{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:05:15Z","timestamp":1792001115475,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003795","name":"Gay and Lesbian Medical Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12221"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12221"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Patient Education and Counseling"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T11:45:10Z","timestamp":1745235910000},"page":"108793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Barriers and facilitators in access to reproductive health services for sexual and gender minority populations in the United States: A focus group study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Elaine G.","family":"Avshman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1991-0397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dona","family":"Jalili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Penfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Domogauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacquelyn","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7163-8200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna-Grace","family":"Lilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shadin","family":"Zayyad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amani","family":"Sampson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Margolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwendolyn P.","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Reproductive rights, reproductive justice: redefining challenges to create optimal health for all women","author":"Onwuachi-Saunders","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Healthc, Sci Humanit Vol 9,1"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.72.0441","article-title":"American society of clinical oncology position statement: strategies for reducing cancer health disparities among sexual and gender minority populations","volume":"35","author":"Griggs","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2017.7050","article-title":"Time to change: supporting sexual and gender minority people-an underserved, understudied cancer risk population","volume":"15","author":"Obedin-Maliver","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib4","unstructured":"Understanding Nonbinary People: How to Be Respectful and Supportive.\u201d National Center for Transgender Equality, 12 Jan. 2023, transequality.org\/issues\/resources\/understanding-nonbinary-people-how-to-be-respectful-and-supportive."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib5","first-page":"384","article-title":"Cancer and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender\/transsexual, and queer\/questioning (LGBTQ) populations","volume":"65","author":"Quinn","year":"2015","journal-title":"CA: a Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.031","article-title":"Pap test use is lower among female-to-male patients than non-transgender women","volume":"47","author":"Peitzmeier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kratzer, T.B., Star, J., Minihan, A.K., Bandi, P., Scout, N.F.N., Gary, M., Riddle-Jones, L., Giaquinto, A.N., Islami, F., Jemal, A. and Siegel, R.L., 2024. Cancer in people who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or gender-nonconforming. Cancer.","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.35355"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31823ed1c1","article-title":"512: health care for transgender individuals","volume":"118","author":"Committee Opinion no","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib9","unstructured":"James, S., et al, The report of the 2015 US transgender survey. 2016."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1297","DOI":"10.1200\/OP.22.00084","article-title":"Sexual orientation and gender identity data collection in oncology practice: findings of an ASCO survey","volume":"18","author":"Kamen","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCO Oncol Pr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1080\/07347332.2023.2210548","article-title":"Disparities in health-related quality of life among lesbian, gay, and bisexual cancer survivors","volume":"41","author":"Hoyt","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Psychosoc Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2015.0124","article-title":"Differences in healthcare access, use, and experiences within a community sample of racially diverse lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning emerging adults","volume":"3","author":"Macapagal","year":"2016","journal-title":"LGBT Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1080\/26895269.2021.1896410","article-title":"Family building desires among transgender and gender expansive adolescents: a longitudinal family-level analysis","volume":"22","author":"Stark","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Transgender Health"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1177\/1363460720926967","article-title":"Sexual identities and reproductive orientations: Coming out as wanting (or not wanting) to have children","volume":"24","author":"Pralat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sexualities"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10092279","article-title":"Fertility preservation and reproductive potential in transgender and gender fluid population","volume":"10","author":"Choi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib16","first-page":"269","article-title":"Where youth live, learn, and play matters: Tackling the social determinants of health in adolescent sexual and reproductive health","volume":"13","author":"Garrido","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Sex Educ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1080\/10538720.2015.1022273","article-title":"Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer\/questioning (LGBTQ) perceptions and health care experiences","volume":"27","author":"Quinn","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gay Lesbian Soc Serv"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib18","first-page":"83","article-title":"Grounded theory and the constant comparative method: valid research strategies for educators","volume":"3","author":"Kolb","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Emerg Trends Educ Res Policy Stud"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib19","unstructured":"Cancer screening guidelines by age. American Cancer Society. Accessed October 7, 2024. \u3008https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/screening\/screening-recommendations-by-age.html\u3009."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/1525822X16639015","article-title":"How many focus groups are enough? Building an evidence base for nonprobability sample sizes","volume":"29","author":"Guest","year":"2017","journal-title":"Field Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1089\/jayao.2022.0118","article-title":"For the LOvE of reproductive health communication: assessment of the LGBT Oncofertility Education (LOvE) Module","volume":"12","author":"Pecoriello","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Adolesc Young-- Adult Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1080\/02635143.2021.1993179","article-title":"The use of intercoder reliability in qualitative interview data analysis in science education","volume":"41","author":"Cheung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res Sci Technol Educ"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000000388","article-title":"Standards for reportinf qualitative research: a synthesis of recommendations.","volume":"89","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-009-9540-9","article-title":"Qualitative research and content validity: developing best practices based on science and experience","volume":"18","author":"Brod","year":"2009","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-023-04373-3","article-title":"LGBTQ+\u202fcultural competency training for health professionals: a systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1080\/10401334.2020.1852087","article-title":"Clinician\u2019s experience and self-perceived knowledge and attitudes toward LGBTQ+\u202fhealth topics","volume":"33","author":"Gentile","year":"2021","journal-title":"Teach Learn Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.12.002","article-title":"Cultural competence in fertility care for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer people: a systematic review of patient and provider perspectives","volume":"115","author":"Kirubarajan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2021.02.009","article-title":"Sexual health and the LGBTQ+\u202fcommunity","volume":"48","author":"Taylor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prim Care: Clin Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2018.03.002","article-title":"Reproductive health care priorities and barriers to effective care for LGBTQ people assigned female at birth: a qualitative study","volume":"28","author":"Wingo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Women'S Health Issues"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2016.1190218","article-title":"Is the lack of specific lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer\/questioning (LGBTQ) health care education in medical school a cause for concern? Evidence from a survey of knowledge and practice among UK medical students","volume":"64","author":"Parameshwaran","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Homosex"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2021.02.010","article-title":"Reproductive considerations for the LGBTQ+\u202fCommunity","volume":"48","author":"Montoya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prim Care: Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-022-01394-x","article-title":"Barriers to sexual and reproductive care among cisgender, heterosexual and LGBTQIA+\u202fadolescents in the border region: provider and adolescent perspectives","volume":"19","author":"Hubach","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000227","article-title":"Barriers to healthcare for transgender individuals","volume":"23","author":"Safer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lund E.M., Burgess C.M.Sexual and Gender Minority Health Care Disparities: Barriers to Care and Strategies to Bridge the Gap. Prim Care., 48(2):179-1892021. 48217918910.1016\/j.pop.2021.02.007.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2021.02.007"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib35","first-page":"645","article-title":"Caring for transgender and gender-diverse persons: what clinicians should know","volume":"98","author":"Klein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.7461","article-title":"Changes in the frequency and type of barriers to reproductive health care between 2017 and 2021","volume":"6","author":"Adler","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2022.2159066","article-title":"Reimagining sexual and reproductive healthcare for LGBTQ communities","volume":"25","author":"Kenner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cult, Health Sex"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1089\/jayao.2022.0118","article-title":"For the LOvE of reproductive health communication: assessment of the LGBT Oncofertility Education (LOvE) Module","volume":"12","author":"Pecoriello","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Adolesc Young-- Adult Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1177\/27551938231187863","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators to accessing sexual and reproductive health services among transgender people: a meta-synthesis","volume":"54","author":"Saadat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Soc Determinants Health Health Serv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793_bib40","unstructured":"LGBT.\u201d LGBT - Healthy People 2030, health.gov\/healthypeople\/objectives-and-data\/browse-objectives\/lgbt. Accessed 19 Apr. 2024."}],"container-title":["Patient Education and Counseling"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738399125001600?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738399125001600?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T05:39:02Z","timestamp":1755495542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0738399125001600"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0738399125001600"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793","relation":{},"ISSN":["0738-3991"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0738-3991","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Barriers and facilitators in access to reproductive health services for sexual and gender minority populations in the United States: A focus group study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Patient Education and Counseling","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108793","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108793"}}