{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T08:03:43Z","timestamp":1789632223793,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:48:19Z","timestamp":1770943699000},"page":"105392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Retinal and choroidal microcirculation in fuchs uveitis syndrome after caffeine intake assessed using OCTA"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Yuqi","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aolin","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fagang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinghua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengcheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8621","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-59393-w","article-title":"Fuchs' uveitis syndrome: a 20-year experience in 466 patients","volume":"14","author":"Kianersi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2021-319343","article-title":"Development of revised diagnostic criteria for Fuchs' uveitis syndrome in a Chinese population","volume":"106","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0003","article-title":"Factors associated with low prevalence of Fuchs' uveitis syndrome in Japan","volume":"9","author":"Yoneda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2016.1196713","article-title":"A focus on the epidemiology of uveitis","volume":"26","author":"Tsirouki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1988.01060140860027","article-title":"heterochromic iridocyclitis in blacks","volume":"106","author":"Tabbut","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2015.1005239","article-title":"Uveitis syndrome: no longer a syndrome?","volume":"24","author":"Kreps","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-012-9649-7","article-title":"heterochromic cyclitis: a post-infectious manifestation of ocular toxoplasmosis?","volume":"33","author":"Jad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0008","first-page":"2909","article-title":"High concordance of intraocular antibody synthesis against the rubella virus and Fuchs heterochromic uveitis syndrome in Slovenia","volume":"18","author":"Stunf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2019.10.003","article-title":"A literature review on Fuchs uveitis syndrome: an update","volume":"65","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.05.026","article-title":"Epidemiologic relationship between fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis and the United States rubella vaccination program","volume":"144","author":"Birnbaum","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-010-1434-6","article-title":"Rubella virus as a possible etiological agent of Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis","volume":"248","author":"Suzuki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Graefes. Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.055","article-title":"Fuchs heterochromic cyclitis: rubella virus antibodies and genome in aqueous humor","volume":"138","author":"Quentin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/abr.abr_305_20","article-title":"Ultra-Widefield Fundus fluorescein angiography findings in patients with Fuchs' Uveitis syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Nasrollahi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Biomed. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-010-9366-z","article-title":"Fluorescein angiographic findings and clinical features in Fuchs' uveitis","volume":"30","author":"Bouchenaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2009.04.007","article-title":"A cross-sectional and longitudinal study of Fuchs uveitis syndrome in Turkish patients","volume":"148","author":"Tugal-Tutkun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2018.03.003","article-title":"Assessment of flow dynamics in retinal and choroidal microcirculation","volume":"63","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2024.2327054","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2020.1751212","article-title":"Retinal microcirculation defects on OCTA correlate with active inflammation and vision in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease","volume":"29","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4163","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-021-01968-x","article-title":"Post-remission retinal microvascular and choroidal thickness changes in eyes with Beh\u1e09et's disease posterior uveitis: an OCTA longitudinal study","volume":"41","author":"Wassef","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3584","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721221078660","article-title":"Acute effects of coffee on peripapillary and subfoveal choroidal parameters in young healthy subjects","volume":"32","author":"Ko\u00e7ak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2022.103138","article-title":"Morphological changes in retinochoroidal microvasculature after caffeinated versus decaffeinated coffee consumption","volume":"40","author":"Dogan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis. Photodyn. Ther."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.3109\/15569527.2015.1104330","article-title":"Acute effects of caffeine on choroidal thickness and ocular pulse amplitude","volume":"35","author":"Dervi\u015fo\u011fullar\u0131","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-5155(01)00498-1","article-title":"Effects of caffeine on microcirculation of the human ocular fundus","volume":"46","author":"Okuno","year":"2002","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-022-02417-z","article-title":"Acute effects of caffeine and glucose intake on retinal vessel calibres in healthy volunteers","volume":"43","author":"Gin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfo.2019.10.004","article-title":"Analysis of retinal microvasculature in Fuchs' uveitis syndrome. Retinal microvasculature in Fuchs' uveitis","volume":"43","author":"Aksoy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Fr. Ophtalmol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-022-02299-1","article-title":"Optic coherence tomography angiography findings in fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis","volume":"42","author":"Degirmenci","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0027","article-title":"Microvasculature features of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease revealed by widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"8","author":"Ye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13051251","article-title":"HD-OCT angiography and SD-OCT in patients with mild or No clinically apparent diabetic retinopathy","volume":"13","author":"Vinkovi\u0107","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedicines."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.01.012","article-title":"Earliest evidence of preclinical diabetic retinopathy revealed using optical coherence tomography angiography perfused capillary density","volume":"203","author":"Rosen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-025-06407-5","article-title":"Macular perfusion alterations in people with recent-onset diabetes and novel diabetes subtypes","volume":"68","author":"Kaya","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-020-00724-0","article-title":"Retinal microvasculature dysfunction is associated with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment","volume":"12","author":"Chua","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimers. Res. Ther."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-018-4125-3","article-title":"An investigation on optic nerve head involvement in Fuchs uveitis syndrome using optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography","volume":"256","author":"Zarei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Graefes. Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-019-04491-z","article-title":"Evaluation of radial peripapillary capillary density in patients with Fuchs uveitis syndrome","volume":"257","author":"Goker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Graefes. Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2023.2220787","article-title":"The thickness of the retinal nerve Fiber layer (RNFL) as a biomarker in uveitis","volume":"32","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Ezquerro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0035","first-page":"1","article-title":"Changes in peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer and ocular parameters in acute anterior uveitis","author":"Chiou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Optom."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.09.008","article-title":"Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements: uveitis, a major confounding factor","volume":"122","author":"Moore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2020.1811353","article-title":"Uveitis as a confounding factor in retinal nerve Fiber layer analysis using optical coherence tomography","volume":"30","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12144842","article-title":"Analysis of peripapillary retinal nerve Fiber layer thickness in acute anterior uveitis among children with HLA-B27-positive juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"12","author":"\u015awierczy\u0144ska","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0039","first-page":"543","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography characteristics of eyes with acute anterior uveitis","volume":"14","author":"Shulman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Isr. Med. Assoc. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2014.890229","article-title":"An investigation of the disc hyperfluorescence in Fuchs uveitis syndrome using optical coherence tomography imaging","volume":"23","author":"Aziz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-023-02236-8","article-title":"Choroidal vascularity index as a predictor for the development of retinopathy in diabetic patients","volume":"47","author":"Keskin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Invest."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-022-02270-5","article-title":"Choroidal vascularity index and choroidal thickness: potential biomarkers in retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"37","author":"Abdolrahimzadeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-016-3475-y","article-title":"Full-thickness choroidal thinning as a feature of Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome: quantitative evaluation of the choroid by Enhanced Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography in a cohort of consecutive patients","volume":"254","author":"Cerquaglia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Graefes. Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-024-03554-y","article-title":"Retinal and choroidal thickness in fuchs uveitis syndrome: a contralateral eye study","volume":"24","author":"Kianersi","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1657078","article-title":"Evaluation of retinal and choroidal thickness in Fuchs' Uveitis syndrome","volume":"2016","author":"Balci","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2015.1115877","article-title":"Choroidal thickness in eyes with Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Kardes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-024-03304-0","article-title":"Simultaneous evaluation of iris area and subfoveal choroidal thickness in Fuchs uveitis syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Ruiz-Cruz","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-022-02595-w","article-title":"Comparison of retinal and choroidal changes in Fuchs' uveitis syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Balci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-020-01309-4","article-title":"Choroid vascularity index as a parameter for chronicity of Fuchs' uveitis syndrome","volume":"40","author":"Ozer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2021.102332","article-title":"In vivo analysis of choroidal vascularity index changes in eyes with Fuchs uveitis syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Ozcelik-Kose","year":"2021","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis. Photodyn. Ther."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2024.2308030","article-title":"Ocular involvement in systemic sclerosis: updated review and new insights on microvascular impairment","volume":"32","author":"Carl\u00e0","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.737426","article-title":"Caffeine inhibits choroidal neovascularization through mitigation of inflammatory and angiogenesis activities","volume":"9","author":"Sorenson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15051196","article-title":"Consumption of coffee and tea is associated with macular retinal nerve Fiber layer thickness: results from the UK Biobank","volume":"15","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.4274\/tjo.galenos.2024.43895","article-title":"Caffeine and vision: effects on the eye","volume":"54","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Turk. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e524","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2012.02486.x","article-title":"The effect of caffeine on retinal vessel diameter in young healthy subjects","volume":"90","author":"Terai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107513","article-title":"Keep an eye on adenosine: its role in retinal inflammation","volume":"210","author":"Santiago","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.18502\/jovr.v18i1.12725","article-title":"Adenosine receptors expression in Human retina and choroid with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"18","author":"Goebel","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmic. Vis. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680802344708","article-title":"The effect of caffeine on retrobulbar hemodynamics","volume":"33","author":"Ozkan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1989_21","article-title":"Evaluation of macular and peripapillary vascular parameter change in healthy subjects after caffeine intake using optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"70","author":"Yilmaz Tugan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197801262980403","article-title":"Effects of caffeine on plasma renin activity, catecholamines and blood pressure","volume":"298","author":"Robertson","year":"1978","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-022-02638-x","article-title":"A moderate dosage of coffee causes acute retinal capillary perfusion decrease in healthy young individuals","volume":"22","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0062","article-title":"Comparison of the short-term effect of coffee, energy drink, and water on the eyes in young healthy subjects","volume":"15","author":"Toprak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/5597188","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography: investigating vessel density changes induced by caffeine in healthy subjects","volume":"2024","author":"Jacobs","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2012.04.004","article-title":"Cellular and physiological mechanisms underlying blood flow regulation in the retina and choroid in health and disease","volume":"31","author":"Kur","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2008.02.002","article-title":"Regulation of retinal blood flow in health and disease","volume":"27","author":"Pournaras","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1101-9288","article-title":"The effect of physical exercise on the retina and choroid","volume":"237","author":"Szalai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Klin. Monbl. Augenheilkd."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1159\/000055622","article-title":"Regulatory mechanisms in the retinal and choroidal circulation","volume":"32","author":"Delaey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmic. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002058","article-title":"ACUTE EFFECT OF CAFFEINE ON MACULAR MICROCIRCULATION IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS: an optical coherence tomography angiography study","volume":"39","author":"Karti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0069","first-page":"708","article-title":"Measurement of choroidal thickness following caffeine intake in healthy subjects","volume":"41","author":"Altinkaynak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000043","article-title":"Choroidal thickness changes after a single administration of coffee in healthy subjects","volume":"34","author":"Vural","year":"2014","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2021.04.007","article-title":"Study of choroidal thickness variations after ingestion of a taurine and caffeine-containing energy drink","volume":"43","author":"Arej","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr. ESPEN."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.3109\/15569527.2014.912659","article-title":"The effect of caffeine on choroidal thickness in young healthy subjects","volume":"34","author":"Zengin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.3.27","article-title":"Changes in choroidal component ratio and circulation after coffee intake in healthy subjects","volume":"62","author":"Nagasato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S488","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_2502_23","article-title":"Variations in choroidal thickness between emmetropic and myopic eyes after caffeine intake","volume":"72","author":"Alotaibi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2023.01.003","article-title":"Orbital and ocular perfusion in thyroid eye disease","volume":"68","author":"Goel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.12.001","article-title":"Neural control of choroidal blood flow","volume":"64","author":"Reiner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002931","article-title":"CHOROIDAL BLOOD FLOW: review and potential explanation for the choroidal venous anatomy including the vortex vein system","volume":"40","author":"Spaide","year":"2020","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12247729","article-title":"The haemodialysis session effect on the choroidal thickness and retinal and choroidal microcirculation-A literature review","volume":"12","author":"Roskal-Wa\u0142ek","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."}],"container-title":["Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1572100026000591?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1572100026000591?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T07:18:14Z","timestamp":1789629494000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1572100026000591"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["S1572100026000591"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392","relation":{},"ISSN":["1572-1000"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1572-1000","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Retinal and choroidal microcirculation in fuchs uveitis syndrome after caffeine intake assessed using OCTA","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105392","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105392"}}