{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T16:02:15Z","timestamp":1775145735058,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T23:25:57Z","timestamp":1765063557000},"page":"105308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comparative efficacy of photodynamic therapy versus conventional therapies for actinic keratosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"ALA'A Suwait Deeb AL","family":"Suwait","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rongyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziad Fayez Mohammad","family":"Alkouz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaxi","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaixin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoshuang","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rehab","family":"Alhejairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashraf Suwait Deeb AL","family":"Suwait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongfeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14852","article-title":"Current perspective on actinic keratosis: a review","volume":"177","author":"Siegel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljad371","article-title":"Global epidemiology of actinic keratosis in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"190","author":"George","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.134","article-title":"Prevalence of actinic keratosis and its risk factors in the general population: the Rotterdam Study","volume":"133","author":"Flohil","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000016465","article-title":"Prevalence of actinic keratosis in patients attending the dermatology outpatient clinic","volume":"98","author":"Yaldiz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljad395","article-title":"Actinic keratosis epidemiology: the good, the bad and the ugly","volume":"190","author":"Naldi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/S1011-1344(01)00173-7","article-title":"Selective distribution of porphyrins in skin thick basal cell carcinoma after topical application of methyl 5-aminolevulinate","volume":"62","author":"Peng","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.09.053","article-title":"Pathobiology of actinic keratosis: ultraviolet-dependent keratinocyte proliferation","volume":"68","author":"Berman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.080318","article-title":"Ultraviolet A within sunlight induces mutations in the epidermal basal layer of engineered human skin","volume":"174","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0009","article-title":"Advancements in elucidating the pathogenesis of actinic keratosis: present state and future prospects","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29030728","article-title":"The mechanisms of UV radiation-induced skin carcinogenesis and the protective role of natural antioxidants","volume":"29","author":"Kowalski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0011","first-page":"3313","article-title":"Genetic studies of actinic keratosis development: where are we now?","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0012","first-page":"283","article-title":"Ultrastructural changes in actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"8","author":"Khorshid","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. J. Dermatopathol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0013","first-page":"171","article-title":"Comparison of p53, Ki-67 and PCNA expressions in actinic keratosis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"41","author":"Karagece Yalcin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Pathol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14498","volume":"175","author":"Reinhold","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10124","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.22.10124","article-title":"A role for sunlight in skin cancer: uV-induced p53 mutations in squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"88","author":"Brash","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4507","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13184507","article-title":"The Role of p53 in Progression of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Nissinen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5775","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25115775","article-title":"Contribution of Keratinocytes in Skin Cancer Initiation and Progression","volume":"25","author":"Camillo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2020.12.024","article-title":"The genomic landscape of actinic keratosis","volume":"141","author":"Thomson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"issue":"6237","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa6806","article-title":"Tumor evolution: high burden and pervasive positive selection of somatic mutations in normal human skin","volume":"348","author":"Martincorena","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0020","first-page":"1618","volume":"373","author":"Chen","year":"2015"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/00015550510032887","article-title":"A randomized multicenter study to compare two treatment regimens of topical methyl aminolevulinate (Metvix\u00ae)-PDT in actinic keratosis of the face and scalp","volume":"85","author":"Tarstedt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"issue":"1 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2000.103343","article-title":"Clinical presentation of actinic keratoses and squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"42","author":"Moy","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-022-00674-3","article-title":"A review of existing therapies for actinic keratosis: current status and future directions","volume":"23","author":"Del Regno","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Dermatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/00042728-200501000-00009","article-title":"Clinical diagnosis of actinic keratosis identifies an elderly population at high risk of developing skin cancer","volume":"31","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0025","first-page":"1727","article-title":"A genetic explanation of Slaughter\u2019s concept of field cancerization: evidence and clinical implications","volume":"63","author":"Braakhuis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13626","article-title":"Actinic keratosis: correlation between clinical and histological classification systems","volume":"30","author":"Schmitz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12833","article-title":"A new vision of actinic keratosis beyond visible clinical lesions","volume":"29","author":"Malvehy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1080\/00015550510044136","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy for non-melanoma skin cancer","volume":"85","author":"Szeimies","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(91)70113-G","article-title":"A double-blind, vehicle-controlled study evaluating masoprocol cream in the treatment of actinic keratoses on the head and neck","volume":"24","author":"Olsen","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0030","first-page":"1043","article-title":"An update on non-invasive skin imaging techniques in actinic keratosis-a narrative review","volume":"60","author":"Korecka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. (Kaunas)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12158","article-title":"Long-term (6 and 12 months) follow-up of two prospective, randomized, controlled phase III trials of photodynamic therapy with BF-200 ALA and methyl aminolaevulinate for the treatment of actinic keratosis","volume":"168","author":"Dirschka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2710","article-title":"A novel actinic keratosis field assessment scale for grading actinic keratosis disease severity","volume":"97","author":"Dirschka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta. Derm. Venereol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15107","article-title":"British Association of Dermatologists\u2019 guidelines for the care of patients with actinic keratosis 2017","volume":"176","author":"Berker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10613.x","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy with BF-200 ALA for the treatment of actinic keratosis: results of a multicentre, randomized, observer-blind phase III study in comparison with a registered methyl-5-aminolaevulinate cream and placebo","volume":"166","author":"Dirschka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12420","article-title":"The natural history of actinic keratosis: a systematic review","volume":"169","author":"Werner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12420","article-title":"The natural history of actinic keratosis: a systematic review","volume":"169","author":"Werner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.07860.x","article-title":"Actinic keratosis is an early in situ squamous cell carcinoma: a proposal for reclassification","volume":"156","author":"R\u00f6wert-Huber","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14382","article-title":"Skin cancers in organ transplant recipients","volume":"17","author":"Mittal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Transpl."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0039","article-title":"Interventions for actinic keratoses","author":"Gupta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2019.10.004","article-title":"Actinic keratoses: review of clinical, dermoscopic, and therapeutic aspects","volume":"94","author":"Reinehr","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bras. Dermatol."},{"issue":"s2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08271.x","article-title":"A randomised study of topical 5 % imiquimod vs. topical 5-fluorouracil vs. cryosurgery in immunocompetent patients with actinic keratoses: a comparison of clinical and histological outcomes including 1-year follow-up","volume":"157","author":"Krawtchenko","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2015.2570","article-title":"European Dermatology Forum Guidelines on topical photodynamic therapy","volume":"25","author":"Morton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16061133","article-title":"Topical immunotherapy for actinic keratosis and field cancerization","volume":"16","author":"Bernal Masferrer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07470.x","article-title":"Intraindividual, right\u2013left comparison of topical methyl aminolaevulinate-photodynamic therapy and cryotherapy in subjects with actinic keratoses: a multicentre, randomized controlled study","volume":"155","author":"Morton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.06.020","article-title":"Imiquimod 2.5 % and 3.75 % for the treatment of actinic keratoses: results of two placebo-controlled studies of daily application to the face and balding scalp for two 3-week cycles","volume":"62","author":"Hanke","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.10823.x","article-title":"Topical photodynamic therapy significantly reduces epidermal Langerhans cells during clinical treatment of basal cell carcinoma","volume":"166","author":"Evangelou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/09546630310012118","article-title":"A comparison of photodynamic therapy using topical methyl aminolevulinate (Metvix\u00ae) with single cycle cryotherapy in patients with actinic keratosis: a prospective, randomized study","volume":"14","author":"Freeman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Treat."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.09.021","article-title":"Laser-assisted photodynamic therapy for actinic keratosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"80","author":"Steeb","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2019.4212","article-title":"Core outcome set for actinic keratosis clinical trials","volume":"156","author":"Reynolds","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2001.01324.x","article-title":"Topical 3.0 % diclofenac in 2.5 % hyaluronan gel in the treatment of actinic keratoses","volume":"40","author":"Wolf","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1811850","article-title":"Randomized trial of four treatment approaches for actinic keratosis","volume":"380","author":"Jansen","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-016-0145-2","article-title":"Use of lesion response rate in actinic keratosis trials","volume":"6","author":"Szeimies","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther. (Heidelb)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0053","first-page":"792","article-title":"Use of complete clearance for assessing treatment efficacy for 5-fluorouracil interventions in actinic keratoses: how baseline lesion count can impact this outcome","volume":"32","author":"Steeb","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Treat."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.0502","article-title":"Long-term efficacy of topical fluorouracil cream, 5 %, for treating actinic keratosis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"151","author":"Pomerantz","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2014.2271","article-title":"Update of the European guidelines for basal cell carcinoma management","volume":"24","author":"Trakatelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1159\/000254893","article-title":"Reflectance confocal microscopy for noninvasive monitoring of therapy and detection of subclinical actinic keratoses","volume":"220","author":"Ulrich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.10833.x","article-title":"Daylight-mediated photodynamic therapy of moderate to thick actinic keratoses of the face and scalp: a randomized multicentre study","volume":"166","author":"Wiegell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000001161","article-title":"Treatment of actinic keratoses: a randomized split-site approach comparison of sequential 5-fluorouracil and 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy to 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic monotherapy","volume":"43","author":"Pei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2612","article-title":"Pretreatment with 5-fluorouracil cream enhances the efficacy of daylight-mediated photodynamic therapy for actinic keratosis","volume":"97","author":"Nissen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09492.x","article-title":"Skin cancer: preventive photodynamic therapy in patients with face and scalp cancerization. A randomized placebo-controlled study","volume":"162","author":"Apalla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000107284.04969.5C","article-title":"Topical photodynamic therapy in the treatment of actinic keratoses and Bowen\u2019s disease in transplant recipients","volume":"77","author":"Dragieva","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10387.x","article-title":"Low-dose 5-fluorouracil in combination with salicylic acid as a new lesion-directed option to treat topically actinic keratoses: histological and clinical study results","volume":"165","author":"Stockfleth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.10878.x","article-title":"High and sustained efficacy after two sessions of topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for basal cell carcinoma: a prospective, clinical and histological 10-year follow-up study","volume":"166","author":"Christensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10270.x","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy reduces the histological features of actinic damage and the expression of early oncogenic markers","volume":"165","author":"Bagazgoitia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-017-2360-1","article-title":"A clinical review of phototherapy for psoriasis","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1159\/000183753","article-title":"Pretreatment to enhance protoporphyrin IX accumulation in photodynamic therapy","volume":"218","author":"Gerritsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0067","first-page":"1048","volume":"54","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0068","first-page":"544","article-title":"Defining the actinic keratosis field: a literature review and discussion","volume":"32","author":"Figueras Nart","year":"2018"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.141.4.456","article-title":"Low-dose retinoids in the prevention of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas in organ transplant recipients: a 16-year retrospective study","volume":"141","author":"Harwood","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2023.0062","article-title":"NCCN guidelines insights: cervical cancer, version 1.2024: featured updates to the NCCN guidelines","volume":"21","author":"Abu-Rustum","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308_bib0071","article-title":"Effectiveness of 5-fluorouracil treatment for actinic keratosis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","author":"Askew","year":"2009","journal-title":"Database Abstr. Rev. Eff. (DARE): Qual.-Assess. Rev. [Internet]"}],"container-title":["Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1572100025008397?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1572100025008397?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T15:22:52Z","timestamp":1775143372000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1572100025008397"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":71,"alternative-id":["S1572100025008397"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308","relation":{},"ISSN":["1572-1000"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1572-1000","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparative efficacy of photodynamic therapy versus conventional therapies for actinic keratosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.105308","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105308"}}