{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:24:19Z","timestamp":1782779059169,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","theclinics.com","pediatric.theclinics.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,18]],"date-time":"2014-09-18T16:54:01Z","timestamp":1411059241000},"page":"1095-1107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Evaluation and Treatment of Developmental Hip Dysplasia in the Newborn and Infant"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Richard M.","family":"Schwend","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian A.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee S.","family":"Segal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib1","first-page":"212","article-title":"Risk factors for developmental dysplasia of the hip: ultrasonographic findings in the neonatal period","volume":"11","author":"Bache","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Orthop B"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-009-0217-2","article-title":"Is ultrasound screening for DDH in babies born breech sufficient?","volume":"4","author":"Imrie","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198404000-00005","article-title":"Recent advances in the prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip in Japan","volume":"184","author":"Yamamuro","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib4","first-page":"47","article-title":"Ultrasound screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip in the neonate: the effect on treatment rate and prevalence of late cases","volume":"94","author":"Rosendahl","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1995","article-title":"Screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip: recommendation statement","volume":"117","author":"US Preventive Services Task Force","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib6","first-page":"933","article-title":"Etiology, pathogenesis and possible prevention of congenital dislocation of the hip","volume":"98","author":"Salter","year":"1968","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.44B2.292","article-title":"Early diagnosis and treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip","volume":"44B","author":"Barlow","year":"1962","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib8","first-page":"59","article-title":"Risk factors for hip osteoarthritis in Lome, Togo","volume":"69","author":"Oniankitan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Trop (Mars)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670710015201","article-title":"Neonatal hip instability and risk of total hip replacement in young adulthood: follow-up of 2,218,596 newborns from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway in the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register","volume":"79","author":"Engesaeter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.4.896","article-title":"Committee on Quality Improvement, Subcommittee on Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip. American Academy of Pediatrics: clinical practice guideline: early detection of developmental dysplasia of the hip","volume":"105","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e31802b70e5","article-title":"A\u00a0reappraisal of the Ortolani examination in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip","volume":"27","author":"Lipton","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1097\/00004694-199703000-00011","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of newborn soft-tissue hip \u201cclicks\u201d with ultrasound","volume":"17","author":"Bond","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198707060-00005","article-title":"Radiographic parameters of the normal infant hip","volume":"7","author":"Scoles","year":"1987","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200209000-00008","article-title":"Natural history of hips with borderline acetabular index and acetabular dysplasia in infants","volume":"22","author":"Mladenov","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2009.04.008","article-title":"American College of Radiology ACR Appropriateness Criteria on developmental dysplasia of the hip\u2014child","volume":"6","author":"Karmazyn","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e318142551e","article-title":"Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America Screening the newborn for developmental dysplasia of the hip: now what do we do?","volume":"27","author":"Schwend","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib17","first-page":"114","article-title":"AIUM practice guideline for the performance of an ultrasound examination for detection and assessment of developmental dysplasia of the hip","volume":"28","author":"American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0911","article-title":"Screening strategies for hip dysplasia: long-term outcome of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"132","author":"Laborie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"364","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199907000-00015","article-title":"Untreated acetabular dysplasia of the hip in the Navajo. A 34 year case series follow-up","author":"Schwend","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"9350","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)12024-1","article-title":"Ultrasonography in the diagnosis and management of developmental hip dysplasia (UK Hip Trial): clinical and economic results of a multicentre randomized controlled trial","volume":"360","author":"Elbourne","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.71B1.2915002","article-title":"Examining infants\u2019 hips \u2013 can it do harm?","volume":"71B","author":"Moore","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199209000-00006","article-title":"Congenital dislocation of the hip and its relation to swaddling used in Turkey","volume":"12","author":"Kutlu","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-007-0333-x","article-title":"Clinical examination versus ultrasonography in detecting developmental dysplasia of the hip","volume":"32","author":"Dogruel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1097","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2083","article-title":"Swaddling: a systematic review","volume":"120","author":"van Sleuwen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.127508","article-title":"Physiologic studies on swaddling: an ancient child care practice, which may promote the supine position for infant sleep","volume":"141","author":"Gerard","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1618","article-title":"Does swaddling influence developmental dysplasia of the hip?","volume":"121","author":"Mahan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922811420714","article-title":"Swaddling: will it get babies onto their backs for sleep?","volume":"51","author":"Oden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00720","article-title":"Does swaddling influence developmental dysplasia of the hip","volume":"94","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib29","unstructured":"International Hip Dysplasia Institute (Online resources). Available at: http:\/\/hipdysplasia.org. Accessed on July 1, 2014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib30","unstructured":"American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (Online resources). Available at: http:\/\/orthoinfo.aaos.org\/topic.cfm?topic=A00347. Accessed on July 1, 2014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib31","unstructured":"Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (Online resources). Available at: http:\/\/posna.org\/. Accessed on July 1, 2014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0299","article-title":"Safe swaddling and healthy hips: don't toss the baby out with the bathwater","volume":"121","author":"Karp","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.73B2.2005142","article-title":"Neonatal hip stability and the Barlow test","volume":"73B","author":"Jones","year":"1991","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib34","first-page":"1669","article-title":"Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care, 2001 update: screening and management of developmental dysplasia of the hip in newborns","volume":"164","author":"Patel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e557","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1597","article-title":"Screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip: a systematic literature review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force","volume":"117","author":"Shipman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib36","unstructured":"Schwend MR, Schooley A. The ship rock developmental dysplasia of the hip screening project. 37th Annual Carrie Tingley Winter Seminar. University of New Mexico. Albuquerque (New Mexico), February 2, 2007."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00122","article-title":"To screen or not to screen? A decision analysis of the utility of screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip","volume":"91","author":"Mahan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.78B4.0780631","article-title":"Avascular necrosis and the Pavlik harness. The incidence of avascular necrosis in three types of congenital dislocation of the hip as classified by ultrasound","volume":"78","author":"Suzuki","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.01210","article-title":"Femoral nerve palsy in Pavlik harness treatment for developmental dysplasia of the hip","volume":"93","author":"Murnaghan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.74B5.1527118","article-title":"Inferior (obturator) dislocation of the hip in neonates. A complication of treatment by the Pavlik harness","volume":"74","author":"Rombouts","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181b2f200","article-title":"Predictive factors for unsuccessful treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip by the Pavlik harness","volume":"29","author":"Kitoh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163080-00005","article-title":"Pitfalls in the use of the Pavlik harness for treatment of congenital dysplasia, subluxation, and dislocation of the hip","volume":"63","author":"Mubarak","year":"1981","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3182471aad","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of open reduction surgery for developmental dislocation of the hip","volume":"32","author":"Holman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008_bib44","series-title":"Functional and radiographic results of surgical treatment of patients with neglected developmental dysplasia of the hip","author":"Casta\u00f1eda","year":"2008"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031395514001461?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031395514001461?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,17]],"date-time":"2022-04-17T10:21:01Z","timestamp":1650190861000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031395514001461"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031395514001461"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3955","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evaluation and Treatment of Developmental Hip Dysplasia in the Newborn and Infant","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pediatric Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.08.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}