{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:53:19Z","timestamp":1791219199558,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:53:33Z","timestamp":1791215613000},"page":"105668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["SkinFusionNet: Multi-backbone spatial fusion for robust and explainable melanoma classification"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2981-1600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faysal","family":"Ahmmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9909-4339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Resadus Salehin","family":"Rafsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhtadi","family":"Mansib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2469-4198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Airin","family":"Akther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ainea Esrat","family":"Esika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6266-6365","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Mohaimen-Bin-Noor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31234","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-15655-9","article-title":"A deep learning framework for automated early diagnosis and classification of skin cancer lesions in dermoscopy images","volume":"15","author":"Al-Waisy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24533","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-09938-4","article-title":"Explainable deep learning approaches for high precision early melanoma detection using dermoscopic images","volume":"15","author":"Mahmud","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6268","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-90423-3","article-title":"A fuzzy rank-based deep ensemble methodology for multi-class skin cancer classification","volume":"15","author":"Halder","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b4","article-title":"Explainability agreement between dermatologists and five visual explanations techniques in deep neural networks for melanoma ai classification","volume":"Volume 10 - 2023","author":"Giavina-Bianchi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering12090934","article-title":"Deep ensemble learning for multiclass skin lesion classification","volume":"12","author":"Chiu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24994","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-08954-8","article-title":"Enhanced melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer classification using a hybrid LSTM-CNN model","volume":"15","author":"Abohashish","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b7","article-title":"A comprehensive review of deep learning and machine learning techniques for early-stage skin cancer detection: challenges and research gaps","volume":"34","author":"Alzamili","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Intell. Syst."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/35150","article-title":"Assessing the generalizability of deep learning models trained on standardized and nonstandardized images and their performance against teledermatologists: Retrospective comparative study","volume":"5","author":"Oloruntoba","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b9","article-title":"An explainable hybrid deep learning framework for precise skin lesion segmentation and multi-class classification","volume":"Volume 12 - 2025","author":"Fiaz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2023.04.006","article-title":"Domain shifts in dermoscopic skin cancer datasets: Evaluation of essential limitations for clinical translation","volume":"76","author":"Fogelberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"New Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Avanija, C.C.M. Reddy, C.S.C. Reddy, D.H. Reddy, T. Narasimhulu, N.V. Hardhik, Skin Cancer Detection using Ensemble Learning, in: Proceedings of the 2023 International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Smart Systems, ICSCSS, Coimbatore, India, 2023, pp. 184\u2013189.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSCSS57650.2023.10169747"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15010064","article-title":"SmartSkin-XAI: An interpretable deep learning approach for enhanced skin cancer diagnosis in smart healthcare","volume":"15","author":"Hamim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2921","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-023-02897-w","article-title":"An efficient multi-level pre-processing algorithm for the enhancement of dermoscopy images in melanoma detection","volume":"61","author":"Jeba Derwin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med. Biol. Eng. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b14","article-title":"Skin cancer classification with deep learning: A systematic review","volume":"Volume 12 - 2022","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40204","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-24081-w","article-title":"Transformer-aided skin cancer classification using VGG19-based feature encoding","volume":"15","author":"Najjar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjidi.2023.100181","article-title":"Development and narrow validation of computer vision approach to facilitate assessment of change in pigmented cutaneous lesions","volume":"3","author":"Maguire","year":"2023","journal-title":"JID Innov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9335","DOI":"10.1007\/s11063-023-11204-5","article-title":"A novel vision transformer model for skin cancer classification","volume":"55","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Process. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.4018\/IJACI.2021070104","article-title":"Skin cancer classification through quantized color features and generative adversarial network","volume":"12","author":"Maiti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Ambient. Comput. Intell."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/s22155652","article-title":"SCDNet: A deep learning-based framework for the multiclassification of skin cancer using dermoscopy images","volume":"22","author":"Naeem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29704","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-75143-4","article-title":"Classification of melanoma skin cancer based on image data set using different neural networks","volume":"14","author":"Sabir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.04.284","article-title":"Melanoma skin cancer detection using ensemble of machine learning models considering deep feature embeddings","volume":"235","author":"Ghosh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b22","series-title":"2nd International Conference on Advancement in Computation & Computer Technologies","first-page":"314","article-title":"Vccinet: a multi-model deep learning approach for melanoma skin cancer detection","author":"Srivastava","year":"2024"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics13040680","article-title":"Melanoma skin cancer identification with explainability utilizing mask guided technique","volume":"13","author":"Gamage","year":"2024","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-019-01228-7","article-title":"Grad-CAM: Visual explanations from deep networks via gradient-based localization","volume":"128","author":"Selvaraju","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b25","series-title":"Melanoma skin cancer dataset of 10000 images","author":"Javed","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b26","series-title":"Skin cancer: Malignant vs. Benign","author":"fanconic","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b27","series-title":"PH2: A dermoscopic image database for research and benchmarking","author":"Mendon\u00e7a","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b28","series-title":"Melanoma cancer dataset","author":"Mittal","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b29","series-title":"ISIC 2017: Skin lesion analysis towards melanoma detection challenge dataset","author":"International Skin Imaging Collaboration","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b30","article-title":"Hair removal and lesion segmentation of dermoscopic images for classification of skin cancer using deep neural networks","volume":"32","author":"Shahzaib","year":"2025","journal-title":"Egypt. Informatics J."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b31","article-title":"Impact of artificial intelligence-based color constancy on dermoscopical assessment of skin lesions: A comparative study","volume":"29","author":"Branciforti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ski. Res. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0298305","article-title":"Analysis of dermoscopy images of multi-class for early detection of skin lesions by hybrid systems based on integrating features of CNN models","volume":"19","author":"Alshahrani","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. Huang, Z. Liu, L. van der Maaten, K.Q. Weinberger, Densely Connected Convolutional Networks, in: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR, 2017.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.243"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b34","series-title":"EfficientNetV2: Smaller models and faster training","author":"Tan","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b35","series-title":"Deep residual learning for image recognition","author":"He","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b36","series-title":"Identity mappings in deep residual networks","author":"He","year":"2016"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/s22031134","article-title":"Melanoma classification using a novel deep convolutional neural network with dermoscopic images","volume":"22","author":"Kaur","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/s22114147","article-title":"Dermoscopic image classification method using an ensemble of fine-tuned convolutional neural networks","volume":"22","author":"Shen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2023.106571","article-title":"Melanoma classification from dermatoscopy images using knowledge distillation for highly imbalanced data","volume":"154","author":"Adepu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17010028","article-title":"Deep learning for melanoma detection: A deep learning approach to differentiating malignant melanoma from benign melanocytic nevi","volume":"17","author":"Kreouzi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.11591\/ijai.v13.i1.pp1104-1111","article-title":"Embedded artificial intelligence system using deep learning and raspberry pi for the detection and classification of melanoma","volume":"13","author":"Dahdouh","year":"2024","journal-title":"IAES Int. J. Artif. Intell."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3390\/dermatopathology11030026","article-title":"Enhancing melanoma diagnosis with advanced deep learning models focusing on vision transformer, swin transformer, and ConvNeXt","volume":"11","author":"Aksoy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dermatopathology"}],"container-title":["Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1572100026003352?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1572100026003352?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:53:39Z","timestamp":1791215619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1572100026003352"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S1572100026003352"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668","relation":{},"ISSN":["1572-1000"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1572-1000","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"SkinFusionNet: Multi-backbone spatial fusion for robust and explainable melanoma classification","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2026.105668","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105668"}}