{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:16:07Z","timestamp":1756253767432,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T07:28:01Z","timestamp":1725262081000},"page":"37-52","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Opioid Use Disorder and Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome in Rural Environments"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Kristin","family":"Reese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.24991","article-title":"Neonatal abstinence syndrome and maternal opioid-related diagnoses in the US, 2010-2017","volume":"325","author":"Hirai","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6731a1","article-title":"Opioid use disorder documented at delivery hospitalization \u2014 United States, 1999\u20132014","volume":"67","author":"Haight","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"year":"2013","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5TM","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib3"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.12.021","article-title":"Standardizing the clinical definition of opioid withdrawal in the neonate","volume":"243","author":"Jilani","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6531a2","article-title":"Incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome \u2014 28 states, 1999\u20132013","volume":"65","author":"Ko","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2015.36","article-title":"Increasing incidence and geographic distribution of neonatal abstinence syndrome: United States 2009 to 2012","volume":"35","author":"Patrick","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Perinatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.3750","article-title":"Rural and urban differences in neonatal abstinence syndrome and maternal opioid use, 2004 to 2013","volume":"171","author":"Villapiano","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e81","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002235","article-title":"Committee opinion no. 711: opioid use and opioid use disorder in pregnancy","volume":"130","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2203318","article-title":"Buprenorphine versus methadone for opioid use disorder in pregnancy","volume":"387","author":"Suarez","year":"2022","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2021.1949664","article-title":"Disparities in receipt of medications for opioid use disorder among pregnant women","volume":"43","author":"Henkhaus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Subst Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2022.114992","article-title":"Geographic disparities in access to medication for opioid use disorder across US census tracts based on treatment utilization behavior","volume":"302","author":"Mitchell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.1735","article-title":"Geographic and specialty distribution of US physicians trained to treat opioid use disorder","volume":"13","author":"Rosenblatt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e227028","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.7028","article-title":"Assessment of community-level vulnerability and access to medications for opioid use disorder","volume":"5","author":"Joudrey","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2018.1488336","article-title":"Barriers to accessing treatment for pregnant women with opioid use disorder in Appalachian states","volume":"40","author":"Patrick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Subst Abuse"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2013456","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.13456","article-title":"Association of pregnancy and insurance status with treatment access for opioid use disorder","volume":"3","author":"Patrick","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2008.70","article-title":"Substance abuse treatment linked with prenatal visits improves perinatal outcomes: a new standard","volume":"28","author":"Goler","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Perinatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s13669-016-0168-9","article-title":"Caring for pregnant women with opioid use disorder in the USA: expanding and improving treatment","volume":"5","author":"Saia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Obstet Gynecol Rep"},{"issue":"0","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1080\/15504263.2015.1104484","article-title":"A\u00a0multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of co-occurring opioid use disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder in pregnancy: a case report","volume":"11","author":"Goodman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dual Diagn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib24","series-title":"Database of abstracts of reviews of effects (DARE): quality-assessed reviews [internet]","article-title":"Birth outcomes for infants born to women participating in integrated substance abuse treatment programs: a meta-analytic review","author":"Milligan","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100489","article-title":"Integrated vs nonintegrated treatment for perinatal opioid use disorder: retrospective cohort study","volume":"4","author":"Goodman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.4065\/83.1.66","article-title":"Urine drug screening: practical guide for clinicians","volume":"83","author":"Moeller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.10.004","article-title":"Universal maternal drug testing in a high-prevalence region of prescription opiate abuse","volume":"166","author":"Wexelblatt","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11414-011-9247-x","article-title":"Universal screening for alcohol and drug use and racial disparities in Child Protective Services reporting","volume":"39","author":"Roberts","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Behav Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199004263221706","article-title":"The prevalence of illicit-drug or alcohol use during pregnancy and discrepancies in mandatory reporting in Pinellas County, Florida","volume":"322","author":"Chasnoff","year":"1990","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-029074","article-title":"Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome","volume":"146","author":"Patrick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e179","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2020-005765","article-title":"Toxicology testing in a newborn ICU: does social profiling play a role?","volume":"11","author":"Perlman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hosp Pediatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2023.29256.abm","article-title":"Academy of breastfeeding medicine clinical protocol #21: breastfeeding in the setting of substance use and substance use disorder (revised 2023)","volume":"18","author":"Harris","year":"2023","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3299","article-title":"Prescription opioid epidemic and infant outcomes","volume":"135","author":"Patrick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03120.x","article-title":"Methadone dose and neonatal abstinence syndrome\u2014systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"105","author":"Cleary","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.11.006","article-title":"Neonatal outcomes and their relationship to maternal buprenorphine dose during pregnancy","volume":"134","author":"Jones","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2018-0227","article-title":"Increased severity of neonatal abstinence syndrome associated with concomitant antenatal opioid and benzodiazepine exposure","volume":"9","author":"Sanlorenzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hosp Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e540","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3212","article-title":"Neonatal drug withdrawal","volume":"129","author":"Hudak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.48.2.178","article-title":"Neonatal narcotic addiction: 10 year observation","volume":"48","author":"Zelson","year":"1971","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2017-0077","article-title":"Hospital variation in neonatal abstinence syndrome incidence, treatment modalities, resource use, and costs across pediatric hospitals in the United States, 2013 to 2016","volume":"8","author":"Milliren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hosp Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.10.003","article-title":"Wide variation found in care of opioid-exposed newborns","volume":"17","author":"Bogen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2014.114","article-title":"Variation in treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome in US children\u2019s hospitals, 2004\u20132011","volume":"34","author":"Patrick","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Perinatol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib42","first-page":"141","article-title":"Neonatal abstinence syndrome: assessment and management","volume":"2","author":"Finnegan","year":"1975","journal-title":"Addict Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20163360","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-3360","article-title":"An initiative to improve the quality of care of infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome","volume":"139","author":"Grossman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2017-0128","article-title":"A\u00a0novel approach to assessing infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Grossman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hosp Pediatr"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2214470","article-title":"Eat, Sleep, Console approach or usual care for neonatal opioid withdrawal","volume":"388","author":"Young","year":"2023","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-020-0733-y","article-title":"A\u00a0quality improvement initiative to implement the eat, sleep, console neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome care tool in Massachusetts\u2019 PNQIN collaborative","volume":"40","author":"Wachman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Perinatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib47","first-page":"CD002059","article-title":"Opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants","volume":"2021","author":"Zankl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.2640","article-title":"Neonatal abstinence syndrome: advances in diagnosis and treatment","volume":"319","author":"Wachman","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.5044","article-title":"Pharmacological treatments for neonatal abstinence syndrome","volume":"173","author":"Disher","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-018-0230-8","article-title":"Pharmacologic treatment of infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome in community hospitals compared to academic medical centers","volume":"38","author":"Friedman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Perinatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000748","article-title":"How state perinatal quality collaboratives can improve rural maternity care","volume":"65","author":"Main","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib54","unstructured":"Whalen B., MacMillan K., Flanagan V., et al., NNEPQIN NAS initiative: implementation of eat, sleep, console care tool across a regional neonatal quality improvement network. In: Proceedings from the 2019 annual meeting of the pediatric academic societies. April 24-May 1, 2019. Baltimore, MD."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2020-0032","article-title":"The Colorado Hospitals Substance Exposed Newborn Quality Improvement Collaborative. Standardization of care for opioid-exposed newborns shortens length of stay and reduces number of infants requiring opiate therapy","volume":"10","author":"Hwang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hosp Pediatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2021-005824","article-title":"Ethnic disparities in the care of opioid-exposed newborns in Colorado birthing hospitals","volume":"11","author":"Weikel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hosp Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2015.192","article-title":"Addressing health disparities in rural communities using telehealth","volume":"79","author":"Marcin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2015.1129388","article-title":"Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes): a new model for educating primary care providers about treatment of substance use disorders","volume":"37","author":"Komaromy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Subst Abuse"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-057988","article-title":"Section on breastfeeding. policy statement: breastfeeding and the use of human milk","volume":"150","author":"Meek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib60","first-page":"311","article-title":"A\u00a0retrospective cohort study examining the utility of perinatal urine toxicology testing to guide breastfeeding initiation","volume":"15","author":"Harris","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Addict Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.12982","article-title":"Breastfeeding in women on opioid maintenance therapy: a review of policy and practice","volume":"64","author":"Clark","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Midwifery Wom Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2019.0122","article-title":"Breastfeeding motivators and barriers in women receiving medications for opioid use disorder","volume":"15","author":"Yonke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2017.0130","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators of breastfeeding reported by postpartum women in methadone maintenance therapy","volume":"13","author":"Hicks","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2017.0172","article-title":"Examination of hospital, maternal, and infant characteristics associated with breastfeeding initiation and continuation among opioid-exposed mother-infant dyads","volume":"13","author":"Schiff","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"year":"2023","series-title":"Breastfeeding rates: national immunization survey (NIS)","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib65"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-007-0248-6","article-title":"understanding breastfeeding initiation and continuation in rural communities: a combined qualitative\/quantitative approach","volume":"12","author":"Flower","year":"2008","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/NMC.0000000000000212","article-title":"Breastfeeding barriers and support in a rural setting","volume":"41","author":"Goodman","year":"2016","journal-title":"MCN Am J Matern Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2014.02.004","article-title":"Prenatal and postpartum care of women with substance use disorders","volume":"41","author":"Gopman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin"},{"year":"2024","series-title":"Published: Medicaid postpartum coverage extension tracker","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib69"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2022.10.007","article-title":"Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome: an update on developmental outcomes","volume":"50","author":"Benninger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0000000000000679","article-title":"Early intervention referral and enrollment among infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome","volume":"40","author":"Peacock-Chambers","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dev Behav Pediatr JDBP"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1097\/FCH.0000000000000285","article-title":"Rural and racial\/ethnic differences in children receiving early intervention services","volume":"44","author":"Barnard-Brak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fam Community Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-020-03067-2","article-title":"The early intervention referral process for rural infants and toddlers with delays or disabilities: a family perspective","volume":"25","author":"Decker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib77","series-title":"Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation, Administration for Children and Families","article-title":"Exploring Remaining Needs and Opportunities for Improvement in Rural Communities: A Focus on Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting (MIECHV) Services. OPRE Brief #2023-045","author":"Brimsek","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6801a2","article-title":"Evaluation of state-mandated reporting of neonatal abstinence syndrome \u2014 six states, 2013\u20132017","volume":"68","author":"Jilani","year":"2019","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib79","first-page":"125","article-title":"Implementation of a statewide surveillance system for neonatal abstinence syndrome \u2014 Tennessee, 2013","volume":"64","author":"Warren","year":"2015","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-018-0172-z","article-title":"Capturing the statewide incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome in real time: the West Virginia experience","volume":"85","author":"Umer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-018-0272-9","article-title":"Addressing rural health disparities in neonatal abstinence syndrome: population-based surveillance and public policy","volume":"85","author":"Raphael","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031395524001226?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031395524001226?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T13:14:11Z","timestamp":1756214051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031395524001226"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031395524001226"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3955"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0031-3955"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Opioid Use Disorder and Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome in Rural Environments","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pediatric Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.026","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}