{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T17:19:21Z","timestamp":1793207961777,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]],"date-time":"2020-08-05T12:02:52Z","timestamp":1596628972000},"page":"101949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Evaluation of combined efficacy of photodynamic therapy using indocyanine green photosensitizer and non-surgical periodontal therapy on clinical and microbial parameters in the management of chronic periodontitis subjects: A randomized split-mouth design"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4029-9150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kanchana","family":"Sukumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5817-8512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anupama","family":"Tadepalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7869-3586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harinath","family":"Parthasarathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7537-0079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deepa","family":"Ponnaiyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"June 1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.1997.tb00189.x","article-title":"The pathogenesis of human periodontitis: an introduction","volume":"14","author":"Page","year":"1997","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"issue":"November 1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.1996.1.1.443","article-title":"Non\u2010surgical pocket therapy: Mechanical","volume":"1","author":"Cobb","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annals of periodontology."},{"issue":"October 1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2004.03675.x","article-title":"Effects of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on the microbiota","volume":"36","author":"Umeda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"issue":"June 6","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1999.70.6.574","article-title":"Effect of initial periodontal therapy on the frequency of detecting Bacteroides forsythus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans","volume":"70","author":"Takamatsu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of periodontology"},{"issue":"February 1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1875-595X.2004.tb00246.x","article-title":"Topical and systemic antibiotics in the management of periodontal diseases","volume":"54","author":"Mombelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"International dental journal"},{"issue":"July 3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0030","first-page":"611","article-title":"Nonsurgical approaches for the treatment of periodontal diseases","volume":"49","author":"Ryan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dental Clinics."},{"issue":"August 8","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910708600803","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy in dentistry","volume":"86","author":"Konopka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of dental research"},{"issue":"April 4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1991.tb03669.x","article-title":"The photodegradation of porphyrins in cells can be used to estimate the lifetime of singlet oxygen","volume":"53","author":"Moan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Photochemistry and photobiology"},{"issue":"June 5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20361","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of microbial infections: basic principles and perspective applications","volume":"38","author":"Jori","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lasers in Surgery and Medicine: The Official Journal of the American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery."},{"issue":"June 14","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2016.02.007","article-title":"Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using diode laser activated indocyanine green as an adjunct in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial","author":"Monzavi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy"},{"issue":"July 2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0055","first-page":"58","article-title":"Diode laser activated indocyanine green selectively kills bacteria","volume":"13","author":"Boehm","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Int Acad Periodontol"},{"issue":"October 5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12042","article-title":"Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using a diode laser with a potential new photosensitizer, indocyanine green\u2010loaded nanospheres, may be effective for the clearance of Porphyromonas gingivalis","volume":"48","author":"Nagahara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of periodontal research"},{"issue":"April 4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2012.3430","article-title":"Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy of resistant bacterial strains by indocyanine green and 809-nm diode laser","volume":"31","author":"Topaloglu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Photomedicine and laser surgery"},{"issue":"May 5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0070","first-page":"391","article-title":"Effect of a single session of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using indocyanine green in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a randomized controlled pilot trial","volume":"46","author":"Srikanth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Quintessence Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0075","series-title":"Photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in treatment of chronic periodontitis patients: A clinical study","author":"Raut","year":"2020"},{"issue":"November 6","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.199598","article-title":"The effect of indocyanine green-mediated photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A comparative split-mouth randomized clinical trial","volume":"27","author":"Shingnapurkar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Dental Research."},{"issue":"May 3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.4103\/jisp.jisp_128_18","article-title":"Indocyanine green-mediated photothermal therapy in treatment of chronic periodontitis: A clinico-microbiological study","volume":"22","author":"Raut","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology"},{"issue":"June 26","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2019.02.019","article-title":"Indocyanine green-based adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for treating chronic periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial","author":"Hill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0095","series-title":"Photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in treatment of chronic periodontitis patients: A clinical study","author":"Raut","year":"2020"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0100","article-title":"Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for treating periodontal and peri\u2010implant diseases","author":"Jerv\u00f8e\u2010Storm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.15171\/jlms.2015.04","article-title":"Effect of nonsurgical periodontal treatment combined with diode laser or photodynamic therapy on chronic periodontitis: a randomized controlled split-mouth clinical trial","volume":"6","author":"Birang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of lasers in medical sciences"},{"issue":"February 2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0110","first-page":"ZC08","article-title":"Efficacy of photodynamic therapy and lasers as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of aggressive periodontitis\u2013A clinical and microbiologic short-term study","volume":"10","author":"Annaji","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR."},{"issue":"July 4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-011-0942-x","article-title":"Clinical and microbiological effects of photodynamic therapy associated with nonsurgical periodontal treatment","volume":"27","author":"Theodoro","year":"2012","journal-title":"A 6-month follow-up. Lasers in medical science"},{"issue":"July 7","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2009.01412.x","article-title":"Clinical effectiveness of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of periodontitis","volume":"36","author":"Polansky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of clinical periodontology"},{"issue":"September 5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-011-1027-6","article-title":"Treatment of residual pockets with photodynamic therapy, diode laser, or deep scaling. A randomized, split-mouth controlled clinical trial","volume":"27","author":"Cappuyns","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lasers in medical science"},{"issue":"March 3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2014.140392","article-title":"Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to non\u2010surgical treatment of aggressive periodontitis: A split\u2010mouth randomized controlled trial","volume":"86","author":"Moreira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of periodontology"},{"issue":"August 4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2013.790","article-title":"The use of diffuse laser photonic energy and indocyanine green photosensitiser as an adjunct to periodontal therapy","volume":"215","author":"Parker","year":"2013","journal-title":"British dental journal"},{"issue":"November 11","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2674","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.11.2674-2678.1996","article-title":"Multiplex PCR using conserved and species-specific 16S rRNA gene primers for simultaneous detection of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis","volume":"34","author":"Tran","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"October 1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00224-4","article-title":"Quantitative real-time PCR using TaqMan and SYBR Green for Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, tetQ gene and total bacteria","volume":"39","author":"Maeda","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol."},{"issue":"December 5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-5-664","article-title":"Optimization of quantitative polymerase chain reactions for detection and quantification of eight periodontal bacterial pathogens","author":"Decat","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3542","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00345-09","article-title":"Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans builds mutualistic biofilm communities with Fusobacterium nucleatum and Veillonella species in saliva","volume":"77","author":"Periasamy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Immun."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1697416","article-title":"Detection of treponema denticola in symptomatic apical periodontitis and in symptomatic apical abscesses by real-time PCR","volume":"3","author":"Ozbek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Dent."},{"issue":"June 18","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2017.01.183","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of photodynamic therapy adjunctive to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Xue","year":"2017","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy"},{"issue":"July 7","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0170","first-page":"783","article-title":"Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for the treatment of periodontitis and peri\u2010implantitis: An American Academy of Periodontology best evidence review","volume":"89","author":"Chambrone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of periodontology"},{"issue":"April 4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2015.4076","article-title":"Bactericidal efficacy of photodynamic therapy against periodontal pathogens in periodontal disease: a systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Akram","year":"2016","journal-title":"Photomedicine and laser surgery"}],"container-title":["Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1572100020303033?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1572100020303033?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:34:02Z","timestamp":1761611642000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1572100020303033"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S1572100020303033"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949","relation":{},"ISSN":["1572-1000"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1572-1000","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evaluation of combined efficacy of photodynamic therapy using indocyanine green photosensitizer and non-surgical periodontal therapy on clinical and microbial parameters in the management of chronic periodontitis subjects: A randomized split-mouth design","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101949","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101949"}}