{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:24:06Z","timestamp":1791645846088,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,7]],"date-time":"2023-01-07T11:37:40Z","timestamp":1673091460000},"page":"103273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["General anaesthesia for photodynamic therapy of port-wine stain in children: A retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4102-9163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linlin","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongjie","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103273_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20788","article-title":"Port wine stain progression: a potential consequence of delayed and inadequate treatment?","volume":"41","author":"Minkis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103273_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2018.09.012","article-title":"Clinical study on Hemoporfin PDT for infant facial port-wine stains","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103273_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2014.06.004","article-title":"Comparison of pulsed dye laser (PDL) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) for treatment of facial port-wine stain (PWS) birthmarks in pediatric patients","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103273_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2021.102568","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of hemoporfin photodynamic therapy for port-wine stains in paediatric patients: a retrospective study of 439 cases at a single centre","volume":"36","author":"Chun-Hua","year":"2021","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103273_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2018.06.006","article-title":"A clinical study of HMME-PDT therapy in Chinese pediatric patients with port-wine stain","volume":"23","author":"Li-Qiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103273_bib0006","first-page":"15","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy\u2013aspects of pain management","volume":"13","author":"Fink","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dtsch. Dermatol. Ges."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103273_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101649","article-title":"Efficacy and related factors analysis in HMME-PDT in the treatment of port wine stains","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103273_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i61","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeq302","article-title":"Early childhood general anaesthesia exposure and neurocognitive development","volume":"105","author":"Sun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103273_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.141.5.573","article-title":"General anesthesia for pediatric dermatologic procedures: risks and complications","volume":"141","author":"Cunningham","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103273_bib0010","first-page":"268","article-title":"Dermatologic surgery in children: an update on indication, anesthesia, analgesia and potential perioperative complications","volume":"16","author":"Crisan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dtsch. Dermatol. Ges."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103273_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.141.5.573","article-title":"General anesthesia for pediatric dermatologic procedures: risks and complications","volume":"141","author":"Cunningham","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103273_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15344","article-title":"Gain with no pain? Pain management in dermatological photodynamic therapy","volume":"177","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103273_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2014.03.004","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of oral oxycodone plus acetaminophen for the treatment of pain in photodynamic therapy on port wine stains","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103273_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06991.x","article-title":"double-blind, placebo-controlled prospective study of the efficacy of topical anaesthesia with a eutetic mixture of lignocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5% for topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy for extensive scalp actinic keratoses","volume":"154","author":"Langan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103273_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.140.1.33","article-title":"A trial of short incubation, broad-area photodynamic therapy for facial actinic keratoses and diffuse photodamage","volume":"140","author":"Touma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103273_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.04167.x","article-title":"Cold air analgesia as pain reduction during photodynamic therapy of actinic keratoses","volume":"26","author":"Stangeland","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103273_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13547","article-title":"Comparing cold-air analgesia, systemically administered analgesia and scalp nerve blocks for pain management during photodynamic therapy for actinic keratosis of the scalp presenting as field cancerization: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"173","author":"Klein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103273_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03010747","article-title":"Vourc'h G. Complications associated with anaesthesia\u2013a prospective survey in France","volume":"33","author":"Tiret","year":"1986","journal-title":"Can. Anaesth. Soc. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103273_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/61.3.263","article-title":"Complications related to anaesthesia in infants and children. A prospective survey of 40240 anaesthetics","volume":"61","author":"Tiret","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103273_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-014-2293-z","article-title":"Nalbuphine in pediatric anesthesia","volume":"63","author":"Schultz-Machata","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anaesthesist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103273_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-8180(91)90088-5","article-title":"Frequency of anesthetic cardiac arrests in infants: effect of pediatric anesthesiologists","volume":"3","author":"Keenan","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Clin. Anesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103273_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.19259","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine: present and future directions","volume":"72","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Korean J. Anesthesiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103273_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199701000-00060","article-title":"Relationship between complications of pediatric anesthesia and volume of pediatric anesthetics","volume":"84","author":"Auroy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103273_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002232","article-title":"Neuropsychological and behavioral outcomes after exposure of young children to procedures requiring general anesthesia: the mayo anesthesia safety in kids (MASK) study","volume":"129","author":"Warner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103273_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.3662","article-title":"Influence of surgical procedures and general anesthesia on child development before primary school entry among matched sibling pairs","volume":"173","author":"O'Leary","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103273_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e318232066c","article-title":"Review article: neurotoxicity of anesthetic drugs in the developing brain","volume":"113","author":"Stratmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103273_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.3470","article-title":"Association of anesthesia and surgery during childhood with long-term academic performance","volume":"171","author":"Glatz","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103273_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002346","article-title":"Sedation and the food and drug administration warning: what a pediatric gastroenterologist, hepatologist, and pancreatologist should know","volume":"69","author":"Fishman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."}],"container-title":["Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1572100023000029?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1572100023000029?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:46:29Z","timestamp":1761612389000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1572100023000029"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S1572100023000029"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103273","relation":{},"ISSN":["1572-1000"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1572-1000","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"General anaesthesia for photodynamic therapy of port-wine stain in children: A retrospective study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103273","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103273"}}