{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T11:57:39Z","timestamp":1769255859113,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":329,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100024327","name":"Maryland Department of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100024327","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K12DA000357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K12DA000357"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T02:45:30Z","timestamp":1727837130000},"page":"291-304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Problematic Social Media Use or Social Media Addiction in Pediatric Populations"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Carol","family":"Vidal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clifford","family":"Sussman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib1","unstructured":"Wong B. and Bottorff C., Top social media Statistics and trends of 2024. Forbes Advisor Web site, Available at: https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/advisor\/business\/social-media-statistics\/#source, (Accessed 4 August 2024), 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib2","unstructured":"Pew Research Center. Social media fact sheet. Fact sheets: tech adoption trends. 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib4","author":"Vogels"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib5","series-title":"DSM-5 Task Force. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders\u202f: DSM-5","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169839","article-title":"Problematic social media use: results from a large-scale nationally representative adolescent sample","volume":"12","author":"B\u00e1nyai","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2010.491884","article-title":"Introduction to behavioral addictions","volume":"36","author":"Grant","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/14659890500114359","article-title":"A \u2018components\u2019 model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework","volume":"10","author":"Griffiths","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Subst Use"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2022.07.819","article-title":"Behavioral addictive disorders in children and adolescents","volume":"62","author":"Vidal","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib10","series-title":"Chapter 6 - social networking addiction: an overview of preliminary findings","first-page":"119","author":"Griffiths","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib11","first-page":"307","article-title":"Internet and video game addictions: diagnosis","volume":"27","author":"Sussman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2612","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16142612","article-title":"Addictive features of social media\/messenger platforms and freemium games against the background of psychological and economic theories","volume":"16","author":"Montag","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Publ Health"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib13","first-page":"81","article-title":"probabilities, and slot machine play: implications for problem and non-problem gambling","author":"Harrigan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib14","series-title":"Schedules of reinforcement","author":"Ferster","year":"1957"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib15","series-title":"Training Manual for Behavior Technicians Working with Individuals with Autism. In: Training Manual for Behavior Technicians Working with Individuals with Autism","first-page":"47","author":"Tarbox","year":"2017"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797616645673","article-title":"The power of the like in adolescence: effects of peer influence on neural and behavioral responses to social media","volume":"27","author":"Sherman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12838","article-title":"Peer influence via Instagram: effects on brain and behavior in adolescence and young adulthood","volume":"89","author":"Sherman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107400","article-title":"Problematic use or addiction? A scoping review on conceptual and operational definitions of negative social networking sites use in adolescents","volume":"134","author":"Varona","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102128","article-title":"Global prevalence of digital addiction in general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"92","author":"Meng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.106845","article-title":"Prevalence of social media addiction across 32 nations: meta-analysis with subgroup analysis of classification schemes and cultural values","volume":"117","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.24095\/hpcdp.40.5\/6.09","article-title":"Original quantitative research - autonomy, competence and relatedness and cannabis and alcohol use among youth in Canada: a cross-sectional analysis","volume":"40","author":"Enns","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib25","article-title":"Brain anatomy alterations associated with Social Networking Site (SNS) addiction","volume":"7","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2018.06.008","article-title":"Association of excessive social media use with abnormal white matter integrity of the corpus callosum","volume":"278","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1080\/17470919.2017.1382387","article-title":"Social networking sites use and the morphology of a social-semantic brain network","volume":"13","author":"Turel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2021.0300","article-title":"Problematic social media use and its relationship with depression or anxiety: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Lopes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764020978434","article-title":"A\u00a0meta-analysis of the problematic social media use and mental health","volume":"68","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2020.101414","article-title":"Interplay between social media use, sleep quality, and mental health in youth: a systematic review","volume":"56","author":"Alonzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102038","article-title":"Social media use and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"87","author":"Nesi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/33450","article-title":"Problematic social media use in adolescents and young adults: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Shannon","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9960","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19169960","article-title":"The use of social media in children and adolescents: Scoping Review on the Potential Risks","volume":"19","author":"Bozzola","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-020-00715-7","article-title":"Social media and depression symptoms: a meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Cunningham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1080\/09540261.2020.1720623","article-title":"Social media use and depression in adolescents: a scoping review","volume":"32","author":"Vidal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Rev Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00686","article-title":"Problematic social networking site use and comorbid psychiatric disorders: a systematic review of recent large-scale studies","volume":"9","author":"Hussain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12121625","article-title":"Understanding problematic social media use in adolescents with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a narrative review and clinical recommendations","volume":"12","author":"Dekkers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248406","article-title":"Hooked on virtual social life. Problematic social media use and associations with mental distress and addictive disorders","volume":"16","author":"Henzel","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib39","first-page":"501","article-title":"Development of a","volume":"110","author":"Andreassen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Facebook Addiction Scale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.03.038","volume":"61","author":"van den Eijnden","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Social Media Disorder Scale. Comput Hum Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2022.5741","article-title":"Psychometric properties of screening instruments for social network use disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review","volume":"177","author":"Schlossarek","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2020.152180","article-title":"Preventing problematic internet use during the COVID-19 pandemic: consensus guidance","volume":"100","author":"Kir\u00e1ly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1080\/15213269.2019.1688171","article-title":"Experimentally manipulating social media abstinence: results of a four-week diary study","volume":"24","author":"Hall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Media Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217743","article-title":"Taking a break: the effect of taking a vacation from Facebook and Instagram on subjective well-being","volume":"14","author":"Hanley","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib45","first-page":"751","article-title":"No more FOMO: limiting social media decreases loneliness and depression","volume":"37","author":"Hunt","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2022.08.015","article-title":"\u201cIntermission!\u201d A short-term social media fast reduces self-objectification among pre-teen and teen dancers","volume":"43","author":"Roberts","year":"2022","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2021.0324","article-title":"Taking a one-week break from social media improves well-being, depression, and anxiety: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"25","author":"Lambert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol, Behav Soc Netw"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib48","first-page":"496","article-title":"The burden of online friends: the effects of giving up Facebook on stress and well-being","volume":"158","author":"Vanman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3543","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-021-00382-5","article-title":"Take nothing for granted: downward social comparison and counterfactual thinking increase adolescents\u2019 state gratitude for the little things in life","volume":"22","author":"Nicu\u021b\u0103","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Happiness Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5817\/CP2019-1-4","article-title":"Social media addiction: its impact, mediation, and intervention","volume":"13","author":"Hou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib51","article-title":"The impact of social media use interventions on mental well-being: systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Plackett","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-020-09852-0","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy-based short-term abstinence intervention for problematic social media use: improved well-being and underlying mechanisms","volume":"92","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatr Q"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib53","series-title":"Behavioral Addiction","first-page":"99","article-title":"Internet addiction disorder. In: internet addiction disorder","author":"Weinstein","year":"2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib54","first-page":"11","article-title":"Clinical psychology of Internet addiction: a review of its conceptualization, prevalence, neuronal processes, and implications for treatment","author":"Pontes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dove Press J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425924","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/425924","article-title":"Treatment outcomes in patients with internet addiction: a clinical pilot study on the effects of a cognitive-behavioral therapy program","volume":"2014","author":"W\u00f6lfling","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000315","article-title":"Treatments for internet gaming disorder and internet addiction: a systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Zajac","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib57","author":"Rothwell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib58","series-title":"Gallup: teens spend average of 4.8 hours on social media per day","author":"Rothwell","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.10.021","article-title":"Multi-family group therapy for adolescent Internet addiction: exploring the underlying mechanisms","volume":"42","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"174","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib60","first-page":"359","article-title":"Evaluation of an internet addiction treatment program for Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong","volume":"44","author":"Dtl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adolescence"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.1999.2.403","article-title":"Psychological characteristics of compulsive internet use: a preliminary analysis","volume":"2","author":"Greenfield","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2341","article-title":"Cognitive\u2013behavioral therapy for Internet gaming disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Stevens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib63","article-title":"Effective interventions for gaming disorder: a systematic review of randomized control trials","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.114016","article-title":"A\u00a0review of psychological interventions for internet addiction","volume":"302","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2022.00049","article-title":"Motivational brief interventions for adolescents and young adults with Internet use disorders: a randomized-controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Schmidt","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Behav Addict"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib66","first-page":"1005","article-title":"Efficacy of short-term telemedicine motivation-based intervention for individuals with Internet Use Disorder \u2013 a pilot-study","volume":"10","author":"Bottel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Behav Addict"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.8.2019.27","article-title":"Why and how to include parents in the treatment of adolescents presenting Internet gaming disorder?","volume":"8","author":"Bonnaire","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Behav Addict"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.02.002","article-title":"Effects of exercise or tai chi on Internet addiction in college students and the potential role of gut microbiota: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"327","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Affect Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n0316","article-title":"Escitalopram in the treatment of impulsive-compulsive internet usage disorder : an open-label trial followed by a double-blind discontinuation phase","volume":"69","author":"Dell'osso","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12429","article-title":"Comparative study of the effects of bupropion and escitalopram on Internet gaming disorder","volume":"70","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2022.04.007","article-title":"Technological addictions","volume":"45","author":"Sherer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2021.0207","article-title":"A\u00a0literature review on the efficacy and related neural effects of pharmacological and psychosocial treatments in individuals with internet gaming disorder","volume":"18","author":"Seo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2612","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19052612","article-title":"The comparative efficacy of treatments for children and young adults with internet addiction\/internet gaming disorder: an updated meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.3102\/0034654316628645","article-title":"Learning in one-to-one laptop environments: a meta-analysis and research synthesis","volume":"86","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Educ Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e09004","article-title":"Influence of computers in students\u2019 academic achievement","volume":"8","author":"Sim\u00f5es","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S003139552400169X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S003139552400169X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T16:21:27Z","timestamp":1750782087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S003139552400169X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S003139552400169X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3955","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Problematic Social Media Use or Social Media Addiction in Pediatric Populations","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pediatric Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.08.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}