{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T22:24:36Z","timestamp":1794435876917,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]],"date-time":"2025-03-15T03:50:34Z","timestamp":1742010634000},"page":"104558","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effectiveness of low-level laser therapy on temporomandibular disorders. A systematic review of randomized clinical trials"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Leonardo","family":"D\u00edaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Restelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damla Ilhan","family":"Atalay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Abarca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain Chalple","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2616-1510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0001","series-title":"Guidelines For Assessment, Diagnosis, and Management","author":"De Leeuw","year":"2013"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0002","first-page":"e29314","article-title":"Current trends in the management of temporomandibular joint dysfunction: a review","volume":"14","author":"Wadhokar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6890","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13226890","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of two different low-level laser therapies for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Karag\u00f6zo\u011flu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2015.08.004","article-title":"Temporomandibular joint disorders and orofacial pain","volume":"60","author":"Ahmad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dent. Clin. North Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02579-3","article-title":"Promising minimally invasive treatment modalities for symptomatic temporomandibular joint disc displacement with reduction: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"22","author":"Rady","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC. Oral Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102945","article-title":"Efficacy of laser therapy for temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04780-y","article-title":"Efficacy of different low-level laser therapy sessions in the management of masseter muscle trigger points","volume":"24","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC. Oral Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-023-03900-4","article-title":"Comparison of therapeutic effects of 940 nm diode laser acupuncture with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in the myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome: a comparative randomized clinical trial","volume":"38","author":"Palizgir","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lasers. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2020.1773660","article-title":"Rapid LLLT protocol for myofascial pain and mouth opening limitation treatment in the clinical practice: an RCT","volume":"40","author":"De Oliveira Chami","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0010","first-page":"1","article-title":"The effect of a functional appliance in the management of temporomandibular joint disorders in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"66","author":"Isola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Minerva Stomatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2015.04.014","article-title":"Occlusal and MRI characterizations in systemic sclerosis patients: a prospective study from Southern Italian cohort","volume":"83","author":"Matarese","year":"2016","journal-title":"Joint. Bone Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.1997.11746005","article-title":"Low level laser therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD): a double-blind pilot study","volume":"15","author":"Conti","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1080\/03009740310000139","article-title":"Effectiveness of low-level laser therapy in temporomandibular disorder","volume":"32","author":"Kulekcioglu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scand. J. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-77572005000300015","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and the microelectric neurostimulation (MENS) in the treatment of myogenic temporomandibular disorders: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"13","author":"Kogawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Appl. Oral Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-77572006000200012","article-title":"TENS and low-level laser therapy in the management of temporomandibular disorders","volume":"14","author":"Kato","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Appl. Oral Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1875-595X.2008.tb00351.x","article-title":"Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular disorder","volume":"58","author":"da Cunha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. Dent. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Emshoff, R. B\u00f6sch, E. P\u00fcmpel, H. Sch\u00f6ning, H. Strobl. Low-level laser therapy for treatment of temporomandibular joint pain: a double-blind and placebo-controlled trial.Oral. Surg. Oral. Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. 105(4) (2008) 452\u2013456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tripleo.2007.09.012.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2007.09.012"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1179\/crn.2010.012","article-title":"Low level laser effects on pain to palpation and electromyographic activity in TMD patients: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study","volume":"28","author":"Venezian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181f3c76c","article-title":"Management of myofascial pain: low-level laser therapy versus occlusal splints","volume":"21","author":"\u00d6z","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1179\/crn.2012.040","article-title":"Low level laser therapy as an adjunctive technique in the management of temporomandibular disorders","volume":"30","author":"da Silva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-18462013005000052","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"15","author":"Cat\u00e3o","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. CEFAC"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-013-1273-x","article-title":"Laser acupuncture in patients with temporomandibular dysfunction: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Ferreira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lasers. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12022","article-title":"Piroxicam and laser phototherapy in the treatment of TMJ arthralgia: a double-blind randomised controlled trial","volume":"40","author":"de Carli","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2013.3555","article-title":"The adjunct therapeutic effect of lasers with medication in the management of orofacial pain: double blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"Amanat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Photomed. Laser. Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1179\/0886963413Z.0000000005","article-title":"Efficacy of red and infrared lasers in treatment of temporomandibular disorders\u2013a double-blind, randomized, parallel clinical trial","volume":"32","author":"Pereira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1179\/0886963413Z.0000000004","article-title":"Low-level laser therapy for management of TMJ osteoarthritis","volume":"32","author":"Madani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-012-1253-6","article-title":"The efficacy of low-level laser therapy for the treatment of myogenous temporomandibular joint disorder","volume":"29","author":"Ahrari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lasers. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-015-0116-5","article-title":"Early results of low-level laser application for masticatory muscle pain: a double-blind randomized clinical study","volume":"15","author":"Sancakli","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC. Oral Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-014-1522-7","article-title":"Effectiveness of occlusal splints and low-level laser therapy on myofascial pain","volume":"30","author":"Demirkol","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lasers. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.15171\/jlms.2016.10","article-title":"Low level laser therapy versus pharmacotherapy in improving myofascial pain disorder syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Khalighi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Lasers. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.15171\/jlms.2017.s6","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of Low level laser therapy and Transcutaneous Electric nerve Stimulation on temporomandibular joint disorders","volume":"8","author":"Seifi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Lasers. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2017.05.010","article-title":"A comparison of the outcomes of four minimally invasive treatment methods for anterior disc displacement of the temporomandibular joint","volume":"46","author":"Hosgor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdr.IJDR_345_15","article-title":"Low-level laser therapy: a novel therapeutic approach to temporomandibular disorder - A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Shobha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J. Dent. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0037","first-page":"327","article-title":"A comparison trial between three treatment modalities for the management of myofascial pain of jaw muscles: a preliminary study","volume":"36","author":"Manfredini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0038","first-page":"e65","article-title":"Low-level laser therapy and anesthetic infiltration for orofacial pain in patients with fibromyalgia: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"23","author":"de Souza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2018.12.010","article-title":"Effects of low-power laser auriculotherapy on the physical and emotional aspects in patients with temporomandibular disorders: a blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial","volume":"42","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2019","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.05.006","article-title":"Thermographic evaluation of occlusal splint and low level laser therapy in myofascial pain syndrome","volume":"44","author":"Altindi\u015f","year":"2019","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0041","first-page":"280","article-title":"Effectiveness of photobiomodulation in temporomandibular disorder-related pain using a 635\u2009nm diode laser: a randomized, blinded, and Placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"38","author":"Monteiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Photobiomodul. Photomed. Laser. Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdr.IJDR_735_18","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of low-level laser and TENS in the symptomatic relief of temporomandibular joint disorders: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"31","author":"Chellappa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J. Dent. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2019.08.010","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of different treatment modalities for painful temporomandibular disorders","volume":"49","author":"Abbasgholizadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.5606\/tftrd.2020.3355","article-title":"Evaluation the effects of low-level laser therapy on disc displacement with reduction","volume":"66","author":"Keskin Tun\u00e7","year":"2020","journal-title":"Turk. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258063","article-title":"Effects of low-level laser therapy versus soft occlusive splints on mouth opening and surface electromyography in females with temporomandibular dysfunction: a randomized-controlled study","volume":"16","author":"Shousha","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2019.1599174","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of a new low-level laser therapy home protocol in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorder-related pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"39","author":"Del Vecchio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-021-01591-4","article-title":"Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in management of temporomandibular joint pain: a double blind and placebo controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Desai","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0048","first-page":"28","article-title":"Effectiveness of low-level laser therapy and myofascial release technique on health-related outcomes of pregnant women with temporomandibular myofascial pain: a randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"12","author":"Yehia","year":"2022","journal-title":"EJPT"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2021.04.032","article-title":"Clinical and functional efficacy of gallium-arsenide super pulsed laser therapy on temporo mandibular joint pain with orofacial myalgia following healed unilateral cervicofacial burn - A randomized trial","volume":"48","author":"Nambi G","year":"2022","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02579-3","article-title":"Promising minimally invasive treatment modalities for symptomatic temporomandibular joint disc displacement with reduction: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"22","author":"Rady","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC. Oral Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2020.1773660","article-title":"Rapid LLLT protocol for myofascial pain and mouth opening limitation treatment in the clinical practice: an RCT","volume":"40","author":"De Oliveira Chami","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-023-03900-4","article-title":"Comparison of therapeutic effects of 940 nm diode laser acupuncture with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in the myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome: a comparative randomized clinical trial","volume":"38","author":"Palizgir","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lasers. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.23.07501-9","article-title":"Effect of electromagnetic therapy versus low-level laser therapy on diabetic patients with trigeminal neuralgia: a randomized control trial","volume":"59","author":"Al-Azab","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phys. Rehabil. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2021.1909454","article-title":"Efficacy of different combinations of physiotherapy techniques compared to exercise and patient education in temporomandibular disorders: a randomized controlled study","volume":"41","author":"Tanhan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13405","article-title":"Efficacy of stabilisation splint and low-level laser therapy for patients with chronic closed lock from non-reducible displaced temporo-mandibular joint discs: a parallel randomised clinical trial","volume":"50","author":"El-Shaheed","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-02784-8","article-title":"The reliability of using light therapy compared with LASER in pain reduction of temporomandibular disorders: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"23","author":"Al-Quisi","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC. Oral Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04780-y","article-title":"Efficacy of different low-level laser therapy sessions in the management of masseter muscle trigger points","volume":"24","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC. Oral Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13634","article-title":"Comparison of low-level laser therapy and standard treatment for temporomandibular disorders: an assessment of therapeutic and placebo effects","volume":"51","author":"Chamani","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTQE.2016.2561201","article-title":"Proposed mechanisms of photobiomodulation or low-level light therapy","volume":"22","author":"de Freitas","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEe J. Sel. Top. Quantum. Electron."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.3934\/biophy.2017.3.337","article-title":"Mechanisms and applications of the anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation","volume":"4","author":"Hamblin","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIMS. Biophys."},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201500113","article-title":"Low level laser therapy reduces acute lung inflammation without impairing lung function","volume":"9","author":"Cury","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biophotonics."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R116","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4296","article-title":"Effect of low-level laser therapy on the expression of inflammatory mediators and on neutrophils and macrophages in acute joint inflammation","volume":"15","author":"Alves","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e390","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.60369","article-title":"Low-level laser therapy in the management of muscle fatigue caused after long endodontic procedure","volume":"15","author":"Gaikwad","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Dent."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e603","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.18794","article-title":"The use of low level laser therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders. Review of the literature","volume":"18","author":"Herranz-Aparicio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2020-0169","article-title":"Low-level laser therapy in temporomandibular joint disorders: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Ahmad","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Life"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14111064","article-title":"Photobiomodulation as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's Disease: a review paper","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.35.55","article-title":"Effects of low-level laser therapy on inflammatory symptoms in an arthritis rat model","volume":"35","author":"Okita","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Phys. Ther. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-017-2299-2","article-title":"Effects of photobiomodulation therapy and topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug on skeletal muscle injury induced by contusion in rats-part 2: biochemical aspects","volume":"32","author":"Tomazoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lasers. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247098","article-title":"Combination treatment of dendrosomal nanocurcumin and low-level laser therapy develops proliferation and migration of mouse embryonic fibroblasts and alter TGF-\u03b2, VEGF, TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 expressions involved in wound healing process","volume":"16","author":"Ebrahiminaseri","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1080\/1354750X.2020.1825812","article-title":"Photobiomodulation modulates inflammation and oral microbiome: a pilot study","volume":"25","author":"Zanotta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-024-04151-7","article-title":"In-vitro study on type I collagen synthesis in low-level laser therapy on the early ligament fibroblasts' healing process","volume":"39","author":"C\u00e1rdenas-Sandoval","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lasers. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0072","first-page":"140","article-title":"The effects In vitro of photobiomodulation over fibroblasts and extracellular matrix","volume":"42","author":"Cavalcanti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Photobiomodul. Photomed. Laser. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.880158","article-title":"In vivo characterization of a red light-activated vasodilation: a photobiomodulation study","volume":"13","author":"Keszler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-016-1971-2","article-title":"Effect of the transdermal low-level laser therapy on endothelial function","volume":"31","author":"Szymczyszyn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lasers. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2015.06.023","article-title":"Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: cone beam computed tomography findings, clinical features, and correlations","volume":"44","author":"C\u00f6mert Kili\u00e7","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0076","first-page":"e31515","article-title":"Cone-beam computed tomography for temporomandibular joint imaging","volume":"14","author":"Dhabale","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39923","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000039923","article-title":"Cone beam computed tomography changes upon oral appliance therapy for adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a non-randomized clinical trial","volume":"103","author":"Khasawneh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine"}],"container-title":["Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1572100025000870?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1572100025000870?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T05:25:40Z","timestamp":1760073940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1572100025000870"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":77,"alternative-id":["S1572100025000870"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558","relation":{},"ISSN":["1572-1000"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1572-1000","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effectiveness of low-level laser therapy on temporomandibular disorders. A systematic review of randomized clinical trials","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104558","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104558"}}