{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T10:36:38Z","timestamp":1788690998740,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]],"date-time":"2020-11-20T21:12:37Z","timestamp":1605906757000},"page":"177-191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Respiratory Complications of Pediatric Neuromuscular Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"John R.","family":"Bach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelson L.","family":"Turcios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198209233071304","article-title":"The respiratory muscles","volume":"307","author":"Roussos","year":"1982","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10487","article-title":"Pulmonary complications of chronic neuromuscular diseases and their management","volume":"29","author":"Perrin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib3","series-title":"Kendig's disorders of the respiratory tract in children","first-page":"1044","article-title":"Chest wall and respiratory muscle disorders","author":"J-Paul","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2018.01.011","article-title":"Pathophysiology of neuromuscular respiratory diseases","volume":"39","author":"Bendit","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.00831","article-title":"Duchenne muscular dystrophy: continuous noninvasive ventilatory support prolongs survival","volume":"56","author":"Bach","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PHM.0000083669.22483.04","article-title":"Prevention of pectus excavatum for children with spinal muscular atrophy type 1","volume":"82","author":"Bach","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib7","unstructured":"Bach JR. Physical medicine and rehabilitation interventions for skeletal and cardiopulmonary muscle dysfunction: In: Bach JR, Chiou M, editors. Volume 1 \u2013 physical and medical concerns, 2020 Ventilamed.com, ISBN 978-1-7336008-1-1"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib8","first-page":"S39","article-title":"The development of cough","volume":"131","author":"Leith","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.110.6.1566","article-title":"Criteria for extubation and tracheostomy tube removal for patients with ventilatory failure: a different approach to weaning","volume":"110","author":"Bach","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.112.4.1024","article-title":"Prevention of pulmonary morbidity for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"112","author":"Bach","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.104.5.1553","article-title":"Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation: comparison of peak expiratory flows with manually assisted and unassisted coughing techniques","volume":"104","author":"Bach","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib12","first-page":"1296","article-title":"Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation for airway mucus clearance","volume":"52","author":"Homnick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.125.4.1406","article-title":"Use of the mechanical in-exsufflator in pediatric patients with neuromuscular disease and impaired cough","volume":"125","author":"Miske","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib14","first-page":"940","article-title":"Effect of intrapulmonary percussive ventilation on mucus clearance in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients: a preliminary report","volume":"48","author":"Toussaint","year":"2003","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.02446","article-title":"High-frequency chest wall compression therapy in neurologically impaired children","volume":"59","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.150.4.7921452","article-title":"Comparison of high frequency chest compression and conventional chest physiotherapy in hospitalized patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"150","author":"Arens","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950110314","article-title":"The long-term effect of high-frequency chest compression therapy on pulmonary complications of cystic fibrosis","volume":"11","author":"Warwick","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib18","first-page":"1176","article-title":"Mucoactive agents for airway mucus hypersecretory diseases","volume":"52","author":"Rogers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2008.02.002","article-title":"Sleep and neuromuscular disorders in children","volume":"13","author":"Alves","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2009.10.003","article-title":"Sleep, sleep disordered breathing, and noc- turnal hypoventilation in children with neuromuscular diseases","volume":"11","author":"Arens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-33029","article-title":"Sleep abnormalities associated with neuromuscular disease: pathophysiology and evaluation","volume":"23","author":"Piper","year":"2002","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcp.0000245704.92311.1e","article-title":"Sleep disorders in neuromuscular diseases","volume":"12","author":"Dhand","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.5.1173","article-title":"Sleep and neuromuscular disease: frequency of sleep-disordered breathing in a neuromuscular disease clinic population","volume":"47","author":"Labanowski","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S222","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2952E","article-title":"Assessment of sleep-disordered breathing in pediatric neuromuscular diseases","volume":"123","author":"Katz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31826edcf1","article-title":"Changing trends in the management of end-stage respiratory muscle failure in neuromuscular disease: current recommendations of an international consensus","volume":"92","author":"Bach","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.97.1.52","article-title":"Management of chronic alveolar hypoventilation by nasal ventilation","volume":"97","author":"Bach","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.91.6.859","article-title":"Mouth intermittent positive pressure ventilation in the management of post-polio respiratory insufficiency","volume":"91","author":"Bach","year":"1987","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib28","first-page":"e5","article-title":"Twenty-four hour noninvasive ventilation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a safe alternative to tracheostomy","volume":"20","author":"McKim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.5.1390","article-title":"Prevention of pulmonary morbidity for patients with neuromuscular disease","volume":"118","author":"Tzeng","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-200206000-00003","article-title":"Duchenne muscular dystrophy: prolongation of life by noninvasive respiratory muscle aids","volume":"81","author":"Gomez-Merino","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.11.043","article-title":"Point: is non-invasive ventilation always the most appropriate manner of long-term ventilation for infants with spinal muscular atrophy type 1? Yes, almost always?","volume":"151","author":"Bach","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib32","article-title":"Continuous noninvasive ventilatory support outcomes for neuromuscular disease: a multicenter collaboration and literature review","author":"Goncalves","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Port Pneumol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00299402","article-title":"An overnight comparison of two ventilators used in the treatment of chronic respiratory failure","volume":"20","author":"Highcock","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.1.84","article-title":"Effect of a nonrebreathing exhalation valve on long-term nasal ventilation using a bilevel device","volume":"122","author":"Hill","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.105.4.1230","article-title":"Update and perspectives on noninvasive respiratory muscle aids: part 1: the inspiratory aids","volume":"105","author":"Bach","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-2144","article-title":"Extubation of unweanable patients with neuromuscular weakness: a new management paradigm","volume":"137","author":"Bach","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.03584","article-title":"Efficacy of mechanical insufflation-exsufflation in extubating unweanable subjects with restrictive pulmonary disorders","volume":"60","author":"Bach","year":"2015","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-1874","article-title":"Decanulation of patients with severe respiratory muscle insufficiency: efficacy of mechanical insufflation-exsufflation","volume":"46","author":"Bach","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rehabil Med"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031395520301280?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031395520301280?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T17:23:36Z","timestamp":1758475416000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031395520301280"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031395520301280"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3955","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Respiratory Complications of Pediatric Neuromuscular Diseases","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pediatric Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.09.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}