{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:13:33Z","timestamp":1789690413305,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T09:01:45Z","timestamp":1755766905000},"page":"104768","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Analysis of subjective efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy in the treatment of refractory vulvar lichen sclerosus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Guiqin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yicheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenzhen","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9697-6734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104768_bib0001","article-title":"Lichen sclerosus: the 2023 update","volume":"10","author":"De Luca","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104768_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-017-3004-y","article-title":"Genital lichen sclerosus in childhood and adolescence-a retrospective case series of 15 patients: early diagnosis is crucial to avoid long-term sequelae","volume":"176","author":"Nerantzoulis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104768_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2017.1343295","article-title":"Lichen sclerosus in women: a review","volume":"20","author":"P\u00e9rez-L\u00f3pez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104768_bib0004","first-page":"337","article-title":"Lichen sclerosus-presentation, diagnosis and management","volume":"113","author":"Kirtschig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dtsch. Arztebl. Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104768_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-200301000-00004","article-title":"Balanitis xerotica obliterans: epidemiologic distribution in an equal access health care system","volume":"96","author":"Kizer","year":"2003","journal-title":"South. Med. J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104768_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.140.6.702","article-title":"Does treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus influence its prognosis?","volume":"140","author":"Cooper","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104768_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.0643","article-title":"Long-term management of adult vulvar Lichen sclerosus: a prospective cohort study of 507 women","volume":"151","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA. Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104768_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13136","article-title":"Evidence-based (S3) Guideline on (anogenital) Lichen sclerosus","volume":"29","author":"Kirtschig","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104768_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.07.006","article-title":"Lichen sclerosus","volume":"28","author":"Murphy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dermatol. Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104768_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-2011.2012.00175.x","article-title":"Recognition and management of vulvar dermatologic conditions: lichen sclerosus, lichen planus, and lichen simplex chronicus","volume":"57","author":"Thorstensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Midwifery. Womens. Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104768_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.14893","article-title":"Quality of life and sexuality in women with lichen sclerosus: a cross-sectional study","volume":"47","author":"Vittrup","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Experim. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104768_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2019.12.029","article-title":"Lichen sclerosus in prepubertal girls: an uncommon but treatable cause of lower urinary tract symptoms","volume":"137","author":"Arlen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104768_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2008.07.027","article-title":"An open trial of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for vulvar lichen sclerosus","volume":"141","author":"Sotiriou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104768_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1994.tb01167.x","article-title":"Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI)\u2013a simple practical measure for routine clinical use","volume":"19","author":"Finlay","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104768_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.102109","article-title":"Clinical and dermoscopic assessment of vulvar lichen sclerosus after 5-Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy:a prospective study","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis. Photodyn. Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104768_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2017.12.003","article-title":"Yin R. 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy in refractory vulvar lichen sclerosus et atrophicus: series of ten cases","volume":"21","author":"Lan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis. Photodyn. Ther"}],"container-title":["Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S157210002500300X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S157210002500300X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T23:43:28Z","timestamp":1789688608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S157210002500300X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":16,"alternative-id":["S157210002500300X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104768","relation":{},"ISSN":["1572-1000"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1572-1000","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Analysis of subjective efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy in the treatment of refractory vulvar lichen sclerosus","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104768","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104768"}}