{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T12:39:36Z","timestamp":1793018376354,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T23:58:41Z","timestamp":1775260721000},"page":"105465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Toluidine blue O-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation reinforced with naringenin against Streptococcus mutans biofilms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Alkidsawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shima","family":"Younespour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8341-123X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shima","family":"Afrasiabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/77022","article-title":"Evidence-based strategies for the minimally invasive treatment of carious lesions: review of the literature","volume":"27","author":"Giacaman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2020.11.008","article-title":"Substantial regional differences in the biomechanical behavior of molar treated with selective caries tissue removal technique: a finite element study","volume":"37","author":"Weimann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-023-5515-4","article-title":"Minimally invasive selective caries removal: a clinical guide","volume":"234","author":"Lim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. Dent. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.GPP3-0051-2018","article-title":"The biology of Streptococcus mutans","volume":"7","author":"Lemos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0005","article-title":"Recent progress in antimicrobial strategies of controlled-release nanomaterials for secondary caries","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1159\/000088188","article-title":"Effect of fluoride-releasing filling materials on underlying dentinal lesions in vitro","volume":"39","author":"Exterkate","year":"2005","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1429692","article-title":"Chlorhexidine digluconate mouthwash alters the oral microbial composition and affects the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes","volume":"15","author":"Bartsch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0008","first-page":"1","article-title":"Does selective caries removal in combination with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy affect the clinical performance of adhesive restorations of primary or permanent teeth? A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Faria","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12966","article-title":"Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjunct for clinical partial removal of deciduous carious tissue: a minimally invasive approach","volume":"94","author":"Ornellas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2018.1467876","article-title":"Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy\u2013what we know and what we don\u2019t","volume":"44","author":"Cieplik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1180448","article-title":"Facile preparation of toluidine blue-loaded DNA nanogels for anticancer photodynamic therapy","volume":"11","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103291","article-title":"Antibacterial potential of riboflavin mediated blue diode laser photodynamic inactivation against Enterococcus faecalis: a laboratory investigation","volume":"41","author":"Afrasiabi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-025-10558-7","article-title":"Lactobacillus acidophilus\u2013Derived cell-free supernatant augments methylene blue\u2013Mediated photodynamic inactivation efficacy against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus planktonic suspension and biofilms","volume":"18","author":"Mund","year":"2026","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12050348","article-title":"AIE-active photosensitizers: manipulation of reactive oxygen species generation and applications in photodynamic therapy","volume":"12","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"issue":"29","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23187","DOI":"10.1039\/D5RA01711D","article-title":"Mechanistic insights and therapeutic innovations in engineered nanomaterial-driven disruption of biofilm dynamics","volume":"15","author":"Ullah","year":"2025","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7993","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26167993","article-title":"Natural biomolecules and light: antimicrobial photodynamic strategies in the fight against antibiotic resistance","volume":"26","author":"Amendola","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2018.04.013","article-title":"Influence of naringenin on the biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans","volume":"76","author":"Yue","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0018","first-page":"e8747","article-title":"Flavouring group evaluation 413 (FGE. 413): naringenin","volume":"22","author":"Additives","year":"2024","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0019","unstructured":"CLSI M100-ED34: 2024 performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, 34th edition http:\/\/em100.edaptivedocs.net\/ dashboard.aspx (2024)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2021.101543","article-title":"New and simplified method for drug combination studies by checkerboard assay","volume":"8","author":"Bellio","year":"2021","journal-title":"MethodsX"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7612","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207612","article-title":"Light energy dose and photosensitizer concentration are determinants of effective photo-killing against caries-related biofilms","volume":"21","author":"Balhaddad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2615","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-021-00515-3","article-title":"Microtiter plate assays to assess antibiofilm activity against bacteria","volume":"16","author":"Haney","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3175","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.5c00564","article-title":"Synthesis of innovative photosensitizers for enhanced photodynamic therapy of drug-resistant pathogens and biofilms","volume":"11","author":"Qin","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0024","article-title":"Antimicrobial photodynamic effect of cross-kingdom microorganisms with toluidine blue O and potassium iodide","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2017.03.007","article-title":"Effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on the counts of salivary Streptococcus mutans in children with severe early childhood caries","volume":"18","author":"Fekrazad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.21307\/pjm-2018-053","article-title":"Comparison of the photosensitivity of biofilms of different genera of cariogenic bacteria in tooth slices","volume":"67","author":"Darmani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pol. J. Microbiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2015.09.005","article-title":"Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy and ultraconservative caries removal linked for management of deep caries lesions","volume":"12","author":"Melo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2014.3722","article-title":"Tooth discoloration induced by endodontic phenothiazine dyes in photodynamic therapy","volume":"32","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Photomed. Laser Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2016.04.019","article-title":"Tooth color change caused by photosensitizers after photodynamic therapy: an in vitro study","volume":"160","author":"Costa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.6184","article-title":"Photodynamic inactivation of fibroblasts and inhibition of Staphylococcus epidermidis adhesion and biofilm formation by toluidine blue O","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2012.05.001","article-title":"Photodynamic inactivation of primary human fibroblasts by methylene blue and toluidine blue O","volume":"9","author":"Kashef","year":"2012","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-14-152","article-title":"Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy suppresses dental plaque formation in healthy adults: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"14","author":"Ichinose-Tsuno","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15547","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.9b05991","article-title":"Photobleaching efficiency parallels the enhancement of membrane damage for porphyrazine photosensitizers","volume":"141","author":"Tasso","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S1572-1000(05)00096-7","article-title":"The influence of intracellular mTHPC concentration upon photobleaching dynamics","volume":"2","author":"Atif","year":"2005","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0035","first-page":"338","article-title":"Review of the role played by the photosensitizer's photobleaching during photodynamic therapy","volume":"18","author":"Atif","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-020-2536-3","article-title":"Correlation of two validated methods for the quantification of naringenin in its solid dispersion: HPLC and UV spectrophotometric methods","volume":"2","author":"Jha","year":"2020","journal-title":"SN Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2018.06.009","article-title":"Assessment of the actual light dose in photodynamic therapy","volume":"23","author":"Schaberle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.12402","article-title":"Does chlorhexidine mouthwash, with an anti-discoloration system, reduce tooth surface discoloration without losing its efficacy? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Van Swaaij","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Dent. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1020995","article-title":"Clinical applications of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in dentistry","volume":"13","author":"Gholami","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0040","article-title":"Naringenin as an antibacterial reagent controlling of biofilm formation and fatty acid metabolism in MRSA","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioRxiv Preprint"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1039\/C7IB00095B","article-title":"Membrane and genomic DNA dual-targeting of citrus flavonoid naringenin against Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Integr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0042","first-page":"386","article-title":"Augmentation effects of novel naringenin analogues and ciprofloxacin as inhibitors for nora efflux pump (EPIs) and pyruvate kinase (PK) against MRSA","volume":"14","author":"Mohammed","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Anim. Vet. Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.102074","article-title":"Effect of rutin as flavonoid compound on photodynamic inactivation against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus","volume":"32","author":"Motallebi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/ja.2012.49","article-title":"Combining biofilm matrix measurements with biomass and viability assays in susceptibility assessments of antimicrobials against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms","volume":"65","author":"Skogman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0045","article-title":"Quantitative and qualitative assessment methods for biofilm growth: a mini-review","volume":"6","author":"Wilson","year":"2017","journal-title":"res. rev. J. Eng. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03381-5","article-title":"Effects of DJK-5 and chlorhexidine on exopolysaccharide volume and pH in oral biofilms","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0047","article-title":"Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against oral biofilm: influencing factors, mechanisms, and combined actions with other strategies","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12051056","article-title":"Influence of biofilm maturity on the antibacterial efficacy of cold atmospheric plasma in oral microcosm biofilms","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10112614","article-title":"Inhibition of biofilm formation of foodborne Staphylococcus aureus by the citrus flavonoid naringenin","volume":"10","author":"Wen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11111628","article-title":"Naringenin and its derivatives\u2014Health-promoting phytobiotic against resistant bacteria and fungi in humans","volume":"11","author":"Duda-Madej","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics"}],"container-title":["Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1572100026001328?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1572100026001328?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T12:20:50Z","timestamp":1793017250000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1572100026001328"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S1572100026001328"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465","relation":{},"ISSN":["1572-1000"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1572-1000","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Toluidine blue O-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation reinforced with naringenin against Streptococcus mutans biofilms","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105465","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105465"}}