talwani","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0902413","article-title":"Intensity of continuous renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients","volume":"361","author":"Bellomo","year":"2009","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh817","article-title":"Multi-centre evaluation of anticoagulation in patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)","volume":"20","author":"Brophy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-001-0791-0","article-title":"Pediatric hemofiltration: normocarb dialysate solution with citrate anticoagulation","volume":"17","author":"Bunchman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199108083250604","article-title":"Comparison of plasma exchange with plasma infusion in the treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"325","author":"Rock","year":"1991","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1053\/j.spid.2006.04.005","article-title":"Extracorporeal therapies in the treatment of sepsis: experience and promise","volume":"17","author":"Fortenberry","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib86","first-page":"A30","article-title":"Organ dysfunction and experience with plasma exchange in children with thrombocytopenia-associated multiple organ failure (TAMOF): findings of the prospective Children\u2019s TAMOF Network","volume":"38","author":"Fortenberry","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib87","first-page":"573","article-title":"Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation affects renal function","volume":"95","author":"Roy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib88","first-page":"557","article-title":"Renal insufficiency and volume overload in neonatal ECMO managed by continuous ultrafiltration","volume":"33","author":"Heiss","year":"1987","journal-title":"Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(87)80107-0","article-title":"Experience with renal failure during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: treatment with continuous hemofiltration","volume":"22","author":"Sell","year":"1987","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(94)70340-X","article-title":"Complications of neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Collective experience from the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization","volume":"107","author":"Zwischenberger","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200002000-00039","article-title":"Venovenous versus venoarterial extracorporeal life support for pediatric respiratory failure: are there differences in survival and acute complications?","volume":"28","author":"Zahraa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e3181e2a596","article-title":"Recovery of renal function and survival after continuous renal replacement therapy during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"12","author":"Paden","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1081\/JDI-120018719","article-title":"Combination of continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRT) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for advanced cardiac patients","volume":"25","author":"Yap","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0b013e31819ca3d0","article-title":"Acute renal failure during extracorporeal support in the pediatric cardiac patient","volume":"55","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"ASAIO J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1080\/08035250500294098","article-title":"Ototoxic drugs and sensorineural hearing loss following severe neonatal respiratory failure","volume":"95","author":"Robertson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200112000-00005","article-title":"Early enteral nutrition in acutely ill patients: a systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Marik","year":"2001","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-008-1200-y","article-title":"Enhanced fluid management with continuous venovenous hemofiltration in pediatric respiratory failure patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support","volume":"34","author":"Hoover","year":"2008","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0b013e3182579218","article-title":"A\u00a0multicenter international survey of renal supportive therapy during ECMO: The Kidney Intervention During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (KIDMO) Group","volume":"58","author":"Fleming","year":"2012","journal-title":"ASAIO J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib99","unstructured":"Extracorporeal Life Support Organization. Guidelines. Available at: http:\/\/www.elsonet.org\/index.php\/resources\/guidelines.html. Accessed November 26, 2012."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(91)90665-G","article-title":"Pulmonary edema and fluid mobilization as determinants of the duration of ECMO support","volume":"26","author":"Kelly","year":"1991","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1097\/00130478-200107000-00009","article-title":"Survival and renal function in pediatric patients following extracorporeal life support with hemofiltration","volume":"2","author":"Meyer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.12731211","article-title":"Renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"7","author":"Askenazi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e428","DOI":"10.1542\/neo.13-7-e428","article-title":"Acute kidney injury in neonates requiring ECMO","volume":"13","author":"Bridges","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neoreviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(98)90590-5","article-title":"Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for nonneonatal pulmonary and multiple-organ failure","volume":"33","author":"Weber","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib105","first-page":"808","article-title":"Accuracy of intravenous infusion pumps in continuous renal replacement therapies","volume":"38","author":"Jenkins","year":"1992","journal-title":"ASAIO J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35002","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2952818","article-title":"Assessment of current continuous hemofiltration systems and development of a novel accurate fluid management system for use in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"2","author":"Sucosky","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Device"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.383","article-title":"The use of continuous renal replacement therapy in series with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"76","author":"Santiago","year":"2009","journal-title":"Kidney Int"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031395513000205?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031395513000205?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T23:46:21Z","timestamp":1595547981000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031395513000205"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031395513000205"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.02.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3955","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]}}}