{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T04:04:59Z","timestamp":1789704299176,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Frederick and Margaret L. Weyerhaeuser Foundation"},{"name":"Jayden de Luca Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL114753"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL114753"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01HL121518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01HL121518"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NCATS Colorado","award":["UL1 TR002535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR002535"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T02:44:13Z","timestamp":1599014653000},"page":"903-921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Pediatric Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Benjamin S.","family":"Frank","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Dunbar","family":"Ivy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-115-5-343","article-title":"Survival in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Results from a national prospective registry","volume":"115","author":"D'Alonzo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.4103\/2045-8932.83456","article-title":"A\u00a0consensus approach to the classification of pediatric pulmonary hypertensive vascular disease: Report from the PVRI Pediatric Taskforce, Panama 2011","volume":"1","author":"Cerro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"issue":"25 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.10.028","article-title":"Pediatric pulmonary hypertension","volume":"62","author":"Ivy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"25 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.10.031","article-title":"Updated treatment algorithm of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"62","author":"Galie","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib5","first-page":"26","volume":"12","author":"Galie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1946.02870460017005","article-title":"Anastomosis of the aorta to a pulmonary artery; certain types in congenital heart disease","volume":"132","author":"Potts","year":"1946","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801913","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01913-2018","article-title":"Haemodynamic definitions and updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"53","author":"Simonneau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"25 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.10.029","article-title":"Updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"62","author":"Simonneau","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1086\/687764","article-title":"Clinical classification in pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease","volume":"6","author":"Zijlstra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2009.182378","article-title":"Childhood idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: a national cohort study","volume":"96","author":"Moledina","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.969584","article-title":"Pediatric pulmonary hypertension in the Netherlands: epidemiology and characterization during the period 1991 to 2005","volume":"124","author":"van Loon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201406-1052OC","article-title":"Assessing pulmonary hypertensive vascular disease in childhood: data from the Spanish registry","volume":"190","author":"Cerro Marin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1086\/681226","article-title":"Trends in pediatric pulmonary hypertension-related hospitalizations in the United States from 2000-2009","volume":"5","author":"Frank","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3834","article-title":"Trends in hospitalization for pediatric pulmonary hypertension","volume":"136","author":"Maxwell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-019-0242-x","article-title":"Molecular genetic framework underlying pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"17","author":"Southgate","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2008.150086","article-title":"Treatment and survival in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension: the UK Pulmonary Hypertension Service for Children 2001-2006","volume":"95","author":"Haworth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"9815","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61621-8","article-title":"Clinical features of paediatric pulmonary hypertension: a registry study","volume":"379","author":"Berger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201608-1576OC","article-title":"Physical activity in pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension measured by accelerometry. a candidate clinical endpoint","volume":"196","author":"Zijlstra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000329","article-title":"Pediatric pulmonary hypertension: guidelines from the American Heart Association and American Thoracic Society","volume":"132","author":"Abman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2014.00124","article-title":"Echocardiography in pediatric pulmonary hypertension","volume":"2","author":"Jone","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.74.3.484","article-title":"Continuous-wave Doppler echocardiographic detection of pulmonary regurgitation and its application to noninvasive estimation of pulmonary artery pressure","volume":"74","author":"Masuyama","year":"1986","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2009.03.026","article-title":"Right ventricular function in infants, children and adolescents: reference values of the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) in 640 healthy patients and calculation of z score values","volume":"22","author":"Koestenberger","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib23","first-page":"899","article-title":"Normal pediatric values of the subcostal tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (S-TAPSE) and its value in pediatric pulmonary hypertension","volume":"35","author":"Kurath-Koller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jex205","article-title":"3D echocardiographic evaluation of right ventricular function and strain: a prognostic study in paediatric pulmonary hypertension","volume":"19","author":"Jone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1111\/chd.12337","article-title":"Three-dimensional echocardiography of right ventricular function correlates with severity of pediatric pulmonary hypertension","volume":"11","author":"Jone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Congenit Heart Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00030414","article-title":"Identification of treatment goals in paediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"44","author":"Ploegstra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.12.052","article-title":"Six-minute walk test in children and adolescents","volume":"150","author":"Geiger","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.123653","article-title":"The 6-minute walk test: normal values for children of 4-11 years of age","volume":"93","author":"Lammers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21125","article-title":"Does the 6-min walk test correlate with the exercise stress test in children?","volume":"45","author":"Lesser","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr pulmonology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200607-883OC","article-title":"Standard reference for the six-minute-walk test in healthy children aged 7 to 16 years","volume":"176","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.02.023","article-title":"Outcome of pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension in the era of new medical therapies","volume":"106","author":"van Loon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.08.155","article-title":"Six-minute walking distance and decrease in oxygen saturation during the six-minute walk test in pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"202","author":"Douwes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s002469900399","article-title":"Exercise testing in children with primary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"20","author":"Garofano","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.10.056","article-title":"Utility of cardiopulmonary stress testing in assessing disease severity in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"95","author":"Yetman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.10.012","article-title":"Ventilatory efficiency slope correlates with functional capacity, outcomes, and disease severity in pediatric patients with pulmonary hypertension","volume":"169","author":"Rausch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.8.865","article-title":"Plasma brain natriuretic peptide as a prognostic indicator in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"102","author":"Nagaya","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-0187","article-title":"Brain natriuretic peptide levels in managing pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"135","author":"Bernus","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2008.03.009","article-title":"Prognostic value of B-type natriuretic peptide in children with pulmonary hypertension","volume":"135","author":"Lammers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e318163a2e7","article-title":"Biological serum markers in the management of pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"63","author":"Van Albada","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000255732.16057.1c","article-title":"Perioperative complications in children with pulmonary hypertension undergoing noncardiac surgery or cardiac catheterization","volume":"104","author":"Carmosino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2008.02419.x","article-title":"Anesthetic management of children with pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"18","author":"Friesen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00140112","article-title":"Diagnostic evaluation of paediatric pulmonary hypertension in current clinical practice","volume":"42","author":"Beghetti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.087","article-title":"Haemodynamic characterisation and heart catheterisation complications in children with pulmonary hypertension: Insights from the Global TOPP Registry (tracking outcomes and practice in paediatric pulmonary hypertension)","volume":"203","author":"Beghetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1086\/685102","article-title":"Cardiac catheterization in children with pulmonary hypertensive vascular disease: consensus statement from the Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute, Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease Task Forces","volume":"6","author":"Del Cerro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.9.1197","article-title":"Vasodilator therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension in children","volume":"99","author":"Barst","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2006.01681.x","article-title":"Current treatment options in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension and experiences with oral bosentan","volume":"36","author":"Beghetti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.2165\/00151829-200605020-00005","article-title":"Pulmonary arterial hypertension: a comprehensive review of pharmacological treatment","volume":"5","author":"Rosenzweig","year":"2006","journal-title":"Treat Respir Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3105","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.488486","article-title":"Long-term response to calcium channel blockers in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"111","author":"Sitbon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3137","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr282","article-title":"Acute pulmonary vasodilator response in paediatric and adult pulmonary arterial hypertension: occurrence and prognostic value when comparing three response criteria","volume":"32","author":"Douwes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.026591","article-title":"Survival in childhood pulmonary arterial hypertension: insights from the registry to evaluate early and long-term pulmonary arterial hypertension disease management","volume":"125","author":"Barst","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.01.015","article-title":"Acute vasodilator response in pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension: current clinical practice from the TOPP registry","volume":"67","author":"Douwes","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.12.004","article-title":"Acute vasoreactivity testing during cardiac catheterization of neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia-associated pulmonary hypertension","volume":"208","author":"Frank","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801916","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01916-2018","article-title":"Paediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension: updates on definition, classification, diagnostics and management","volume":"53","author":"Rosenzweig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.08.078","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in adults with congenital heart disease: Updated recommendations from the Cologne Consensus Conference 2018","volume":"272S","author":"Kaemmerer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.09.067","article-title":"Sildenafil use in children with pulmonary hypertension","volume":"205","author":"Cohen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.03.020","article-title":"The prevalence of pulmonary arterial hypertension before and after atrial septal defect closure at adult age: a systematic review","volume":"201","author":"Zwijnenburg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.21693\/1933-088X-18.1.10","article-title":"Challenges in the patient with pulmonary hypertension and atrial septal defect: understanding when and how to close the defect","volume":"18","author":"Mullen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Pulm Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2018.00342","article-title":"Atrial septal defects accelerate pulmonary hypertension diagnoses in premature infants","volume":"6","author":"Vyas-Read","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.21693\/1933-088X-18.1.4","article-title":"Atrial septal defect-associated pulmonary hypertension: outcomes of closure with a fenestrated device","volume":"18","author":"Kaley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Pulm Hypertens"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.88.5.2117","article-title":"Thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin biosynthesis in children and adolescents with pulmonary vascular disease","volume":"88","author":"Adatia","year":"1993","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199207093270202","article-title":"An imbalance between the excretion of thromboxane and prostacyclin metabolites in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"327","author":"Christman","year":"1992","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.6.9804054","article-title":"Prostacyclin synthase expression is decreased in lungs from patients with severe pulmonary hypertension","volume":"159","author":"Tuder","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.02.575","article-title":"Survival differences in pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension: clues to a better understanding of outcome and optimal treatment strategies","volume":"63","author":"Zijlstra","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2003.12.031","article-title":"Weaning and discontinuation of epoprostenol in children with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension receiving concomitant bosentan","volume":"93","author":"Ivy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2006.096412","article-title":"Epoprostenol treatment in children with severe pulmonary hypertension","volume":"93","author":"Lammers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2013.01.1055","article-title":"Children with pulmonary arterial hypertension and prostanoid therapy: long-term hemodynamics","volume":"32","author":"Siehr","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Heart Lung Transplant"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000138104.83366.E9","article-title":"Outcomes in children with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"110","author":"Yung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00044406","article-title":"Long-term outcome in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients treated with subcutaneous treprostinil","volume":"28","author":"Barst","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200505-766OC","article-title":"Transition from intravenous epoprostenol to intravenous treprostinil in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"172","author":"Gomberg-Maitland","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2006.09.119","article-title":"Transition of stable pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension from intravenous epoprostenol to intravenous treprostinil","volume":"99","author":"Ivy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"160","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2008.01811.x","article-title":"Guidelines for the prevention of central venous catheter-related blood stream infections with prostanoid therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension","author":"Doran","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract Suppl"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e274","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-2330","article-title":"Subcutaneous treprostinil for pulmonary hypertension in chronic lung disease of infancy","volume":"134","author":"Ferdman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.07.037","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of inhaled treprostinil for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension in children","volume":"110","author":"Krishnan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.124388","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of oral treprostinil monotherapy for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"127","author":"Jing","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-2875","article-title":"Oral treprostinil for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients receiving background endothelin receptor antagonist and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor therapy (the FREEDOM-C2 study): a randomized controlled trial","volume":"144","author":"Tapson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-16-1348","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of an orally administered selective prostacyclin receptor agonist, selexipag, in Japanese patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"81","author":"Tanabe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2045894019856471","article-title":"Oral treprostinil in transition or as add-on therapy in pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"9","author":"Ivy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2045894019862138","article-title":"Oral treprostinil use in children: a multicenter, observational experience","volume":"9","author":"Kanaan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-017-1677-7","article-title":"Single-center experience using selexipag in a pediatric population","volume":"38","author":"Gallotti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1375","article-title":"Selexipag treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease after defect correction: insights from the randomised controlled GRIPHON study","volume":"21","author":"Beghetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012212","article-title":"Bosentan therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"346","author":"Rubin","year":"2002","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"13-14","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2012.03.026","article-title":"Endothelin and endothelin receptors in the renal and cardiovascular systems","volume":"91","author":"Vignon-Zellweger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3010","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.742510","article-title":"Ambrisentan for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: results of the ambrisentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, efficacy (ARIES) study 1 and 2","volume":"117","author":"Galie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9236(03)00005-5","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of bosentan in pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"73","author":"Barst","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.2174\/157016109787455653","article-title":"Bosentan in pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"7","author":"Beghetti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Vasc Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00053510","article-title":"Long-term efficacy of bosentan in treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension in children","volume":"38","author":"Hislop","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2005.072314","article-title":"Response to bosentan in children with pulmonary hypertension","volume":"92","author":"Maiya","year":"2006","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.01.066","article-title":"Effects of long-term bosentan in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"46","author":"Rosenzweig","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13267","article-title":"A\u00a0bosentan pharmacokinetic study to investigate dosing regimens in paediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: FUTURE-3","volume":"83","author":"Berger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1213917","article-title":"Macitentan and morbidity and mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"369","author":"Pulido","year":"2013","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.12.051","article-title":"Ambrisentan for pulmonary arterial hypertension due to congenital heart disease","volume":"107","author":"Zuckerman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22555","article-title":"Clinical safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of ambrisentan therapy in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"48","author":"Takatsuki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib93","first-page":"L931","article-title":"Chronic pulmonary hypertension increases fetal lung cGMP phosphodiesterase activity","volume":"275","author":"Hanson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050010","article-title":"Sildenafil citrate therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"353","author":"Galie","year":"2005","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3274","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.473371","article-title":"Beneficial effect of oral sildenafil therapy on childhood pulmonary arterial hypertension: twelve-month clinical trial of a single-drug, open-label, pilot study","volume":"111","author":"Humpl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp110034","article-title":"Stability of an extemporaneously prepared tadalafil suspension","volume":"69","author":"Pettit","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1517\/14656560903413542","article-title":"Tadalafil for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"11","author":"Rosenzweig","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-012-0180-4","article-title":"Initial experience with tadalafil in pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"33","author":"Takatsuki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2004.09.002","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of sildenafil therapy in children with pulmonary hypertension","volume":"100","author":"Karatza","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.09.021","article-title":"Effects of long-term sildenafil treatment for pulmonary hypertension in infants with chronic lung disease","volume":"154","author":"Mourani","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.016667","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study of oral sildenafil citrate in treatment-naive children with pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"125","author":"Barst","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005698","article-title":"STARTS-2: long-term survival with oral sildenafil monotherapy in treatment-naive pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"129","author":"Barst","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.2011.565048","article-title":"Riociguat for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"20","author":"Schermuly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1209657","article-title":"Riociguat for the treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension","volume":"369","author":"Ghofrani","year":"2013","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-307832","article-title":"Riociguat for pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease","volume":"101","author":"Rosenkranz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2045893217743123","article-title":"First-in-child use of the oral soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator riociguat in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"8","author":"Spreemann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(05)70121-8","article-title":"Recent advances in the treatment of pediatric pulmonary artery hypertension","volume":"46","author":"Barst","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02043-2015","article-title":"Initial dual oral combination therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"47","author":"Sitbon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.004526","article-title":"Anticoagulation and survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension: results from the Comparative, Prospective Registry of Newly Initiated Therapies for Pulmonary Hypertension (COMPERA)","volume":"129","author":"Olsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e42","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2004.036491","article-title":"Fatal pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with phenylpropanolamine exposure","volume":"90","author":"Barst","year":"2004","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2015.01.004","article-title":"Balloon atrial septostomy in pulmonary arterial hypertension: effect on survival and associated outcomes","volume":"34","author":"Chiu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Heart Lung Transplant"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00238-1","article-title":"Graded balloon dilation atrial septostomy in severe primary pulmonary hypertension. A therapeutic alternative for patients nonresponsive to vasodilator treatment","volume":"32","author":"Sandoval","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e105","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezu445","article-title":"Palliative Potts shunt for the treatment of children with drug-refractory pulmonary arterial hypertension: updated data from the first 24 patients","volume":"47","author":"Baruteau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2012.03.099","article-title":"Potts shunt in children with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: long-term results","volume":"94","author":"Baruteau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200402053500623","article-title":"Potts shunt in patients with pulmonary hypertension","volume":"350","author":"Blanc","year":"2004","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.08.068","article-title":"Potts shunt and pediatric pulmonary hypertension: what we have learned","volume":"101","author":"Grady","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2007.07.035","article-title":"Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: tenth official pediatric lung and heart\/lung transplantation report--2007","volume":"26","author":"Aurora","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Heart Lung Transplant"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00064804","article-title":"Paediatric lung transplantation","volume":"24","author":"Mallory","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2008.05.049","article-title":"Long-term outcome of lung and heart-lung transplantation for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"86","author":"Toyoda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.12628","article-title":"Heart-lung vs. double-lung transplantation for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"29","author":"Hill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031395520300651?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031395520300651?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T17:23:44Z","timestamp":1758475424000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031395520300651"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":120,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031395520300651"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3955","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pediatric Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pediatric Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.06.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}