{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:24:03Z","timestamp":1791645843327,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["CIFMS-2018-I2M-AI-018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIFMS-2018-I2M-AI-018"]}]},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["CIFMS-2017-I2M-1-017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIFMS-2017-I2M-1-017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,16]],"date-time":"2020-05-16T19:29:00Z","timestamp":1589657340000},"page":"101820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether photodynamic therapy for the treatment of facial port-wine stains resistant to pulsed dye laser"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Mengli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuju","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lifang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiping","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huizhen","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaorong","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hualing","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenwen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SanJing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pingping","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.58.2.218","article-title":"The incidence of birthmarks in the neonate","volume":"58","author":"Jacobs","year":"1976","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.05.027","article-title":"Hypertrophy in Port-wineStains: prevalence and patient characteristics in a large patient cohort","volume":"67","author":"van Drooge","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1986.01660140067019","article-title":"Port-wine Stains. A disease of altered neural modulation of blood vessels?","volume":"122","author":"Smoller","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2008.07.015","article-title":"The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in port-wine stains","volume":"139","author":"Vural","year":"2008","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15716","article-title":"Coexistence of Eph receptor B1 and ephrin B2 in port-wine stain endothelial progenitor cells contributes to clinicopathological vasculature dilatation","volume":"177","author":"Tan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133158","article-title":"Genetic variants associated with port-wine stains","volume":"10","author":"Frigerio","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2243","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20092243","article-title":"The pathogenesis of port wine stain and sturge weber syndrome: complex interactions between genetic alterations and aberrant MAPK and PI3K activation","volume":"20","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.11.938","article-title":"An overview of clinical and experimental treatment modalities for port wine stains","volume":"67","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02351.x","article-title":"Port-wine stains unresponsive to pulsed dye laser: explanations and solutions","volume":"139","author":"Lanigan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.019","article-title":"Treatment of pulsed dye laser-resistant port wine stain birthmarks","volume":"57","author":"Jasim","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2006.03.001","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy in China: over 25 years of unique clinical experience Part two-Clinicalexperience","volume":"3","author":"Huang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12384","article-title":"A dose-finding study for hemoporfin in photodynamic therapy for port-wine stain: a multicenterrandomized double-blind phase IIb trial","volume":"34","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12130","article-title":"Side-by side comparison of photodynamic therapy and pulsed-dye laser treatment of port-winestain birthmarks","volume":"168","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2018.06.006","article-title":"A clinical study of HMME-PDT therapy in Chinese pediatric patients with port-wine stain","volume":"23","author":"Li-Qiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2010.00555.x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of hemoporfin in photodynamic therapy for port-wine stain: a multicenter and open-labeled phase IIa study","volume":"27","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-011-0913-2","article-title":"Pulsed dye laser double-pass treatment of patients with resistant capillary malformations","volume":"26","author":"Rajaratnam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2018.09.012","article-title":"Clinical study on hemoporfin PDT for infant facial port-wine stains","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02219.x","article-title":"Facial port wine stains in childhood: prediction of the rate of improvement as a function of the age of the patient, size and location of the port wine stain and the number of treatments with the pulsed dye (585 nm) laser","volume":"138","author":"Nguyen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12204","article-title":"Pulsed dye laser-resistant port-wine stains: mechanisms of resistance and implications for treatment","volume":"168","author":"Savas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23134","article-title":"Characterization of laser-resistant port wine stain blood vessels using in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy","volume":"51","author":"Fu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0105","first-page":"951","article-title":"Treatment of resistant port-wine stains with a variable-pulse pulsed dye laser","volume":"33","author":"Kono","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-011-0913-2","article-title":"Pulsed dye laser double-pass treatment of patients with resistant capillary malformations","volume":"26","author":"Rajaratnam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22584","article-title":"Split lesion randomized comparative study between long pulsed Nd:YAG laser 532 and 1,064 nm in treatment of facial port-wine stain","volume":"48","author":"Al-Dhalimi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2016.04.016","article-title":"Alexandrite laser for the treatment of resistant and hypertrophic port wine stains: a clinical, histological and histochemical study","volume":"107","author":"Grillo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Actas Dermosifiliogr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2009.01155.x","article-title":"Combined 595-nm and 1,064-nm laser irradiation of recalcitrant and hypertrophic port-wine stains in children and adults","volume":"35","author":"Alster","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.03.004","article-title":"Treatment of recalcitrant port-wine stains (PWS) using a combined pulsed dye laser (PDL) and radiofrequency (RF) energy device","volume":"76","author":"Bae","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.02160.x","article-title":"Fractional thermoablation using an erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet fractionated laser for the treatment of pulsed dye laser-resistant port wine stain birthmarks","volume":"37","author":"Toren","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000001507","article-title":"Topical adjuncts to pulsed dye laser for treatment of port wine stains: review of the literature","volume":"44","author":"Lipner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0145","first-page":"6","article-title":"A clinical study of photodynamic therapy for port wine stain: a report of 40 cases","volume":"1","author":"Gu","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chin. J. Laser Med. Surg."},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0151-9638(07)91816-5","article-title":"Clinical study of 1949 cases of port wine stains treated with vascular photodynamic therapy (Gu\u2019s PDT)","volume":"134","author":"Gu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156219","article-title":"Hemoporfin photodynamic therapy for port-wine stain: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2007.12.001","article-title":"Comparison of photodynamic therapy and pulsed dye laser in patients with port wine stain birthmarks: a retrospective analysis","volume":"5","author":"Yuan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15238","article-title":"Retrospective study of photodynamic therapy for pulsed dye laser-resistant port-wine stains","volume":"47","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1080\/09546630903200604","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy of port-wine stains","volume":"21","author":"Lu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dermatolog. Treat."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2011.09.004","article-title":"Research progress of Hemoporfin- part one: preclinical study","volume":"9","author":"Pu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."}],"container-title":["Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1572100020301745?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1572100020301745?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:43:53Z","timestamp":1761612233000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1572100020301745"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S1572100020301745"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820","relation":{},"ISSN":["1572-1000"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1572-1000","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether photodynamic therapy for the treatment of facial port-wine stains resistant to pulsed dye laser","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101820","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101820"}}