{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:40:26Z","timestamp":1791765626559,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T00:55:00Z","timestamp":1631840100000},"page":"1011-1027","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pediatric Rheumatologic Effects of COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Nivine","family":"El-Hor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","article-title":"A\u00a0novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019","volume":"382","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib2","first-page":"157","article-title":"WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic","volume":"91","author":"Cucinotta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2005073","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection in children","volume":"382","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15270","article-title":"Systematic review of COVID-19 in children shows milder cases and a better prognosis than adults","volume":"109","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.1467","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children and adolescents: a systematic review","volume":"174","author":"Castagnoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2021680","article-title":"Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in U.S. children and adolescents","volume":"383","author":"Feldstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10237","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31094-1","article-title":"Hyperinflammatory shock in children during COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"395","author":"Riphagen","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m2094","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m2094","article-title":"Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the covid-19 pandemic in Paris, France: prospective observational study","volume":"369","author":"Toubiana","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib9","series-title":"Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","year":"2020"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20200702","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-0702","article-title":"Epidemiology of COVID-19 Among Children in China","volume":"145","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7798","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7","article-title":"A\u00a0pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin","volume":"579","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.8707","article-title":"Nasal gene expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in children and adults","volume":"323","author":"Bunyavanich","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.09.034","article-title":"Mapping systemic inflammation and antibody responses in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)","volume":"183","author":"Gruber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.048360","article-title":"Acute heart failure in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children in the context of global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic","volume":"142","author":"Belhadjer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2021756","article-title":"Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children in New York State","volume":"383","author":"Dufort","year":"2020","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe2023158","article-title":"Childhood multisystem inflammatory syndrome - a new challenge in the pandemic","volume":"383","author":"Levin","year":"2020","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib17","first-page":"69","article-title":"Multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) following SARS-CoV-2 infection: review of clinical presentation, hypothetical pathogenesis, and proposed management","volume":"7","author":"Nakra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26224","article-title":"Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children related to COVID-19: a New York City experience","volume":"93","author":"Riollano-Cruz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Virol"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001010","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.22.2001010","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2-related paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome, an epidemiological study, France, 1 March to 17 May 2020","volume":"25","author":"Belot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"issue":"10239","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31103-X","article-title":"An outbreak of severe Kawasaki-like disease at the Italian epicentre of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: an observational cohort study","volume":"395","author":"Verdoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.10369","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 58 children with a pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2","volume":"324","author":"Whittaker","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R6","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2590","article-title":"Increased expression of FcgammaRI\/CD64 on circulating monocytes parallels ongoing inflammation and nephritis in lupus","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.06.045","article-title":"Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (MIS-C): a multi-institutional study from New York City","volume":"224","author":"Kaushik","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6932e2","article-title":"COVID-19-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children - United States, March-July 2020","volume":"69","author":"Godfred-Cato","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.06.044","article-title":"Characteristics, cardiac involvement, and outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome of childhood associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection","volume":"224","author":"Capone","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.05.079","article-title":"Gastrointestinal symptoms as a major presentation component of a novel multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children that is related to coronavirus disease 2019: a single center experience of 44 cases","volume":"159","author":"Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ppedcard.2020.101232","article-title":"COVID-19 associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) guidelines; a Western New York approach","author":"Hennon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog Pediatr Cardiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30215-7","article-title":"Intensive care admissions of children with paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) in the UK: a multicentre observational study","volume":"4","author":"Davies","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217960","article-title":"Paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 mimicking Kawasaki disease (Kawa-COVID-19): a multicentre cohort","volume":"79","author":"Pouletty","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20201711","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-1711","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2-induced Kawasaki-like hyperinflammatory syndrome: a novel COVID phenotype in children","volume":"146","author":"Licciardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piaa069","article-title":"Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic: a case series","volume":"9","author":"Chiotos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Infect Dis Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.2183\/pjab.82.59","article-title":"Kawasaki disease","volume":"82","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci"},{"issue":"9433","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16814-1","article-title":"Kawasaki syndrome","volume":"364","author":"Burns","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.14740\/cr993","article-title":"Kawasaki disease: global burden and genetic background","volume":"11","author":"Elakabawi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiol Res"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2891","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.219151","article-title":"Clinical analysis of Kawasaki disease shock syndrome","volume":"130","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2473-8","article-title":"Kawasaki disease: an unexpected etiology of shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Gatterre","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2005.02834.x","article-title":"Clinical uses of intravenous immunoglobulin","volume":"142","author":"Jolles","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(01)00243-0","article-title":"Polyspecific immunoglobulins (IVIg) suppress proliferation of human (auto)antigen-specific T\u00a0cells without inducing apoptosis","volume":"114","author":"Aktas","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)80900-X","article-title":"Effect of high doses of intravenously administered immune globulin on natural killer cell activity in peripheral blood","volume":"120","author":"Finberg","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830250521","article-title":"Selective induction of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and interleukin-8 in human monocytes by normal polyspecific IgG (intravenous immunoglobulin)","volume":"25","author":"Ruiz de Souza","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41454","article-title":"American College of Rheumatology clinical guidance for pediatric patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with SARS-CoV-2 and hyperinflammation in COVID-19. version 2","volume":"72","author":"Henderson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib42","series-title":"Developed by pediatric infectious diseases, critical care, cardiology, rheumatology, and pharmacy providers. Guideline: evaluation and management of COVID-19 multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)","year":"2020"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2018.01.024","article-title":"The use of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) in Kawasaki disease: a retrospective cases series","volume":"17","author":"Kone-Paut","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e42","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000000814","article-title":"Severe late-onset Kawasaki Disease successfully treated with anakinra","volume":"26","author":"Blonz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib45","first-page":"1110","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab for polyarticular-course juvenile idiopathic arthritis in the open-label 2-year extension of a phase 3 trial","volume":"74","author":"Brunner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2246.e3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.058","article-title":"Features of COVID-19 post-infectious cytokine release syndrome in children presenting to the emergency department","volume":"38","author":"Waltuch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-020-1901-z","article-title":"Hyper-inflammatory syndrome in a child with COVID-19 treated successfully with intravenous immunoglobulin and tocilizumab","volume":"57","author":"Balasubramanian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002809","article-title":"Pediatric Crohn disease and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and COVID-19 treated with infliximab","volume":"71","author":"Dolinger","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-021-03935-1","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: clinical manifestations and the role of infliximab treatment","volume":"180","author":"Abdel-Haq","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2492.e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.117","article-title":"Toxic shock-like syndrome and COVID-19: multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)","volume":"38","author":"Greene","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.200334","article-title":"The rheumatologist's role in COVID-19","volume":"47","author":"Cron","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-020-00165-0","article-title":"Rheumatic manifestations of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Ciaffi","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2811","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-020-05310-1","article-title":"Concomitant new diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus and COVID-19 with possible antiphospholipid syndrome. Just a coincidence? A case report and review of intertwining pathophysiology","volume":"39","author":"Mantovani Cardoso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.14215","article-title":"Chilblains in children in the setting of COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"37","author":"Andina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.3521","article-title":"Ten-year-old boy with atypical COVID-19 symptom presentation: a case report","volume":"9","author":"Houshmand","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102573","article-title":"COVID-19 gone bad: a new character in the spectrum of the hyperferritinemic syndrome?","volume":"19","author":"Colafrancesco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.003","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus: epidemiology, pathophysiology, manifestations, and management","volume":"57","author":"Fortuna","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e291","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16526","article-title":"Chilblain-like lesions during COVID-19 epidemic: a preliminary study on 63 patients","volume":"34","author":"Piccolo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.14210","article-title":"Chilblain-like lesions in children following suspected COVID-19 infection","volume":"37","author":"Colonna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib60","first-page":"75","article-title":"A\u00a0new vasculitis at the time of COVID-19","volume":"30","author":"Mazzotta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Pediat Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14937","article-title":"Chilblain-like lesions on feet and hands during the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"59","author":"Landa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.14227","article-title":"Clustered cases of acral perniosis: clinical features, histopathology, and relationship to COVID-19","volume":"37","author":"Cordoro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e764","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16801","article-title":"Concurrent chilblains and retinal vasculitis in a child with COVID-19","volume":"34","author":"Quintana-Castanedo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2020.2062","article-title":"Focus on \u201cCOVID Toes\u201d","volume":"156","author":"Hernandez","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19327","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 endothelial infection causes COVID-19 chilblains: histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of seven paediatric cases","volume":"183","author":"Colmenero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2620","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16682","article-title":"A\u00a0clinical, histopathological and laboratory study of 19 consecutive Italian paediatric patients with chilblain-like lesions: lights and shadows on the relationship with COVID-19 infection","volume":"34","author":"El Hachem","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e365","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16617","article-title":"Histologic features of long-lasting chilblain-like lesions in a paediatric COVID-19 patient","volume":"34","author":"Locatelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.15234","article-title":"High prevalence of cryofibrinogenemia in patients with chilblains during the COVID-19 outbreak","volume":"59","author":"G\u00f3mez-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14312","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.14312","article-title":"Management of pernio-like cutaneous manifestations in children during the outbreak of COVID-19","volume":"33","author":"Gallizzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2020.2340","article-title":"Assessment of acute acral lesions in a case series of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"156","author":"Roca-Gin\u00e9s","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0367-5","article-title":"Understanding SARS-CoV-2-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children","volume":"20","author":"Rowley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031395521000791?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031395521000791?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T17:24:45Z","timestamp":1758475485000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031395521000791"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031395521000791"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3955","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pediatric Rheumatologic Effects of COVID-19","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pediatric Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}