{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T03:33:48Z","timestamp":1789788828845,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T15:34:55Z","timestamp":1674142495000},"page":"103292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on the reduction of bacteria and virulence factors in teeth with primary endodontic infection"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Esdras Gabriel","family":"Alves-Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Arruda-Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidiane Mendes","family":"Louzada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"de-Jesus-Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caio Cezar Randi","family":"Ferraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Fl\u00e1vio Affonso","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina Ang\u00e9lica","family":"Marciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Steiner-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joao Miguel Marques","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8449-0646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brenda PFA","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200109000-00002","article-title":"Molecular Detection of black-pigmented bacteria in infections of endodontic origin","volume":"27","author":"Siqueira JR","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2012.05.013","article-title":"The effect of surfactant on the dissolution of porcine pulpal tissue by sodium hypochlorite solutions","volume":"38","author":"Clarkson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2011.12.020","article-title":"Treatment of root canal biofilms of enterococcus faecalis with ozone gas and passive ultrasound activation","volume":"38","author":"Case","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12964","article-title":"Chemomechanical preparation influences the microbial community and the levels of LPS, LTA and cytokines in combined endodontic-periodontal lesions: a clinical study","volume":"57","author":"Gomes","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2015.03.010","article-title":"Comparison of bacterial community composition of primary and persistent endodontic infections using pyrosequencing","volume":"41","author":"Tzanetakis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2013.10.022","article-title":"Signaling pathways activation by primary endodontic infectious contents and production of inflammatory mediators","volume":"40","author":"Martinho","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4164","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00111-06","article-title":"Alanine esters of enterococcal lipoteichoic acid play a role in biofilm formation and resistance to antimicrobial peptides","volume":"74","author":"Fabretti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13402","article-title":"Investigation of microbial profile, levels of endotoxin and lipoteichoic acid in teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: a clinical study","volume":"54","author":"Arruda-Vasconcelos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Endod. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.4103\/ejd.ejd_84_17","article-title":"Participation of endotoxin in root canal infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Martinho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dent."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2016.01.002","article-title":"Quantification of lipoteichoic acid contents and cultivable bacteria at the different phases of the endodontic retreatment","volume":"42","author":"Barbosa-Ribeiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-017-2143-x","article-title":"Clinical comparison of the effectiveness of 7- and 14-day intracanal medications in root canal disinfection and inflammatory cytokines","volume":"22","author":"Martinho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1308\/205016816819304196","article-title":"Contemporary cleaning and shaping of the root canal system","volume":"5","author":"Tomson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prim. Dent. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0013","article-title":"Effectiveness of adjunct therapy for the treatment of apical periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Meire","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Endod. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13092","article-title":"Antimicrobial action of photodynamic therapy in root canals using LED curing light, curcumin and carbopol gel","volume":"52","author":"Oda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Endod. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1177\/039463200401700304","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy targeted to pathogens","volume":"17","author":"Demidova","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2006.04.007","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy for endodontic disinfection","volume":"32","author":"Soukos","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2019.09.009","article-title":"Antimicrobial efficacy of photodynamic therapy, diode laser, and sodium hypochlorite and their combinations on endodontic pathogens","volume":"28","author":"Sarda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-017-2270-4","article-title":"Clinical and microbiological effectiveness of photodynamic therapy on primary endodontic infections: a 6-month randomized clinical trial","volume":"22","author":"de Miranda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/269205","article-title":"Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy for root canal system asepsis: a narrative literature review","volume":"2015","author":"Diogo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Dent."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.10.020","article-title":"Antimicrobial effects of photodynamic therapy on patients with necrotic pulps and periapical lesion","volume":"34","author":"Garcez","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12869","article-title":"Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy associated with conventional endodontic treatment: a clinical and molecular microbiological study","volume":"94","author":"da Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e154","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/314910","article-title":"Does low-level laser therapy enhance the efficacy of intravenous regional anesthesia?","volume":"19","author":"Nesioonpour","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Res. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2021.102348","article-title":"Effect of photodynamic therapy on postoperative pain in posterior teeth with symptomatic apical periodontitis","volume":"35","author":"Vilas-Boas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2021.102700","article-title":"The effect of photodynamic therapy on postoperative pain in teeth with primary endodontic infection","volume":"37","author":"Alves-Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2015.07.011","article-title":"Use of a 660-nm laser to aid in the healing of necrotic alveolar mucosa caused by extruded sodium hypochlorite: a case report","volume":"41","author":"Bramante","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2021.102571","article-title":"Influence of photodynamic therapy and intracanal medication on Martens hardness, elastic modulus and bond strength of glass-fiber posts to endodontically treated root dentin","volume":"36","author":"Strazzi-Sahyon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45976-0","article-title":"Quantification of endotoxins in necrotic root canals from symptomatic and asymptomatic teeth","volume":"54","author":"Jacinto","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.2007.00379.x","article-title":"Effect of root canal procedures on endotoxins and endodontic pathogens","volume":"22","author":"Vianna","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2012.04.021","article-title":"Comparison of endotoxin levels found in primary and secondary endodontic infections","volume":"38","author":"Gomes","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12421","article-title":"Root canal content from primary endodontic infection and upregulation of gelatinases in fibroblast cells","volume":"48","author":"Herrera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Endod. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2020.02.005","article-title":"Clinical investigation of microbial profile and levels of endotoxins and lipoteichoic acid at different phases of the endodontic treatment in teeth with vital pulp and associated periodontal disease","volume":"46","author":"Louzada","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13261","article-title":"Efficacy of reciprocating and ultrasonic activation of 6% sodium hypochlorite in the reduction of microbial content and virulence factors in teeth with primary endodontic infection","volume":"53","author":"Aveiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Endod. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-018-2401-6","article-title":"Periodontal and endodontic infectious\/inflammatory profile in primary periodontal lesions with secondary endodontic involvement after a calcium hydroxide-based intracanal medication","volume":"23","author":"Duque","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0034","first-page":"1","article-title":"Microbiological examination of root canals and periapical tissues of human teeth","volume":"74","author":"M\u00f6ller","year":"1966","journal-title":"Odontol. Tidskr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-005-0347-9","article-title":"Temperature evolution on human teeth root surface after diode laser assisted endodontic treatment","volume":"20","author":"Gutknecht","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2017.06.005","article-title":"Does supplemental photodynamic therapy optimize the disinfection of bacteria and endotoxins in one-visit and two-visit root canal therapy? A randomized clinical trial","volume":"19","author":"Rabello","year":"2017","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2014.03.005","article-title":"The effect of photodynamic therapy in root canal disinfection: a systematic review","volume":"40","author":"Chrepa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2010.01717.x","article-title":"Influence of bacterial growth modes on the susceptibility to light-activated disinfection","volume":"43","author":"Upadya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Endod. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2007.00244.x","article-title":"Influence of photosensitizer solvent on the mechanisms of photoactivated killing of enterococcus faecalis","volume":"84","author":"George","year":"2008","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2015.01.017","article-title":"Proinflammatory activity of primarily infected endodontic content against macrophages after different phases of the root canal therapy","volume":"41","author":"Marinho","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.11.015","article-title":"Quantification of endotoxins and cultivable bacteria in root canal infection before and after chemomechanical preparation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite","volume":"34","author":"Martinho","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2010.11.020","article-title":"Comparison of endotoxin levels in previous studies on primary endodontic infections","volume":"37","author":"Martinho","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2010.08.019","article-title":"Clinical investigation of the efficacy of chemomechanical preparation with rotary nickel-titanium files for removal of endotoxin from primarily infected root canals","volume":"36","author":"Martinho","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2018.04.009","article-title":"Is the chlorophyll derivative Zn(II)e 6 Me a good photosensitizer to be used in root canal disinfection?","volume":"22","author":"Diogo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0045","first-page":"387","article-title":"Adsorption of Streptococcus mutans lipoteichoic acid to hydroxyapatite","volume":"85","author":"Ciardi","year":"1977","journal-title":"Scand. J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb10040044","article-title":"An insight into advanced approaches for photosensitizer optimization in endodontics\u2014a critical review","volume":"10","author":"Diogo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Funct. Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2018.02.016","article-title":"An in vivo evaluation of microbial diversity before and after the photo-activated disinfection in primary endodontic infections: traditional phenotypic and molecular approaches","volume":"22","author":"Pourhajibagher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2022.103014","article-title":"Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in endodontic reintervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Nunes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."}],"container-title":["Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1572100023000212?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1572100023000212?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:51:20Z","timestamp":1761612680000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1572100023000212"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S1572100023000212"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292","relation":{},"ISSN":["1572-1000"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1572-1000","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on the reduction of bacteria and virulence factors in teeth with primary endodontic infection","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103292","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103292"}}