{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T15:02:49Z","timestamp":1789138969307,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["mdconsult.com","theclinics.com","pediatric.theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,26]],"date-time":"2014-07-26T13:30:40Z","timestamp":1406381440000},"page":"923-935","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Sentinel Injuries"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Hillary W.","family":"Petska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn K.","family":"Sheets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib1","first-page":"598","article-title":"Childhood bruising","volume":"234","author":"Wedgwood","year":"1990","journal-title":"Practitioner"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.153.4.399","article-title":"Bruises in infants and toddlers: those who don\u2019t cruise rarely bruise","volume":"153","author":"Sugar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.2.271","article-title":"Recent skin injuries in normal children","volume":"108","author":"Labb\u00e9","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.3.644","article-title":"When inflicted skin injuries constitute child abuse","volume":"110","author":"Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib5","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Children\u2019s Bureau. Child maltreatment 2012. 2013. Available at: http:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/programs\/cb\/research-data-technology\/statistics-research\/child-maltreatment. Accessed April 21, 2014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib6","first-page":"332","article-title":"Patterns of injury in the battered child syndrome","volume":"13","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"1973","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib7","first-page":"906","article-title":"The cutaneous manifestations of child abuse and neglect","volume":"133","author":"Ellerstein","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.044065","article-title":"Are there patterns of bruising in childhood which are diagnostic or suggestive of abuse? A systematic review","volume":"90","author":"Maguire","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-2780","article-title":"Sentinel injuries in infants evaluated for child physical abuse","volume":"131","author":"Sheets","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-117X(71)80007-0","article-title":"Facial injuries associated with the battered child syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Tate","year":"1971","journal-title":"Br J Oral Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.285.6352.1399","article-title":"Unusual injury? Recent injury in normal children and children with suspected non-accidental injury","volume":"285","author":"Roberton","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(00)00114-9","article-title":"A\u00a0profile of the oro-facial injuries in child physical abuse at a children\u2019s hospital","volume":"24","author":"Naidoo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2005.00661.x","article-title":"Injuries to the head, face, mouth and neck in physical abused children in a community setting","volume":"15","author":"Cairns","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-3632","article-title":"Bruising characteristics discriminating physical child abuse from accidental trauma","volume":"125","author":"Pierce","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.82.3.457","article-title":"Stairway injuries in children","volume":"82","author":"Joffe","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e3181fe9139","article-title":"Characteristics of falls and risk of injury in children younger than 2 years","volume":"26","author":"Haney","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2314","article-title":"Stair-related injuries to young children treated in US emergency departments, 1999-2008","volume":"129","author":"Zielinski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.58.1.75-b","article-title":"Are facial bruises in babies ever accidental?","volume":"58","author":"Mortimer","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.80.4.363","article-title":"The prevalence and distribution of bruising in babies","volume":"80","author":"Carpenter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib20","first-page":"165","article-title":"Bruising in healthy 3-year-old children","volume":"11","author":"Tush","year":"1982","journal-title":"Matern Child Nurs J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.64.2.245","article-title":"Patterns of skin injury in nonaccidental and accidental injury","volume":"64","author":"Pascoe","year":"1979","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199508000-00006","article-title":"Soft-tissue injury as an indication of child abuse","volume":"77","author":"McMahon","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.293.6539.100","article-title":"Patterns of fractures in accidental and non-accidental injury in children: a comparative study","volume":"293","author":"Worlock","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(98)00126-1","article-title":"Bruising in non-accidental head injured children; a retrospective study of the prevalence, distribution and pathological associations in 24 cases","volume":"96","author":"Atwal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.86.5.330","article-title":"A\u00a0scoring system for bruise patterns: a tool for identifying abuse","volume":"86","author":"Dunstan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.90.4.633","article-title":"Patterned abusive bruises of the buttocks and the pinnae","volume":"90","author":"Feldman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.113001","article-title":"Diagnosing abuse: a systematic review of torn frenum and other intra-oral injuries","volume":"92","author":"Maguire","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.34-8-366","article-title":"Nursemaid\u2019s elbow (annular ligament displacement)","volume":"34","author":"Browner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1277","article-title":"Using US data to estimate the incidence of serious physical abuse in children","volume":"129","author":"Leventhal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(85)90013-4","article-title":"Injury variables in child abuse","volume":"9","author":"Johnson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2005.12.008","article-title":"Analysis of caretaker histories in abuse: comparing initial histories with subsequent confessions","volume":"30","author":"Flaherty","year":"2006","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e3180327b55","article-title":"Age-related incidence of publicly reported shaken baby syndrome cases: is crying a trigger for shaking?","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17294","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1121267109","article-title":"Preventing abusive head trauma resulting from a failure of normal interaction between infants and their caregivers","volume":"109","author":"Barr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U\u00a0S\u00a0A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib34","series-title":"Child abuse and neglect: diagnosis, treatment and evidence","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib35","first-page":"58","article-title":"Serial abuse in children who are shaken","volume":"144","author":"Alexander","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.7.621","article-title":"Analysis of missed cases of abusive head trauma","volume":"281","author":"Jenny","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e3181568039","article-title":"Frena tears and abusive head injury: a cautionary tale","volume":"23","author":"Thackeray","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e31818e9f5d","article-title":"Fatal abusive head trauma cases: consequence of medical staff missing milder forms of physical abuse","volume":"24","author":"Oral","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e3181c06217","article-title":"Bruising in infants: those with a bruise may be abused","volume":"25","author":"Pierce","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922812441675","article-title":"Facial bruising as a precursor to abusive head trauma","volume":"52","author":"Petska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pec.0000208180.94166.dd","article-title":"Child abuse fatalities: are we missing opportunities for intervention?","volume":"22","author":"King","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib42","first-page":"e497","article-title":"Abusive head trauma in young children in the Netherlands: evidence for multiple incidents of abuse","volume":"102","author":"Sieswerda-Hoogendoorn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-3647","article-title":"Abusive head trauma: judicial admissions highlight violent and repetitive shaking","volume":"126","author":"Adamsbaum","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(96)00073-7","article-title":"The influence of case and professional variables on identification and reporting of physical abuse: a study with medical students","volume":"20","author":"Warner-Rogers","year":"1996","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.3928\/00904481-20100922-09","article-title":"Bruising in infancy: when is it an emergency?","volume":"39","author":"Livingston","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Ann"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0883","article-title":"Evaluation of suspected child physical abuse","volume":"119","author":"Kellogg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e672","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-2608","article-title":"The utility of follow-up skeletal surveys in child abuse","volume":"131","author":"Harper","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2348","article-title":"Utility of hepatic transaminases to recognize abuse in children","volume":"124","author":"Lindberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e31821d860f","article-title":"Illicit drug exposure in patients evaluated for alleged child abuse and neglect","volume":"27","author":"Oral","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1314","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0195","article-title":"Evaluation for bleeding disorders in suspected child abuse","volume":"131","author":"Anderst","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031395514001217?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031395514001217?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T19:29:53Z","timestamp":1649791793000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031395514001217"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031395514001217"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3955","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sentinel Injuries","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pediatric Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.06.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}